Isiphambano isiphambano - leli yiqembu elikhulu lama-arachnids, abalelwa ezinhlotsheni ezingamakhulu ayisithupha, cishe ingxenye eyodwa nohhafu kuya kwamashumi amabili kuwo atholakala eRussia. Abamele lolu hlobo batholakala yonke indawo, batholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe. Indawo yabo abayithandayo yizindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu. Imvamisa zingena endlini yomuntu.
Lezi zigcawu zibizwa ngokuthi iziphambano ngenxa yombala oyingqayizivele endaweni engemuva. Kukule ngxenye yomzimba izicabucabu ezinephethini eyingqayizivele ngesimo sesiphambano, okuyisici salolu hlobo lwe-arthropod kuphela. Ngosizo lwalesi sici, zethusa izinyoni kanye nabanye abamele izimbali nezilwane, ezingakunaki ukudla izicabucabu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ukuwela kwesicabucabu
Iziphambano zingabameleli bohlelo lwezicabucabu, okungaphansi kwe-araneomorphic spider, umndeni we-Araneidae, kanye nohlobo lweziphambano.
Namuhla, ososayensi bangacacisa kuphela isikhathi sokuvela kwama-arthropods asendulo. Igobolondo le-chitinous lalaba abamele izimbali nezilwane libola ngokushesha okukhulu, kungashiyi lutho. Izinsalela ezimbalwa ze-arthropods zasendulo zitholakale ezingxenyeni ze-resin eqinile, noma ku-amber. Namuhla, izazi zezilwane zibiza isikhathi esiseduze sokubonakala kwama-arachnids - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-200-230 edlule. Izicabucabu zokuqala zazinosayizi omncane kakhulu womzimba, ongadluli uhhafu wesentimitha.
Ividiyo: Isiphambano isiphambano
Isakhiwo somzimba wabo naso sasihluke kakhulu kwesesimanje. Izicabucabu zaleso sikhathi zazinomsila, owawuhloselwe ukwenza izintambo zesicabucabu eziqinile. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izigaxa zesicabucabu kwakusetshenziselwa ukwenza imigoqo yazo, noma izindawo zokukhosela, kanye nokuvikela ukubamba kwamaqanda ekulimaleni nasekuqothulweni. Ngenkathi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, umsila we-arthropods yasendulo wawa. Kodwa-ke, umshini wesimanje wokuphotha, onawo manje, awuzange uvele ngokushesha.
Izicabucabu zokuqala zavela ngokusobala kuGondwana. Ngemuva kwalokho zisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu cishe kuyo yonke indawo yomhlaba. Iminyaka elandelayo yeqhwa yanciphisa kakhulu izindawo abahlala kuzo. Ama-arthropod abonakala ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo okushesha kakhulu, lapho izicabucabu zishintshele ngaphandle ngokuya ngesifunda okuhlala kuso, kanye nokuba sezinhlotsheni ezithile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esikhulu
Njengabanye abamele ama-arachnids, umzimba wesicabucabu uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: i-cephalothorax nesisu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banezinsumpa ze-arachnoid nezinsimbi zokuhamba ezimelwe yisinqe, ingxenye yamadolo, i-shin, i-forefoot, i-paws ne-claw. Izicabucabu nazo zine-chelicerae kanye ne-pedipalps.
Iziphambano zinosayizi womzimba omncane. Abamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane bachaze ukufiphala kocansi - abesilisa baphansi kakhulu kunabesifazane ngosayizi womzimba. Isilinganiso sobude besifazane singu-2.0-4.5 cm, kanti leso sowesilisa ngu-1.0-1.2 cm.
Umzimba we-arthropod umbozwe ulwelwesi lwe-chitinous olunemibala yesihlabathi, izinambuzane ezivame ukuchitheka ngesikhathi se-molting.
Izicabucabu zinemilenze engu-12:
- i-chelicerae eyodwa, inhloso enkulu yayo ukulungisa nokubulala inyamazane ebanjiwe. Le mibhangqwana ibhekiswe phansi;
- amabhangqa amane emilenze yokuhamba anezipho kuzipho;
- i-pair of pedipalps, eyenzelwe ukulungisa inyamazane yabo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi idamu lisengxenyeni yokugcina yalezi zingalo emadodeni, lapho kugelezela khona isidoda, okuthe kamuva kudluliselwe esikhunjeni sowesifazane.
Iziphambano zinamabili ngamehlo amane, kepha athuthukile kahle. Umbono kulaba abamele i-arthropods awuthuthukisiwe kahle, bangahlukanisa kuphela ama-silhouettes nezinhlaka ezijwayelekile. Umuzwa wokuthinta usebenza njengendawo yokukhomba esikhaleni esiseduze. Lo msebenzi wenziwa yizinwele ezimboza cishe wonke umzimba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Emzimbeni wesicabucabu kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinwele zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Uhlobo ngalunye lubhekene nokwamukela izinhlobo ezithile zolwazi: ukukhanya, umsindo, ukunyakaza, njll.
Isisu sesicabucabu siyindilinga. Azikho izingxenye kuso. Ebusweni obuphezulu kunephethini yesiphambano echazwe kahle. Engxenyeni yayo engezansi kunezimbhangqwana ezintathu zezinsumpa ezikhethekile zesicabucabu. Kukulezi zinsumpa lapho kuvuleka khona izinkulungwane zezindlala, ezikhiqiza ubulembu besicabucabu obuqinile nobuthembekile.
Uhlelo lokuphefumula lutholakala esiswini futhi lumelwe amasaka amabili wamaphaphu kanye nethambo elinomhubhe. Inhliziyo ingemuva. Inesimo sethubhu nemikhumbi egatshiwe isuka kuyo.
Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu esiphambanweni?
Isithombe: Isiphambano se-Spider eRussia
Izicabucabu zalolu hlobo zibonakala ngokusatshalaliswa kabanzi. Bahlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe ase-Eurasia. Futhi kuvame kakhulu eNyakatho Melika.
Iziphambano zikhetha izindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu, ukukhanya kwelanga okuncane namazinga okushisa aphezulu emoyeni. Izicabucabu zithanda ukuhlangana emaphethelweni ehlathi, emadlelweni, ezingadini nasemasimini. Indlu yokuhlala yabantu nayo iyathinteka. Uma sezisendaweni yokuhlala, izicabucabu zikhuphukela emifantwini noma emajoyini phakathi kwezindonga, izindawo ezingafinyeleleki, izikhala phakathi kwefenisha nodonga, njll. Imvamisa iziphambano zitholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezimila eziseduze nedamu.
Tindzawo tekuhlala:
- insimu cishe yayo yonke iYurophu;
- IRussia;
- Afrika;
- Amazwe ase-Asia;
- I-America esenyakatho.
Izicabucabu zikhetha ukuhlala lapho kulula khona futhi kulula ukweluka amanetha okubamba, lapho inani elanele lezinambuzane kungenzeka liwele khona. Ensimini yaseRussia, iziphambano zivame ukutholakala emapaki nasezikweleni zedolobha.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona isicabucabu esiphambanweni. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Isicabucabu esiphambanweni sidlani?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esiphambanweni ngokwemvelo
Isiphambano sikude kakhulu nommeleli ongenangozi wama-arthropods. Kungenxa yezinhlobo ezinobuthi zama-arachnids, futhi ngokwemvelo kubhekwa njengomzingeli. Uhamba ngokuzingela kaningi ebusuku.
Uyini umthombo wokudla:
- izimpukane;
- omiyane;
- izimvemvane;
- kabi;
- i-aphid.
Ukuphuma uyozingela, isiphambano sise maphakathi newebhu futhi siba yiqhwa. Uma umbona ngalesi sikhathi, kubonakala sengathi ufile. Kodwa-ke, uma isisulu sibanjwa enetheni, isicabucabu sigxumela izitho zaso zombili ezingaphambili kuso ngejubane lombani, sijova ushevu. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane, ukudla okungaba khona kuyayeka ukumelana. Iziphambano zingayidla khona manjalo, noma ziyishiyele kamuva.
Laba bameleli bama-arachnids babhekwa njengokudla. Ukuze bathole okwanele, badinga inani lokudla ngosuku eleqa isisindo sabo somzimba. Ngalesi sizathu, izicabucabu zichitha cishe usuku lonke zizingela. Baphumula ikakhulu emini. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphumula, intambo yesiginali ihlala iboshelwe kolunye lwezitho zocezu lwesiphambano.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isicabucabu esiphambanweni asidli wonke umuntu owela emanetheni aso okubanjwa. Uma isinambuzane esinobuthi sizishaya, noma leso esikhipha iphunga elibi noma isinambuzane esikhulu, isicabucabu simane silume imicu yokulungisa bese siyidedela.
Ama-arthropod anohlobo lwangaphandle lwendlela yokugaya ukudla. Abakwazi ukugaya ukudla bebodwa. Bavame ukuyigaya kancane ngosizo lobuthi obufakiwe. Kuphela ngemuva kokuthi izibilini zesinambuzane esibanjiwe ziphenduke into ketshezi ngaphansi kwethonya lobuthi, izicabucabu ziyayiphuza. Futhi, izicabucabu kaningi, ngemuva kokukhubaza isisulu, zisigoqa ngomgoqo wewebhu yazo. Kubuye kube nenqubo yokugaya ingxenye.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isiphambano esivamile sesicabucabu
Izicabucabu zingama-arthropods asebusuku, avame ukusebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi bezingela futhi abanakho ukuphumula okuncane. Izindawo lapho kunenani elikhulu lomswakama nokukhanya kwelanga okuncane okuqinisekile kuzokhethwa njengezindawo zokuhlala.
Amawebhu avame ukwelukwa phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla, izihlahla, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimila, izindwani zotshani, njll. Ngokwazo zitholakala endaweni ecashile eduzane nenetha labo lokubamba. Imicu yesicabucabu ekwazi ukuluka izicabucabu iqine kakhulu futhi iyakwazi ukubamba izinambuzane ezinkulu ngokwanele, ezinobukhulu bazo obuphindwe kaningana kunomzimba wesicabucabu uqobo.
I-Krestoviki ibhekwa njengabasebenzi abasebenza kanzima, njengoba beluka ngokungakhathali izingodo zabo. Bavame ukuluka ama-webs amakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi zingakulungele ukubamba inyamazane, ziyayihlakaza futhi ziluke amanetha amasha.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isicabucabu asisoze sabhajiswa emanetheni aso okubamba, ngoba sihlala sihamba siqonde emzileni othile wezindawo ezinganamatheli.
Izicabucabu ziphinde zeluke iwebhu ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izitha eziyinhloko zeziphambano ziyashintsha futhi zizizingela emini. Izicabucabu ngenkathi zakha inetha lokubamba zibonisa ukunemba, imininingwane kanye nokuphelela. Endleleni yokuphila kwabo, abathembeli ekubukeni, kepha ekuthinteni. I-Krestovik ihola impilo yokuphila yedwa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ukuwela kwesicabucabu
Kuyo yonke intwasahlobo nasehlobo, abesilisa bamatasa bakha izigaxa nokunikeza ukudla okwanele. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa bashiya izindawo zabo zokuhlala baqala ukufuna ngenkuthalo insikazi yokukhwelana. Ngalesi sikhathi, abadli lutho, okuchaza umehluko omkhulu kangaka phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
Iziphambano ngezama-arthropods e-dioecious. Isikhathi sokumataniswa nokuqomisana kwabesifazane sivame kakhulu ebusuku. Kuqukethe ukusebenza kwemidanso eyehlukile ngabesilisa, equkethe ngokuthepha ngemilenze yabo. Ngemuva kokuba owesilisa ekwazile ukufinyelela ngemilenze yakhe ekhanda lowesifazane, ukudluliswa kuketshezi lwesidoda kuyenzeka. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, iningi labesilisa libulawa uketshezi olunobuthi lwabesifazane.
Isikhathi somshado siwela ekupheleni kwenkathi yehlobo, ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Insikazi yenza umfece ngewebhu, lapho ifaka khona amaqanda. Imfece eyodwa ingaqukatha amaqanda anemibala yoju asuka kwamakhulu amathathu kuya kwayisikhombisa. Ekuqaleni, insikazi izigqokisa le cocoon, bese ithola indawo ecashile bese iyifihla. Ukhokho ufihla ngokuthembekile inzalo yesikhathi esizayo emvuleni, emoyeni nasemakhazeni. Entwasahlobo, izicabucabu ziqala ukuvela emaqandeni. Isikhathi esifushane ziphakathi kukakhukhunathi, bese ziphuma kuwo zisakazeke ngezindlela ezihlukile. Iziphambano ezincane ngokushesha zizimele futhi ziholele indlela yokuphila engayedwa.
Ngemuva kokuthi izicabucabu zishiye umfece, zizama ukuhlukanisa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokubheka ukuncintisana okuphezulu kanye nethuba lokuba ngukudla kwabantu asebekhulile, isinyathelo esinjalo sizokwandisa kakhulu amathuba okusinda.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abasha abasanda kuzalwa banemilenze emincane futhi ebuthakathaka, ukuze bahlukane, basebenzisa iwebhu, lapho bengandiza kuze kube ngamakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa, inqobo nje uma kunomoya.
Iziphambano zivumelana kahle nezimo ezintsha. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi bavame ukukhanyiswa ngabathandi babameleli abangaphandle bezimila nezilwane njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukulondolozwa kwazo, inani elanele le-terrarium lisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka isikhala sobulembu obukhulu ngokwanele.
Izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu sezicabucabu
Isithombe: Isicabucabu sowesifazane esiphambanweni
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-crusader ibalwa phakathi kwezicabucabu eziyingozi, ezinobuthi, unezitha. Kungukunciphisa amathuba okudliwa ukuthi asebenze kakhulu ebusuku. Izitha eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lwe-arthropods zingabizwa ngokuthi izinyoni, kanye nezinambuzane - ama-parasites. Ezinye izinhlobo zeminyovu nezimpukane zilinda isicabucabu ukuba sibambe kwiwebhu yaso ngokulindela isisulu esilandelayo, sindiza siye kuso bese sibeka amaqanda emzimbeni ngaso leso sikhathi.
Kamuva, kuvela kubo izibungu zama-parasite, empeleni, ezondla ngaphakathi kwesicabucabu. Lapho inani lama-parasites landa, badla isicabucabu besaphila. Ama-Crusaders mancane ngosayizi, okuvame ukuholela ekutheni bona ngokwabo baba yizisulu zamanye ama-arachnid amakhulu. Izitha zamabutho empi yenkolo zihlanganisa nama-amphibian athile, njengezibankwa noma amasele.
Izitha eziyinhloko zesicabucabu se-spider e-vivo:
- ama-salamanders;
- ogebhezi;
- ama-iguana;
- amaxoxo;
- ama-hedgehogs;
- amalulwane;
- izintuthwane.
Umuntu akasona isitha sesicabucabu. Esikhundleni salokho, ama-crusaders kwezinye izimo angalimaza impilo yabantu. Akujwayelekile ukuthi bahlasele kuqala. Lapho behlangana nomuntu, laba bameleli be-arthropods bayashesha ukucasha. Kodwa-ke, uma bezwa ingozi, bayahlasela. Ngenxa yokulunywa, umuntu omdala onempilo ngeke afe, noma kunjalo, nakanjani uzokuzwa ukungakhululeki kanye noshintsho enhlalakahleni ejwayelekile.
Umphumela wokulunywa isiphambano ubuhlungu, isiyezi, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuvuvukala, ukunikezwa kwesiza sokuluma. Ngokuvamile, zonke izimpawu ezingenhla ziyanyamalala ngaphandle kwemithi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ukuwela kwesicabucabu
Namuhla, isicabucabu sesicabucabu sithathwa njengommeleli ovame kakhulu wama-arachnids. Ihlala kakhulu endaweni yase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika.
Isicabucabu sihlanganisa inqwaba yezinhlobo ezingaphansi zezicabucabu. Ezinye zazo zisatshalaliswe endaweni enkulu, ezinye zinendawo yokuhlala elinganiselwe kakhulu. Isibonelo, isicabucabu sempisi yaseHawaii sihlala kuphela endaweni yesiqhingi saseKautai.
Isicabucabu, ososayensi abasibiza ngokuthi umzingeli onemigqa, sisakazeke cishe kuyo yonke indawo yaseYurophu. Azikho izinhlelo ezikhethekile nemisebenzi ehlose ukugcina nokwandisa inani lama-arthropods.
Emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, abantu banabaholi benkolo yenkolo njengesilwane esiyingqayizivele e-terrarium. Isicabucabu sempi iyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi uma isinambuzane noma i-arthropod inobuthi, kufanele nakanjani ibhujiswe. Kuyinkohliso. Umuntu kufanele aqonde ukuthi uma isixhumanisi esibaluleke kangaka njengezicabucabu sinyamalala, umonakalo ongenakulungiswa uzodalwa kumhlaba womhlaba.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06/21/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-13: 34
