Inyoni ye-pheasant - Leli yilungu lezimpaphe ezifuywayo le-oda lezinkukhu. Lezi zinyoni zase-Eurasia zithandwa ekhaya futhi zivame ukukhuliselwa izinhloso zokuzingela. Le nyoni iyakhanga ngokubukeka futhi inezimpaphe ezikhanyayo. Inyama ibhekwa njengokudla futhi ibhekwa njengesibiliboco emakethe yomhlaba. I-pheasant iyisilwane esinamahloni ngokweqile endaweni yaso yemvelo. Uthanda ukuhlala yedwa, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuthola isithombe se-pheasant, kuyaqabukela avele phambi kwelensi yekhamera.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Pheasant
Lezi zinhlobo zachazwa okokuqala ngokwesayensi nguLinnaeus ku-opus "Systema naturae" ngaphansi kwegama layo lesayensi lamanje. Le nyoni yaxoxwa kabanzi nangaphambi kokuba uLinnaeus amise isibizo sayo. I-pheasant ejwayelekile emzimbeni omkhulu wezincwadi ze-ornithology zaleso sikhathi ibizwa nje ngokuthi "pheasant". Ama-pheasants akuzona izinyoni zomdabu eYurophu Ephakathi. Babuyiselwa lapho ezinsukwini zoMbuso WaseRoma bevela e-Asia, njengomdlalo wokuzingela emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule. Ngisho nanamuhla, ama-pheasants amaningi afukelwe ngokungeyikho kwezinye izindawo abese ededelwa ukuzingela.
Ividiyo: Pheasant
Amanye ama-subspecies asendle sekuyisikhathi eside engawenyoni ethandwayo yokuhlobisa, ngakho-ke sekuyisikhathi eside ekhuliswa ekuthunjweni, yize ayengabizwa ngokuthi awasekhaya. Izwe lakubo lezinyoni yi-Asia, iCaucasus. Igama labo balithola kumaGrikhi asendulo, athola izinyoni eduze noMfula iPhasis (igama lamanje iRioni), eduze koLwandle Olumnyama kanye nendawo ehlala abantu baseGeorgia ePoti. I-pheasant ejwayelekile iyinyoni kazwelonke yaseGeorgia. Isitsha sikazwelonke, i-chakhokhbili, senziwa ngentambo yaso. Ngaphambi kwenkathi yesimanje, lezi zinyoni zaseCaucasus zaziyinqwaba yemfuyo engeniswa eYurophu.
Le nyoni ayitholakali e-Afrika, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezisogwini lwaseMedithera, ngesikhathi sikaLinnaeus, lapho okungenzeka ukuthi zaziswa khona ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRoma. Lezi zinyoni zazifana kakhulu nabantu baseTranscaucasian kunezinye. Igama lesayensi ngesiLatini lisho ukuthi "pheasant from Colchis", etholakala entshonalanga yeGeorgia yanamuhla. Igama lasendulo lesiGreki elihambelana nepheasant yesiNgisi lithi Phasianos ornis (Φασιανὸς ὂρνις), "inyoni yomfula iPhasis". ILinnaeus ifake ezinye izinhlobo eziningi kuhlobo lwePhasianius, njengenkukhu yasekhaya kanye nokhokho wayo wasendle. Namuhla lolu hlobo luhlanganisa kuphela ipheasant ejwayelekile futhi eluhlaza. Njengoba lokhu kwakungaziwa nguLinnaeus ngo-1758
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Pheasant bird
Ama-pheasants ajwayelekile yizinyoni ezinesilinganiso esimaphakathi ezinemizimba ejulile, emise okwepheya, amakhanda amancane, nemisila emide, emincane. Abesilisa nabesifazane baphimise ukufiphala kocansi ngokweziqu nobukhulu, abesilisa banemibalabala futhi bakhulu kunabesifazane. Abesilisa banezimpaphe ezimibalabala ezimibalabala ezinemisila emide, ekhonjiwe nezimagqabhagqabha ezibomvu ezinamanzi ezizungeze amehlo.
Amakhanda azo ahluka ngombala kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani okucwebezelayo kuya kansomi. Ama-subspecies amaningi anekhola elimhlophe elijwayelekile entanyeni yabo, okubanika igama elithi "intamo eyindilinga". Abesifazane abanemibala emincane. Zinezimpaphe ezinsundu ngokugqamile, ezinamabala futhi, njengamaduna, zinemisila emide, ekhonjiwe, yize imfushane kunaleyo yamadoda.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-subspecies:
- colchicus, iqembu elinendandatho yentamo, lingabokudabuka ezwekazini i-Eurasia. Kukhona ama-subspecies angamashumi amathathu nanye;
- i-versicolor group, i-pheasant yethusi engenantambo Luhlaza entanyeni, esifubeni nasesiswini esingaphezulu. Leli qembu lidabuka eJapane futhi liye lavela eHawaii. Inama-subspecies amathathu.
Ubude bomzimba bungu-70-90 cm kowesilisa (cishe u-45-60 cm ngumsila omude okhombe) no-55-70 cm kowesifazane (ubude bomsila bungaba ngu-20-26 cm). Ukuphakama kwamaphiko besilisa kusuka ku-230 kuye ku-267 mm, owesifazane kusuka ku-218 kuye ku-237 mm. Amanye ama-subspecies makhulu. Isisindo sowesilisa sisuka ku-1.4 kuye ku-1.5 kg, esifazane sisuka ku-1.1 kuye ku-1.4 kg.
Ihlala kuphi iphenti?
Isithombe: Pheasant ngokwemvelo
I-pheasant iyinhlobo engafuduki ehlala e-Eurasia. Indawo yemvelo yokusabalalisa i-pheasant idlula eningizimu ye-Central ne-Eastern Palaearctic, kanye nezingxenye zesifunda esempumalanga. Ububanzi busuka oLwandle Olumnyama ebhande elibanzi eningizimu ukusuka ehlathini nasezintabeni endaweni esempumalanga kuya entshonalanga yeChina Qinghai kanye nonqenqema oluseningizimu nesifunda saseGobi, kufaka phakathi iKorea, iJapan kanye neBurma yangaphambili. Imelwe eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, eNew Zealand, e-Australia naseHawaii. ENyakatho Melika, abantu abaningi bama-pheasants batholakala maphakathi nobubanzi bomhlaba wezolimo kusuka eningizimu yeCanada kuya e-Utah, eCalifornia, naseningizimu kuya eVirginia.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izindawo zokuhlala zihlala zihlukaniswe kakhulu, ingxenye yabantu yakhiwe yizinhlayiyana ezihlukene ezihlukanisiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, empumalanga yeningizimu-mpumalanga ekude yeSiberia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, indawo enkulu evaliwe inabela eningizimu enqamula eChina, naseKorea naseTaiwan enyakatho yeVietnam, eLaos, eThailand, naseMyanmar, lapho ukuguquka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingaphansi kwe-subspecies kungabonakali kangako. ...
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwenziwe lwaba semvelo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba ngamazinga ahlukene empumelelo. Namuhla uhlala emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Lezi zinyoni azitholakali eGrisi kuphela, ezintabeni zase-Italy nasezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeFrance. ENhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia nasenyakatho yeScandinavia, cishe ayikho ngokuphelele. Kunezindawo eChile.
Ama-peasants ahlala emadlelweni nasemasimini ezolimo. Lezi zinyoni ziguquguquka futhi zihlala ezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokuhlala, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinamahlathi emvula aminyene, amahlathi asezintabeni noma izindawo ezomile kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kubavumela ukuba bahlole izindawo ezintsha zokuhlala. Amanzi avulekile awadingeki kuma-pheasants, kepha iningi labantu litholakala lapho kukhona khona amanzi. Ezindaweni ezomile, izinyoni zithola amanzi kuwo amazolo, izinambuzane kanye nohlaza oluluhlaza.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona inyoni yomndeni we-pheasant. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idla ngani i-pheasant?
Isithombe: Pheasant
Ama-pheasants yizinyoni ezidla omunyu, ngakho-ke ama-pheasants adla kuzo zombili izinto zezitshalo nezilwane. Kepha okuningi kokudla kungukudla okutshalwe ezitshalweni kuphela, ngaphandle kwamasonto amane okuqala okuphila, lapho amachwane edla kakhulu izinambuzane. Lapho-ke inani lokudla kwezilwane lincipha kakhulu. Ukudla kwezitshalo kuqukethe imbewu kanye nezingxenye zezitshalo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ububanzi buvela ezinhlamvwini ezincane zezitshalo ezincane njengama-clove kuya kumantongomane noma ama-acorn.
Izinyoni zingadla izithelo ezinegobolondo eliqinile kanye namajikijolo anobuthi kubantu. Ekupheleni kobusika nasentwasahlobo, amahlumela namaqabunga amasha abe yinto ephambili ekudleni. iyaqoqwa ngokwengeziwe. Ububanzi bokudla buhluka ngokwendawo. Izinambuzane ezincane nezibungu zazo zivame ukubuthana ngamanani amangalisayo. Ngokugaya, amatshe amancane angama-1-5 mm noma, uma lokhu kwehluleka, kuthathwa izingxenye zamagobolondo omnenke noma amathambo amancane. Ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa, abesifazane bavame ukugwinya amatshe amatshe omcako.
Ukufunwa kokudla kwenzeka ikakhulukazi emhlabathini. Izinyoni kwesinye isikhathi zidlula eqhweni elisha kuze kufike ku-30-35 cm ukujula.Imvamisa ukudla kuqoqwa ngesimo sezinto ezincane, izingcezu zemikhiqizo emikhulu.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-pheasants kuqukethe:
- imbewu;
- amajikijolo;
- amahlumela;
- okusanhlamvu;
- izithelo;
- izinambuzane;
- izibungu;
- amacimbi;
- iminenke;
- izintethe;
- izibungu;
- amakhilikithi;
- ngezinye izikhathi ezihuquzelayo ezincane;
- izibankwa.
Ama-peasants aklaba ekuseni kakhulu nakusihlwa. Izitshalo ezibalulekile zezolimo ezidliwa yizinyoni ummbila, ukolweni, ibhali nefilakisi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Pheasant bird
Ama-pheasants yizinyoni zomphakathi. Ekwindla, bathutheleka ndawonye, imvamisa ngamaqembu amakhulu, baye endaweni enendawo yokuhlala nokudla. Imvamisa indawo yokuhlala enkulu yasebusika incane kunangesikhathi sokufukamela. Imihlambi eyakhiwa ebusika ingaxubeka noma ibe yibulili obufanayo futhi ingaqukatha abantu abangafika kwabangu-50.
Lezi zinyoni zihamba kancane kepha zingakhombisa ukuthambekela kokufuduka kuye ngokutholakala kokudla nesembozo. Ukufuduka kwebanga elifushane kubonakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, lapho isimo sezulu esibanda siphoqa izinyoni ukuthi zithole izimo ezipholile. Ukuhlakazwa kweqembu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kunalokho kuhamba kancane kunokuba kubukhali, abesilisa bahamba kuqala.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Le nyoni isebenzisa uthuli ukugeza, ukufaka izinhlayiya zesihlabathi nokungcola ezinhlakeni zayo ngokugoqa ngomlomo wayo, ngokunwaya izidladla zayo phansi, noma ngokunyakazisa amaphiko ayo. Lokhu kuziphatha kusiza ukususa amaseli we-epidermal afile, uwoyela owedlulele, izimpaphe ezindala, namagobolondo ezimpaphe amasha.
Ama-pheasants ajwayelekile achitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emhlabathini futhi aphumule kokubili emhlabathini nasezihlahleni. Bangabagijimi abasheshayo futhi banendlela enhle. Ngenkathi zondla, zigcina umsila uvundlile, kanti ngenkathi zigijima, ziwugcina use-engela lama-degree angama-45. Ama-pheasants angabashayeli bezindiza abakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokusuka, zingahamba cishe zibheke phezulu. Abesilisa bavame ukukhala lapho behamba. Bayabaleka lapho besatshiswa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-bird pheasant enhle
Ama-pheasants yizinyoni zesithembu, owesilisa oyedwa unabafazi bezinsikazi eziningana. Zizala ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (maphakathi noMashi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni), abesilisa bakha izindawo zokuzalela noma amabandla. Lezi zindawo zihlobene nezindawo zabanye abesilisa futhi azinayo imingcele ecacile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abesifazane abayona indawo. Ema-harem abo esizwe, bangabonisa ukubusa okuphezulu. Lezi zinduna zingaba nabesifazane abasukela kwababili kuya kwabangu-18. Owesifazane ngamunye uvame ukuba nobudlelwano bodwa besikhathi esisodwa nowesilisa oyedwa wendawo.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Abesifazane bakhetha abesilisa abaqavile abangahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abesifazane bathanda imisila emide kwabesilisa nokuthi ubude bezindlebe nobukhona bamachashazi amnyama kuma-braids nakho kunomthelela ekukhetheni.
Izidleke ziqala ngaphambi nje kokuba abesifazane baqale ukubeka amaqanda. Insikazi ikhipha ukucindezeleka okungajulile emhlabathini endaweni enotshani obuhle, ibeke kuyo izinto zezitshalo ezifinyeleleka kalula. Ujwayele ukubeka iqanda elilodwa ngosuku kuze kubekwe amaqanda ayi-7 kuya kwayi-15. Ukuhlangana okukhulu kwamaqanda kwenzeka lapho abesifazane ababili noma ngaphezulu bebeka amaqanda esidlekeni esisodwa. Insikazi izohlala eduze kwesidleke, ifukamele amaqanda cishe usuku lonke, ishiye i-clutch ekuseni nantambama ukuze idle.
Umthwalo omkhulu wokukhulisa amaphuphu uwela kowesifazane. Ngemuva kokuthi akhe isidleke futhi abekele amaqanda, owesifazane unesibopho sokuwafukamela. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-23 ngemuva kokubekwa kweqanda lokugcina. Lapho amaphuphu echanyuselwa, yinsikazi kuphela ewanakekelayo. Amachwane ambozwe ngokuphelele phansi nangamehlo avulekile lapho echanyuselwa. Bangakwazi ngokushesha ukuhamba futhi balandele insikazi emithonjeni yokudla. Cishe izinsuku eziyishumi nambili ubudala, amaphuphu amancane angandiza futhi ngokuvamile ahlala nowesifazane izinsuku ezingama-70 kuya kwezingama-80 ngaphambi kokuba azimele.
Izitha zemvelo zama-pheasants
Ama-pheasants amadala angazingelwa phansi noma endizeni. Ezinye izimpendulo zabo zokuziphatha engozini zifaka ukuhlehla ukuze bacashe noma ukundiza, futhi bangandiza, bacashe noma babaleke ngokuya ngezimo. Abesifazane bangabonisa iphiko eliphukile ngomzamo wokuphazamisa umhlaseli esidlekeni, noma bahlale ngokuthula nangokuthula. Lapho kuzingelwa amaphuphu, ngokuvamile kuthathwa angaphezu kwelilodwa ngesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvezwa kwezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu kuyimbangela yokufa kwamachwane.
Ukuzingela umdlalo ngabantu kuyinkinga enkulu yama-pheasants. Zisengozini enkulu lapho zizalela. Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga we-pheasants ahlobene kakhulu nokubhujiswa kwendawo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukonakaliswa kwendawo okuhlala kuyo kwenza izilwane zibe sengozini yokuhlaselwa yizilwane ezizingelayo. Bekucatshangwa ukuthi izidlo eziyinhloko zama-pheasants zingama-coyotes, kepha lapho zibona indlela eziziphathe ngayo amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, kwavela ukuthi ama-coyotes agxila ekufuneni kwawo ukudla kumagundane nakunogwaja.
Izilwane ezihlasela kakhulu ezihlasela ama-pheasants amadala noma izidleke zazo yi-fox ejwayelekile, i-skunk enemigqa ne-raccoon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ububanzi obubanzi nobubanzi bendawo yama-coyotes buholela ekwehleni kwesibalo salezi zilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane eziyingozi kakhulu.
Izilwane ezidla kakhulu ezaziwa ngama pheasants yilezi:
- izimpungushe (i-Vulpes Vulpes);
- izinja ezifuywayo (Canis lupusiliaris);
- ama-coyotes (Canis Latrans);
- izimbila (Taxidea taxus);
- imink (Neovison Vison);
- i-weasel (Mustela);
- ama-skunks anemigqa (M. mephitis);
- ama-raccoon (iProcyon);
- izintombi eziyizintombi (B. virginianus);
- ama-buzzard anomsila obomvu (B. jamaicensis);
- i-buzzard enamahlombe abomvu (B. lineatus);
- I-Upland Buzzard (B. lagopus);
- Onogada baka-Cooper (A. cooperii);
- i-goshawk (A. gentilis);
- ohephetshe be-peregrine (F. peregrinus);
- i-harrier yensimu (C. cyaneus);
- ukufohla ufudu (C. serpentina).
Izidleke ezintathu nezine zezinyoni ezindala, ngaphandle kokuzingelwa, zihlaselwa ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezizingelayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Pheasant eRussia
Ama-pheasants ajwayelekile asakazekile futhi isimo sabo sokongiwa asikhathazi kangako. Inani labantu eYurophu lilinganiselwa ku-4,140,000 - 5,370,000 ngazimbili, okulingana nabantu abangu-8,290,000 - 10,700,000 abavuthiwe. I-Europe ibanga kuphela u-5% wobubanzi bomhlaba jikelele balezi zinyoni, ngakho-ke isilinganiso sokuqala sabantu bomhlaba singama-165,800,000 - 214,000,000 avuthiwe, yize kudingeka ukuqinisekiswa okunembe kakhudlwana.
Inani labantu lisabalele kulo lonke uhla lwalo, kepha amanani ayancipha endaweni ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala nokuthungathwa. Abantu balinganiselwa ukuthi bayanda eYurophu. Abantu basendle bavame ukulekelelwa ngamanani amakhulu ezinyoni zokudubula ezithunjiwe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: E-Azerbaijan, ama-talischensis subspecies asengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala nokuzingela okungalawulwa, futhi alukho ulwazi oluthembekile mayelana nesimo salo samanje. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, inombolo ingabantu abangama-200-300 kuphela.
Inyoni ye-pheasant inebanga elikhulu ngokwedlulele futhi, ngakho-ke, ayisondeli kumanani womkhawulo wezinhlobo ezisengozini ngokosayizi webanga. Ngenkathi ukuthambekela kwabantu kubonakala sengathi kuyehla, ukwehla akukholakala ukuthi kushesha ngokwanele ukusondela emikhawulweni yamathrendi wabantu abasengozini. Inani labantu likhulu ngokwedlulele ngakho-ke alisondeli emikhawulweni yalabo abasengozini ngombandela wobungako besibalo sabantu. Ngokwesisekelo salezi zinkomba, izinhlobo zithathwa njengezingeyona ingozi kangako.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 20.06.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 07/05/2020 ngo-11: 40
