U-Argiope Brunnich kuvame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwegama elithi spider spider. Lokhu kungenxa yemibala egqamile, ekhumbuza kakhulu umbala wombuvu. Imivimbo egqamile ephawulekayo nayo yaba yisizathu selinye igama - isicabucabu sehlosi. Imvamisa, umbala ogqamile ukhombisa ukuthi lesi sinambuzane siyingozi futhi sinobuthi.
Ngenxa yokuthi isicabucabu se-wasp sivame kakhulu kwezinye izindawo zaseRussia, kubalulekile ukwazi kahle ukuthi kufanele yini ukwesaba isinambuzane lapho sihlangana. Izazi zezilwane zithi ngokungangabazeki izicabucabu zibhekwa njengoshevu, kodwa ubuthi bazo abuyona neze ingozi kubantu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Argiopa Brunnich
I-Argiopa Brunnich ingeyama-arachnid arthropods, imele ukuhleleka kwesicabucabu, umndeni wezicabucabu ze-orb-web, uhlobo lwe-Argiopa, uhlobo lwe-Argiopa Brunnich.
Isicabucabu sathola igama elithi Argiope ngokuhlonipha inymph yasendulo yamaGrikhi. Cishe eminyakeni engamakhulu amathathu edlule, kwakuyisiko ukunika izinambuzane amagama ezidalwa zasendulo zamaGrikhi zaphezulu. UBrunnich igama lomcwaningi, isazi sezilwane esivela eDenmark, owabhala i-encyclopedia enkulu yezinambuzane ngo-1700.
Ividiyo: Argiopa Brunnich
Kunzima ukuthola isikhathi esiqondile semvelaphi kanye nezigaba zokuvela kwalezi zinhlobo ze-arthropods. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ungqimba oluvikelayo, lwe-chitinous lubhujiswa ngokushesha. Izinsalela ezimbalwa zezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wokhokho basendulo bama-arachnids zazivame ukugcinwa ku-amber noma ku-resin. Kwakungalezi zitholakele ezavumela ososayensi nabaphenyi ukuthi baphakamise ukuthi ama-arachnids okuqala avele eminyakeni engama-280 - 320 yezigidi edlule.
Ukutholwa okudala kakhulu kwe-arthropod kwatholakala endaweni yasePeople's Republic of China yanamuhla. Uma kubhekwa izitho zomzimba ezikhishwe ku-amber, ama-arthropods angaleso sikhathi ayemancane ngosayizi, angadluli amamilimitha ayisihlanu kuya kwayisithupha. Ngokusho, babenomsila omude, owanyamalala enqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Umsila wawusetshenziselwa ukwenza lokho okuthiwa yi-spider web. Okhokho basendulo be-arthropods babengazi ukuthi baluka kanjani ama-cobwebs, babemane bakhiphe imicu enamathelayo ngokungazibandakanyi, ababeyisebenzisa ukubopha izindawo zabo zokuvikela, ukuvikela imifece.
Esinye isici sezici zesicabucabu sasendulo kwakuyi-cephalothorax ecishe ihlukane nesisu. Izazi zezilwane ziphakamisa ukuthi indawo yokubukeka kwesicabucabu yiGondwana. Ngokufika kwePangea, izinambuzane zaqala ukusabalala cishe ngejubane lombani ezweni lonke. Ngokuqala kweminyaka yeqhwa, indawo yezinambuzane yehle kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Spider Argiope Brunnich
I-Argiope Brunnich ithathwa njengesicabucabu esiphakathi nendawo. Usayizi womzimba ungamasentimitha angu-2,5-5. Kodwa-ke, abantu abadala kwezinye izindawo bangadlula lawa masayizi. Abantu balolu hlobo babonakala nge-dimorphism yezocansi. Abesilisa baphansi kakhulu kunabesifazane ngosayizi. Usayizi womzimba wabo kuyaqabukela weqa isentimitha. Ngaphezu kosayizi wazo, kulula ukuzihlukanisa ngeso lenyama ngokubukeka nombala wazo.
Abesifazane banesisu esikhulu, esiyindilinga, esihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwemivimbo emnyama egqamile nephuzi. Imilenze emide yowesifazane nayo inemivimbo elula. Kwabesilisa, umzimba uzacile futhi uvulekile. Umbala uyi-nondescript, ompunga noma isihlabathi. Indawo yesisu ilula ngandlela thile; inemivimbo elula yokukhanya. Kukhona nemivimbo ezithweni zeduna. Noma kunjalo, zifiphele futhi azicaci. Ububanzi bezitho bukhulu impela. Kwabanye abantu, kufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10-12.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izicabucabu zinamabhangqa ayisithupha emilenze, amane awo asebenza njengemilenze, kanti amabili asetshenziswa njengemihlathi!
Ama-pedipalps amafushane abukeka njengezintambo. Isisu, siyisicaba ngaphakathi, sinezinto ezingajwayelekile eceleni komugqa ngendlela yamazinyo. Uma ubheka isicabucabu ngezansi, ungahle ucabange ukuthi ubheke uphatheni onemilenze. Umbala okhanyayo, onamanzi uvumela izicabucabu ukuthi zigweme isiphetho sokudliwa izinyoni nabanye abazingeli bezinambuzane.
Izicabucabu zinobuthi. Kodwa-ke, umuntu akakwazi ukudala umonakalo omkhulu. Isilinganiselo esingenzeka lapho beluma siyasha, ububomvu bendawo yokuluma, umuzwa wokuba ndikindiki, ukuvuvukala.
Uhlala kuphi u-Argiope Brunnich?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esinobuthi u-Argiope Brunnich
Indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo zama-arachnids ibanzi ngokwanele. Singasho ngokuzethemba ukuthi izinambuzane zihlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba.
Izindawo ze-arthropods ezihlala kuyo:
- Afrika;
- IYurophu;
- I-Asia Minor;
- I-Asia Ephakathi;
- EJapan;
- Kazakhstan;
- Isifunda esiseMpumalanga ye-Ukraine;
- I-Indonesia;
- China;
- I-Russia (iBryansk, iLipetsk, iPenza, iTula, iMoscow, i-Oryol, iVoronezh, i-Ulyanovsk, iTambov nezinye izifunda).
Ngama-60s kanye nama-70s, iningi labantu base-Argiopa Bryukhin laligxile ngaphakathi kwamazinga angama-52-53 degrees latitude latitude. Kodwa-ke, sekuvele ngawo-2000, imininingwane yaqala ukugeleza ngokutholakala kwesinambuzane ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, abantu abatholakele bahlala enyakatho kakhulu kwesifunda esishiwo. Izazi zezilwane zithi le ndlela engajwayelekile yokusabalalisa ama-arachnids yenziwa lula amandla angajwayelekile okuhamba - emoyeni.
Ukudalulwa kwalezi zinhlobo ze-arthropods zezinhlobo ze-xerophilic zohlaza kwembuliwe. Zikhetha ukuhlala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezimila zemifino nezihlahlana. Zivame ukutholakala ezinhlangothini zemigwaqo, emaphethelweni amahlathi.
Izicabucabu zithanda izindawo ezivulekile, ezinelanga. Bathanda umoya omusha, owomile futhi abakwazi neze ukumelana nomswakama omkhulu nezimo ezibandayo. Isikhathi esiningi, isicabucabu se-wasp sithande ukuba selangeni elivulekile. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zohlaza, bancamela ukuhlala ezitshalweni eziphansi ezikhula ezindaweni ezomile, ezivulekile ezinelanga.
Manje uyazi lapho u-Argiope Brunnich ahlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Udla ini u-Argiope Brunnich?
Isithombe: Argiope Brunnich, noma isicabucabu se-wasp
Izicabucabu ze-wasp zibhekwa njenge-omnivorous arthropods. Izinambuzane zingumthombo wokudla oyinhloko. Izicabucabu zibathola ngamawebhu abo. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi abanakho okulingana nekhono lokweluka iwebhu. Inetha likhulu impela futhi linokuma kwesondo. Isici esivelele sewebhu yalezi arthropods ukuba khona kwemigqa ye-zigzag. Inethiwekhi enjalo ingumsizi onokwethenjelwa enqubweni yokuthola ukudla. Izicabucabu zidla ngenjabulo noma yiziphi izinambuzane ezingangena kuwo.
Siyini isisekelo sokudla se-argiopa:
- izimpukane;
- omiyane;
- izintethe;
- amabhungane.
Ukuma okuqondile kwewebhu kuvumela izicabucabu ukuthi zibambe izinambuzane eziningi kakhulu. Izicabucabu ze-Tiger zihlanganisa ubuthi, lapho zikhubaza isisulu, zivimbela ukukhishwa kwaso enetheni. Izwa ukudlidliza emanetheni, i-arthropod isondela masinyane kusisulu sayo, iyilume, ifake ushevu ngaphakathi bese ilinda kancane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imvamisa, ngemuva kokuthi izinambuzane eziningana zibhajwe enetheni ngasikhathi sinye, zibheka enye indawo bese ziluka inetha elisha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuxwayiswa kwezicabucabu, ezesaba ukwethusa izisulu ezintsha ezingaba izisulu.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ubuthi buqala ukusebenza. Kukhubaza isisulu futhi kuncibilikise ingaphakathi lesinambuzane. Izicabucabu bese zimane zincela okuqukethwe ngaphakathi, zishiya igobolondo langaphandle. Imvamisa ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi idla umlingani wayo uma elambile kakhulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Argiopa Brunnich
I-Argiope Brunnich ayisona isinambuzane esizimele yodwa. Izicabucabu zalolu hlobo zivame ukuhlangana ngamaqembu, inani lazo elingafinyelela kubantu abangamashumi amabili nambili. Lokhu kudingekile ekuhlinzekelweni kokudla okuphumelela ngokwengeziwe, kanye nokuzalanisa nokukhulisa inzalo. Kuleli qembu, isikhundla esiphambili sithathwa ngowesifazane. Inquma indawo yokuhlala yeqembu. Ngemuva kokuhlaliswa kabusha, inqubo yokweluka inetha lokubamba iyaqala.
Ama-arthropods avame ukuhola impilo yasemhlabeni. Ukuze bazitholele umthombo wokudla, izicabucabu ziluka iwebhu. Zingezesicabucabu - ama-orb webs. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-spider web elukwe nguye inephethini enhle ngesimo sosayizi omncane wemesh.
U-Argiopa weluka amanetha abo ebumnyameni. Kuthatha cishe imizuzu engama-60-80 ukwenza iwebhu. Ngesikhathi sokuluka amanetha abo, abesifazane bavame ukutholakala maphakathi nenetha elibanjwa elinemilenze eyeluliwe. Ubulembu buvame ukubekwa emahlamvini, izindwani zotshani, noma kwezinye izindawo lapho kungabanjwa khona izinambuzane. Ngemuva kokuthi yonke into isilungile, isicabucabu sihlala ngezansi, bese silinda isisulu saso.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-arthropod izwa usongo olusondelayo, icwila masinyane ebusweni bomhlaba bese iphenduka isisu sayo phezulu, ifihle i-cephalothorax. Kwezinye izimo, ama-argiopes aqala ukushwiba kuwebhu ukuzivikela. Imicu inempahla yokubonakalisa imisebe yelanga, yakhe indawo enkulu ecwebezelayo, isabisa izitha ezingaba khona.
Izicabucabu zinikezwe ngokwemvelo isimo sokuzola, azithambekele ekuboniseni ulaka. Uma umuntu ehlangana nesicabucabu esinjalo ezimweni zemvelo, angasithwebula ngokuphepha noma asihlolisise eduze. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kobumnyama, noma lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, izicabucabu azisebenzi kakhulu futhi azisebenzi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Spider Argiope Brunnich
Abesifazane bakulungele ukungena emshadweni ekugcineni kwe-molt. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka lapho kuqala isikhathi sokwindla. Kungemva kokuphela kwe-molt lapho umlomo wowesifazane uhlala uthambile isikhashana, okushiya abesilisa ithuba lokusinda ngemuva kokukhwelana. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusizi njalo ukuthi abesilisa basinde. Ngokubeka amaqanda, abantu besifazane badinga kakhulu amaprotheni, umthombo wawo ongaba umlingani.
Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, abesilisa babheka eduze bese bekhetha insikazi abayithandayo. Baseduze isikhashana. Lapho owesilisa esondela kumlingani ongamthanda amthandayo, imicu yenetha yokubamba ayidlidlizi, njengalapho inyamazane ibahlasela, nowesifazane uyabona ukuthi sesifikile isikhathi sokukhwelana. Kujwayelekile ukuthi abesilisa “bavale” owesifazane okhethiwe ukuze kungabi bikho abanye abafakizicelo abakwazi ukumvundisa.
Cishe ngemuva kwenyanga kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, isicabucabu sizalela amaqanda. Ngaphambi kwalokho, uluka imfece eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, kuyo ngayinye abekela amaqanda angamakhulu amane. Ngemuva kokuthi imifece isigcwele, insikazi iwalungisa asondele kuwebhu yayo enemicu ethembekile, eqinile.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngemuva kokuthi amaqanda afihlwe emiphongolweni futhi abambeke ngokuqinile emagatsheni, noma ezinye izinhlobo zezimila, insikazi iyafa.
Kule mifece, amaqanda asinda ebusika. Izicabucabu zizalwa ngamaqanda entwasahlobo kuphela. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, abantu balolu hlobo baye bancintisana kakhulu ukuze baphile. Ukushoda kokudla esikhaleni esivalekile sikakhokho kunomthelela ekutheni izicabucabu ezinamandla zidla ezibuthakathaka nezincane. Labo abasindile baphuma ngaphandle komfece bakhuphukela phezulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zohlaza. Baphakamise isisu badedele iwebhu. Kanye nomoya, izigaxa nezicabucabu zithwalwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ukuphila okugcwele kwesicabucabu izinyanga eziyishumi nambili ngokwesilinganiso.
Izitha zemvelo ze-Argiope Brunnich
Isithombe: I-Argiope Brunnich enobuthi
I-Argiopa Brunnich, njengezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane, inezitha eziningi. Imvelo ibanikeze umbala ogqamile, ongajwayelekile wezicabucabu, ngenxa yokuthi bayakwazi ukugwema ukuhlaselwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni. Izinyoni zibona umbala ogqamile njengophawu kanye nesibonakaliso sokuthi lesi sinambuzane sinoshevu futhi sisongela impilo ukusidla.
Izihlobo zesicabucabu aziyona ingozi kumngani. Abalwi ngezindawo, imingcele, noma abesifazane. Izicabucabu ezincane eziqanduselwa emaqandeni zivame ukudlana zodwa zisesekukhokho. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lezinambuzane. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi izicabucabu zivame ukudlula izinhlobo zezitshalo ezinambuzane, futhi iwebhu eqinile ibavikela ngokuthembekile ezinambuzaneni ezidlayo.
Amagundane, amaxoxo, izibankwa ziyingozi kusicabucabu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, izicabucabu ziyakwazi ukwehlula lezi zidalwa eziyingozi. Bavame ukuzivikela. Ukuze benze lokhu, bathungula ubulembu, obuchungechunge bukhanya elangeni futhi bathuse labo abazodla i-arthropods. Uma lokhu kungasizi, izicabucabu zigqashula iwebhu futhi zimane ziwele otshanini. Kunzima ukubathola lapho. Ngaphezu kwamagundane nezibankwa, iminyovu nezinyosi kubhekwa njengezitha ze-Argiopa Brunnich, enobuthi obubulala izicabucabu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Spider wasp - Argiope Brunnich
Kuze kube manje, inani lalezi zinhlobo ze-arthropods alisongelwa. Ezifundeni ezijwayelene naye, uhlala ngobuningi obanele. Lezi zigcawu zenziwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ngabathandi bezilwane ezingajwayelekile emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuthandwa kwayo kungenxa yokwanda kwayo, ukungadingi ukudla okunomsoco nokugcinwa kwayo, nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu. Azikho izinhlelo ezikhethekile kunoma yiliphi izwe noma isifunda lapho kuhlala khona isicabucabu, lapho izicabucabu zivikeleke khona ngokwemvelo noma iziphathimandla zendawo.
Umsebenzi wolwazi wenziwa nabantu ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona izicabucabu. Abantu bayaziswa ngemithetho yokuziphatha lapho behlangana nezicabucabu, ngezinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ngokushesha uma kukhona ukuluma okwenzekile. Izingane nezingane zesikole bachazwa ngengozi yalolu hlobo lwesicabucabu, nokuthi kumele baziphathe kanjani lapho behlangana naso ukuze bagweme ukulunywa yisinambuzane esiyingozi.
U-Argiope Brunnich kubhekwa njengommeleli we-arthropods, okunzima ukudida nanoma ngubani. Indawo esatshalaliswa kuyo inkulu impela, ngakho-ke ingatholwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Ukulunywa isicabucabu cishe ngeke kubulale umuntu omdala, onempilo. Noma kunjalo, kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu. Uma isicabucabu sisakwazi ukuluma umuntu, udinga ukufaka ngokushesha amakhaza kusayithi lokuluma futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: Juni 17, 2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-18: 41
