Amabhu ahlukanisiwe angumndeni omkhulu wezimvemvane ze-motley, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane futhi kwasatshalaliswa kuyo yonke iplanethi ngaphandle kwamazwe e-permafrost. Uvemvane olunamabala unesimilo esizolile, ngisho nokubaleka kwabo uqobo kubonakala sengathi bayalala futhi bayavilapha - banobuthi futhi cishe abazesabi izidlakela. Zivame ukuba izinambuzane zasengadini.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Izimvemvane ezinamabala
Izimvemvane zokuqala zavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyi-140 edlule - kukhona izinsalela ezigcinwe kahle ezitholakala ku-amber, ngakho-ke ukubukeka kwazo kusungulwa ngokuthembekile. Ngeshwa, izinsalela zezimvemvane ezingagugi azivamile uma kuqhathaniswa, ngoba imizimba yazo intekenteke futhi ayigcinwanga kahle.
Ngakho-ke, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi empeleni, izimvemvane kungenzeka zindala kunezinsalela ezindala kakhulu ezitholakele, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi zavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-200-250 edlule. Izimbali zazo zihlotshaniswa nezitshalo eziqhakazayo - njengoba zisakazeka kuyo yonke iplanethi, izimvemvane eziningi zanda.
Izimbali zaba umthombo omkhulu wokudla, futhi ekukhipheni umpe, izimvemvane zathola i-proboscis - namaphiko amahle afana nezimbali. Okokuqala ukuvela kwakungemvemvane yasebusuku (i-motley), kwathi kuphela lapho i-diurnal (inundu) yavela. Ukwahlukaniswa kube semini nasebusuku kunalokho kungqubuzana - ngokwesibonelo, inundu elinamachashazi elingezimvemvane zasebusuku, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye iningi lazo zinhlobo eziguqukayo.
Ividiyo: Uvemvane lunamabala
Ngakho-ke, ipharamitha yokhiye kusengamadevu. Izimvemvane zeMotley zivele kuqala, futhi ingxenye enkulu yazo zincane futhi zindala kakhulu. Lokhu kusebenza kancane kunundu elinamachashazi - linamaphiko alula, yingakho indiza kancane futhi ngokungahambi kahle, kepha isedlula ngosayizi nobunkimbinkimbi bedivayisi, cishe noma iluphi uvemvane lwasebusuku.
Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi amabhu ahlukahlukene avele muva nje, yize imininingwane yemvelaphi yawo ingaziwa kubaphenyi: inani elincane lokutholwa kwezimvemvane zezinsalela ezithintekayo liyathinta. Ngokuqondene ne-paris uqobo, lo ngumndeni omkhulu, ohlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-1 000, futhi ezintsha zisatholakala ngezikhathi ezithile.
Incazelo yayo yesayensi yenziwa nguPierre André Latrei ngo-1809, ngesikhathi esifanayo leli gama lanikezwa ngesiLatini - iZygaenidae. Imikhakha nezinhlobo ezifakiwe emndenini zihlukene kakhulu, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuyiqonda, ngokubuka nje izimvemvane zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ukuthi zihlobene kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Uvemvane olunobuthi lunamabala
Umzimba ohlobene nezimpiko zamalungu amaningi omndeni mkhulu, ngenxa yalokho abukeka ekude nokuba ntekenteke nangomusa njengezinye izimvemvane. Ithinteke ngokuba ngezimvemvane ze-motley, ezahluke ngesakhiwo kusuka kokujwayelekile kwasemini. Futhi, umzimba unamachashazi amnyama.
Amaphiko, kuye ngohlobo lwawo, ayehluka kwesinye isikhathi, kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-60 mm - ngakho-ke, amabhu amachashazi ngawezimvemvane ezincane noma eziphakathi nendawo. Bangaba ne-proboscis yomabili akhule kahle futhi ancishiswe ngokuqinile. Azikho izikali kuso. Izinduku, zombili umhlathi kanye nelabial, zifushane kuma-partidos.
I-Antennae ingahluka, noma ngabe ikhubaza kanjani kuze kube sekupheleni, okungukuthi, i-clavate. Kukhona variegated futhi chitosem - kukhona bristles elise ekhanda, ukudlala indima isitho sezinzwa.
Iningi lamalungu omndeni ahlukaniswa ngombala ogqamile kakhulu oshayayo - lokhu kubonakala ngisho nasegameni. Ithoni enkulu yamaphiko imvamisa imnyama, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma iluhlaza okotshani, kanti futhi ivame ukuba namachashazi - aphuzi, awolintshi noma abomvu. Imvamisa i-motley monochromatic noma isondele kulokhu, futhi imane iphaphathekile.
Banombala ogqamile ngesizathu, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso kuzidliwayo sokuthi uvemvane luyingozi kuzo - iqiniso ukuthi izibungu ezinamachashazi zinobuthi, ubuthi buthelelana emizimbeni yabo, ikakhulukazi i-hydrocyanic acid. Izilwane eziningi ezidle i-motley zizofakwa ubuthi - okungenani, kuzodingeka zihlupheke kakhulu, noma umphumela obulalayo kungenzeka.
Le uvemvane futhi lunenye indlela yokuvikela: uma iphazamisekile, ingakhipha uketshezi olunephunga eliqukethe ubuthi. Akuzona izimvemvane ezindala kuphela ezinobuthi, kepha nezibungu nazo.
Uhlala kuphi uvemvane lolunemabala?
Isithombe: uvemvane iMotley eRussia
Abamele umndeni basatshalaliswa cishe kuyo yonke iplanethi, ngaphandle kwamakhona abanda kakhulu, lapho izimvemvane zivele zingahlali khona. Vele, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinamabanga azo, kunezindawo ezilandelayo zokusatshalaliswa kwemikhaya:
- IZygaeninae ihlala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia, nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika;
- I-Chalcosiinae ikhetha i-Asia eseningizimu-mpumalanga, ngaphandle kwayo nayo ingatholakala, kepha ayijwayelekile futhi nezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela;
- Ama-Procridinae atholakala cishe yonke indawo, yize enemvamisa engalingani - inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo, kanye nabantu bezimvemvane uqobo, bahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo;
- I-Phaudinae, kanye ne-Callizygaeninae, yimikhaya emincane engajwayelekile enezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo zezilwane, itholakala kuphela esifundeni saseNdiya naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Ngokuvamile, ama-marshmallows athanda izifunda ezifudumele, futhi eziningi zazo zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Isimo sezulu esipholile sibampofu kakhulu kulezi zimvemvane, kodwa futhi sinezinhlobo zaso ezihlukile. Baphinde bathande umoya oswakeme, ngoba endaweni eseduze nolwandle ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-1 000 ukusuka ogwini kunokuningi kakhulu kunaphakathi kwezwekazi.
Bahlala ezindaweni ezicebile ngohlaza, lapho kuzoba lula khona ukuzondla bona futhi babekele amaqanda, okungukuthi, izimbali nezitshalo zefolishi zikhula ziseduze. Imvamisa kuba yidlelo noma ingadi - zaziwa njengezilokazane zasengadini, ngoba zihlala emaqenjini amakhulu futhi zingadla izitshalo ezithile ngokoqobo.
Udlani uvemvane olunemishwe?
Isithombe: Umvemvane weMotley ovela eRed Book
Izimvemvane ezindala zidla kakhulu umpe futhi azilimazi. Izintandokazi zingahluka kakhulu kusuka ezinhlotsheni kuya ezinhlotsheni, kepha ezindaweni ezipholile, lezi zivame ukuba yizimbali kanye nezimbali zensimu.
Njenge:
- i-clover;
- insimbi;
- idandelion;
- i-aster;
- i-narcissus;
- i-cornflower;
- i-gentian;
- ukuqhakaza uSally;
- i-crocus;
- ibhotela.
Olunye usizi olwehlukile lungase luphuze ubisi oluvuthiwe ezihlahleni noma izithelo ezibolile. Kunoma ikuphi, ngesimo se-imago, abagxambukeli kubantu, inkinga kuphela kwizibungu - kungenxa yabo ukuthi, uma izimvemvane ezinjalo zisensimini, zidinga ukuqothulwa ngokushesha. Kungaba nezibungu eziningi, futhi zivame ukondla amaqabunga neziqu zezihlahla zensimu nezihlahla.
Ukuhlasela kwabo kungaba ngaphansi kwalokhu:
- amagilebhisi;
- ipulamu;
- ipheya;
- okusamathunduluka;
- Isihlahla se-Apple;
- i-sorrel;
- uphizi;
- imidumba.
Lezi zimvemvane azindizeli kude, futhi uma sezivele zivele engadini yakho, inani lazo lonke lingahle lichamusele maduzane, futhi ngeke kube khona kuphila kusuka ezihlahleni kuya ezihlahleni - esinye sazo singaba namakhulu amaningana, okuzonciphisa kakhulu ukuzala kwaso.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umzimba wamabhu amaningi umbozwe izinwele ukusabalalisa isignali yamalulwane - ngosizo lwawo bathola izinambuzane, bese bezibamba, kepha ukubamba amabhu akulula neze. Ezinye zinezindlebe ezizwela nge-ultrasound, kuthi lapho zizwa ukuthi ilulwane liseduze, uvemvane luwele phansi futhi lukugwema ukuhlangana nalo. Kukhona ngisho nokunye okukhipha isignali yokuphendula, kudide i-bat.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izimvemvane ezinamabala
Iningi lezimpukane eziguquguqukayo ngenkuthalo emini bese liphumula ebusuku. Yize kukhona okuhlukile - ezinye izinhlobo zindiza ncamashi ebusuku, njengamanye amabhu, zivame ukundiza zibheke emalambini futhi zidlule ngamawindi akhanyisiwe. Esikhathini esiningi abantu be-motley bathanda ukukhanya kwelanga nokufudumala, imvamisa bangabonakala begcwala emisebeni, besonga amaphiko abo.
Idizayini yamaphiko abo isencane kakhulu - lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imvamisa abazingelwa emoyeni, ngakho-ke ama-partidos abengenazo izisusa eziningi zokuthuthukisa amaphiko abo njengezinye izimvemvane eziningi. Ngenxa yalokho, zindiza kancane kakhulu, futhi indiza yazo ibukeka inzima.
Ucezu olubanjiwe lungazenza ngathi lufile. Izinga lokwesaba liyehluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwazo - ezinye zinamachashazi, kuze kube yilapho kuboniswa ubudlova obusobala kubo, ngokuvamile buzolile, buvumela abantu ukuba bazibambe ngokukhululeka futhi bangazami nokundiza.
Isimilo esinjalo esizolile sithuthukiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi zisongelwa izingozi ezimbalwa, futhi asikho isidingo sokwesaba yonke imvunge - uvemvane olujwayelekile alunakukwazi ukuzola okunjalo, ngoba umzuzu nomzuzu, noma indiza, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukuzingela ...
Impilo yama-partidos izolile futhi iyalinganiswa: lapho kuphuma ilanga, zindiza ziphume ziyodla izitshalo eziqhakazayo, zindiza kancane ziye komunye nomunye, imvamisa ziseduze nezinye izigaxa, ngamaqembu wonke. Ngokuvamile, abajwayele ukuhamba ibanga elide futhi bangachitha impilo yabo yonke engadini efanayo noma edlelweni elifanayo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ukubhangqa kwezimvemvane ezinamabala
Amaqanda abekwa entwasahlobo. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kungaba okukodwa noma kumugqa. Usayizi weqanda ucishe ube uhhafu wemilimitha, zihlangene, ziphuzi ngombala. Kuthatha isibungu cishe isonto nengxenye ukuqandusela.
Unohlobo lokuvikela - angadonsela ikhanda lakhe esifubeni. Umzimba wakhe wonke nawo uvikelekile: umbozwe ama-bristles. Kepha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inobuthi, ngenxa yokuthi izidalwa ezingavamile zibeka engcupheni yokuwuhlasela, iningi lawo lazi kahle ukuthi awudli.
Ngemuva kokudla nokukhula kahle, isibungu siya "ebusika". Lokhu kungabizwa kanjalo ngemibandela, ngoba ubusika bungaqala kubo ngoJulayi, uma lezi izibungu zesizukulwane sokuqala, zokuqala, noma ngo-Agasti ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo. Lokhu kusezindaweni ezipholile, ezindaweni ezishisayo, izizukulwane ezintsha zivela unyaka wonke.
Bachitha isikhathi esiningi ebusika - kuze kufike inkathi efudumele elandelayo. Ngemuva kwalokho bayavuka baphinde baqale ukushwabadela amaqabunga noma amaqabunga, ngoba kuthatha amandla amaningi ukuphenduka uvemvane. Sebenqwabelene izinqolobane ezanele, ekugcineni bafunda, bese bephenduka abantu abadala.
Ngakho-ke, kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ukusuka ekubekeni iqanda ukuze ube umuntu omdala. Uvemvane ngokuvamile alundizeli kude, futhi luyanda engadini efanayo lapho luvele khona uqobo - ngenxa yalokho, uma ungathathi izinyathelo ngokumelene nabo ngesikhathi, ngemuva konyaka ingadi ingagcwaliswa ngokoqobo ngabo, engeke neze izuze ukuzala kwayo.
Izitha zemvelo zezimvemvane ezinamabala
Isithombe: uvemvane iMotley ngokwemvelo
Ngenxa yobuthi bezitha, ichashaza linezitha ezimbalwa ngokwedlulele zombili ngesimo sesibungu nangemva kokuguqulwa kwazo kube imago. Iningi lezilwane ezidlayo ziyethuka ngombala noma iphunga lento eliyikhiphayo uma isengozini - zombili zikhomba ukungasebenzeki.
Noma kunjalo, ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zingagaya futhi zizingele izimvemvane ezinjalo. Uhlu lwezitha ze-motley lungahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi luhlobo luni lwalo, kepha kaningi lubandakanya:
- amabhungane omhlabathi;
- coccinelids;
- izicabucabu;
- izimbungulu ezidlayo;
- izibungu zezimpukane ze-sirfid.
Labo ababaliwe kababesabi ubuthi behhashi elinezimagqabhagqabha, kodwa bavame ukuzingela amaqanda nezibungu zalo, futhi imago ingazizwa iphephile - yizicabucabu ezinkulu kuphela ezishisayo ezingayisongela.
Isitha esibalulekile esinamachashazi, cishe esibi kunazo zonke ngabantu. Ngenxa yokuthi izinambuzane ezinamachashazi ziyizinambuzane zasengadini, futhi zinobungozi obukhulu, zilwa ngenhloso ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali, aqeda inani lawo elikhulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nabantu bonke.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kukhona namachashazi amanga - kulula kakhulu ukudidanisa okwangempela nawo ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle. Ngasikhathi sinye, bangabemindeni ehlukene - ichashaza elingelona iqiniso lingele-Erebids (i-Erebidae), kepha lihola indlela yokuphila efanayo necezwana langempela, futhi lingatholakala nasemikhakheni efanayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ze-motley zamanga - cishe i-3,000.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: uvemvane iMotley eRussia
Ngokuvamile, njengomndeni wama-partidos, akukho okusongelayo - zanda ngokushesha, futhi lapho kuhlala khona izimvemvane ezimbalwa, ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa kungahle kube nenkulungwane. Ngisho nokulwa nazo akusizi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqeda ngokuphelele lezi zinambuzane, futhi imvamisa kunciphisa inani lazo labantu kumanani amukelekile.
Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuzala kwawo ngokushesha, lezi zimvemvane ziyaqina kakhulu. Kepha kukhona okunye okuhlukile - abahlali ngokulinganayo endaweni enkulu, kepha bahlala kuma-foci, aminyene kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwama-foci anjalo kunganciphisa kakhulu ububanzi bezinhlobo, futhi uma bekungasakazeki kakhulu, kubeke engcupheni.
Kungakho, yize izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukanisiwe zibanzi kakhulu kunalokho abantu abebengathanda, futhi ziningi zazo, kunezinhlobo ezingavamile ezisondelene nokuqothulwa futhi zithathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa emazweni noma ezifundeni ezithile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Cishe izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-18 zingezizimvemvane ze-equine, zishintsha isikhathi. Kungase kubonakale ukuthi lokhu kuningi, kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-raznoushivye - cishe izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-150. Esikhathini esiningi, amabhu mancane ngosayizi futhi ahlelwe kudala, kepha ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo phakathi kwawo kuyamangalisa.
Ngakho-ke, kanye namabhu amancane kakhulu, amabele weSaturnia namaphaphu oklebe kungokwabo - amaphiko abo angadlula ku-150 mm. Kunamabhu amaningi kakhulu hhayi kuphela ngenani lezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa futhi ngobuningi, futhi ebusuku kunenombolo enkulu nje yeLepidoptera.
Ukuvikelwa kwezimvemvane ezinamabala
Isithombe: Umvemvane weMotley ovela eRed Book
Izinyathelo zokuvikela amabhu amachashazi zingasungulwa futhi zisetshenziswe ngokuhlukile, kuya ngezwe noma isifunda lapho kuthathwa khona izinhlobo ezithile zezimvemvane ngaphansi kokuvikelwa. Lezi zifunda zibandakanya iYurophu, i-Southeast Asia, amazwe aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika - kuzo zonke kunamachashazi angavamile futhi avikelwe ngokomthetho.
Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, ezinye izinhlobo zithathwa njengezingajwayelekile noma ezisengozini; kunalokho kusetshenziswa izindlela ezisebenzayo kuzo - ngemuva kwakho konke, izimvemvane zihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi isibalo sabantu kulula ukusibuyisa ngisho noma sehlela emazingeni aphansi.
Izinhlobo eziningi ezinamachashazi zifakiwe kwiRed Data Books eRussia. Isibonelo, eMoscow, lezi zinhlobonhlobo: osterodskaya, honeysuckle, ipea kanye ne-meadowsweet. Inani labantu ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo kufanele lubhekwe futhi kuhlonzwe izindawo zokuhlala njengoba zivela.
Uma indawo enjalo itholakele, iyabhaliswa bese kuvikelwa yona. Futhi, ukuze kulondolozwe izimvemvane, izimfunda ezisogwini lwamachibi kanye nasemahlathini, imiphetho isala iqinile. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimfunda ezindaweni zokuhlala zamachashazi angavamile kuyalawulwa. Zibuyiselwa ezindaweni ezifanelekile. Kuthathwa izinyathelo zokunciphisa umthelela wezinto ezingezinhle, ngokwesibonelo, ukwahlukaniswa kwabantu ngenxa yokwakhiwa noma imigwaqo emisha, ukubhujiswa kwamakhambi, nokunye okunjalo.
Yize izinambuzane zitholakala phakathi kwamabhu anamachashazi, lo ngumndeni othakazelisa kakhulu, futhi uhlanganisa nezinhlobonhlobo zezimvemvane - ukwehluka kwazo kuphakame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Lezi zimvemvane zihlaba umxhwele esimweni sazo sokuzola - eziningi zazo ngokuvamile aziyona into yokwesaba abantu. Noma uvemvane lunamabala futhi iphindaphindeka ngokushesha, kukhona nezinhlobo ezingavamile ezidinga ukuvikelwa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: Juni 24, 2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-21: 25
