Isicabucabu sikabhanana, noma njengoba ibizwa kanjalo, umeluki wegolide, noma isicabucabu samasosha azulazulayo, kubhekiselwa kwizicabucabu ezinobuthi. Ku-2018, waze wangena nakwiGuinness Book of Records ngenxa yobuthi obuqinile bukashevu wakhe. Imithi yesimanje iqhubekele phambili kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi odokotela bafunde ukwenza ikhambi. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa inani lokufa ngemuva kokulunywa yi-arthropod.
Isicabucabu sibizwa ngokuthi isicabucabu sikabhanana ngoba sivame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesithelo noma ngaphakathi kwesigaxa sikabhanana. Ngakho-ke, isakazeka cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba futhi idala ingozi enkulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Isicabucabu sikabhanana
Isicabucabu sebhanana ngesama-arachnid arthropod, sinikezwe ukuhleleka kwesicabucabu, umndeni weNephilidae, uhlobo lweNephila.
Izicabucabu zingabameleli abahlukile bezitshalo nezilwane. Kuphela bavame ukuluka iwebhu futhi babe nezidladla eziyi-8. Lezi zici zenze ososayensi basendulo bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zidalwa azivelanga eMhlabeni, kodwa zavela lapha zivela kwiplanethi ehluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, izinsalela zokhokho basendulo bezicabucabu zanamuhla ezitholwe kamuva zenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuphikisa lo mbono.
Ososayensi banamuhla abakakwazi ukuthola isikhathi esiqondile sokuvela kwezigcawu emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igobolondo le-chitinous lama-arachnids libhujiswa ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwezinsalela ezimbalwa zokhokho basendulo bama-arachnid anamuhla, asekhona kuze kube namuhla ngenxa yama-amber noma izingcezu ze-resin eqinile.
Ividiyo: Banana Spider
Ngokusho kokutholakele okumbalwa, ososayensi bakwazi ukubiza isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokuvela kwama-arachnids - cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-200-250 edlule. Izicabucabu zokuqala zazibukeka zehluke kakhulu kunabameleli banamuhla balolu hlobo. Babenosayizi omncane kakhulu womzimba nomsila, okwenzelwe ukweluka iwebhu. Ukwakhiwa kwemicu enamathelayo kungenzeka bekungazibandakanyi. Le micu ayizange isetshenziselwe ukweluka iwebhu, kepha yayiklama izimbobo zayo futhi igcine imifece.
Ososayensi babiza uGondwana ngendawo okwenzeka kuyo ama-arachnids. Ngokufika kwePangea, ama-arachnid ayekhona ngaleso sikhathi asakazeka ngokushesha ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Izikhathi zeqhwa ezalandela zanciphisa kakhulu izifunda zendawo ye-arachnid emhlabeni.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, izici zomsebenzi obalulekile nokubukeka kwesicabucabu sebhanana zachazwa ngumcwaningi waseJalimane uMaximilian Perti ngo-1833. Wamnika igama, okuhunyushwe ngokususelwa esiGrekini kwahunyushwa ngokuthi "umbulali".
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isicabucabu sikabhanana eMelika
Ukubukeka kwesicabucabu sebhanana akunazici ezithile noma izici ezihlukile. Kungadideka kalula nganoma yisiphi esinye isicabucabu. Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu sine-dimorphism yezocansi eshiwo kakhulu - abesifazane bacishe baphindwe kabili kunabesilisa ngosayizi nangesisindo somzimba.
Izici ezihlukile zokubonakala kwamasosha azulazulayo:
- ubukhulu bomzimba - 1.5-4.5 amasentimitha;
- izitho ezinde, ubukhulu bazo kwabanye abantu bufinyelela amasentimitha ayi-15. I-chelicerae kubantu abaningi inombala onsundu, obomvu ngokumnyama. Lokhu kuyethusa ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezimisele ukuzingela izicabucabu. Kwezinye izitho kukhona izindandatho eziguqukayo, ezinombala ngombala omnyama;
- umzimba uboniswa izingxenye ezimbili: isisu esiyi-convex kanye ne-cephalothorax;
- umzimba umbozwe uboya obukhulu, obuqinile;
- umbala uyimpunga emnyama, eduze komnyama. Abanye abantu banombala omnyama obomvu, we-burgundy;
- umbala we-arthropod uncike esifundeni nasendaweni yokuhlala, ngoba umbala womzimba usebenza njengesifihla;
- umugqa omnyama ugijima emzimbeni.
Imilenze emide iluphawu lwesicabucabu sikabhanana. Azisetshenziswa njengezinto zokuhamba kuphela, kepha futhi njengezitho zokuthinta nephunga. Ziqukethe ama-receptors amaningi aphezulu. Kunamaphara ayi-8 wezitho ezibonakalayo ekhanda. Ngenxa yezitho eziningi zombono, zinikezwa ukubuka okungama-360-degree. Abakwazi ukuhlukanisa kahle hhayi kuphela izithombe ezicacile, kodwa futhi nezithunzi, ama-silhouettes ngamanye. Izicabucabu zikabhanana zinempendulo enhle kakhulu, esheshayo yokunyakaza.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isici esivelele sesosha elizulazulayo sithathwa njengesimo sesici saso kuphela. Lapho ehlasela, ume ngezinyawo zakhe zangemuva, aphakamise futhi asakaze imilenze yakhe yangaphambili. Kulesi sikhundla, ukulungele ukuhlaselwa umbani nokujova ushevu onobuthi kakhulu.
Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu sikabhanana?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu sikabhanana emabhanana
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezicabucabu zikabhanana ligxile eNingizimu Melika. Kodwa-ke, isicabucabu sikabhanana singatholakala nakwezinye izifunda.
Izindawo zokuhlala zesosha elizulazulayo:
- ICosta Rica;
- I-Argentina;
- EColombia;
- EVenezuela;
- I-Ecuador;
- IBolivia;
- Australia;
- Madagascar;
- IBrazil;
- I-Paraguay;
- I-Panama.
Okuhlukile yisifunda esisenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifunda saseNingizimu Melika. Imvamisa itholakala njengendawo yokuhlala emahlathini emvula asenkabazwe. Amaqabunga ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, anamathelene ndawonye, anikeza indawo yokuphephela ethokomele nephephile yezicabucabu. Yile ndlela izinambuzane ezingena ngayo ezihlahleni zikabhanana, futhi zihlangene namaqabunga nezithelo zezithelo. Isibonakaliso sokuba khona kwabo yisikhunta esimhlophe noma ama-cobwebs, kanye namaqhubu amnyama ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesithelo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Emzimbeni wezicabucabu zebhanana, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zesicabucabu, ayikho eyodwa, kepha izindlala ezinjalo eziyisikhombisa. Ngamunye wabo wenza umsebenzi wakhe. Kukhona indlala ebhekele ukuvikela imifece, noma ukulungisa isisulu, kanye nezindlala zokwenza iwebhu eqinile.
Ensimini yaseRussia, izicabucabu azitholakali ezimweni zemvelo. Zivame ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Akuvamile ukuthi izicabucabu zingene emigodini, ziphila impilo yokufuduka, zingacasha ngaphansi kwamatshe, iziqubu. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, izicabucabu zivame ukugibela ezindlini zabantu. Amasosha ajikelezayo awakubekezeleli ukushisa okukhulu, azama ukucasha emakhoneni acashile, okuyingozi enkulu kubantu abahlala endlini.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona isicabucabu sikabhanana. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Isicabucabu sikabhanana sidlani?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu sikabhanana
Amasosha azulazulayo abhekwa ngokufanele njengezinambuzane ezidla ezinye. Ziphila ngokudla noma yini ezingayibamba kumanetha azo okubamba. Futhi abakudeleli ukudla okuyimvelaphi yezitshalo - ubhanana, noma izithelo zezinye izihlahla zezithelo.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sefolishi:
- amabhungane;
- imidji;
- izinkumbi;
- amacimbi;
- izinambuzane;
- amanye, ama-arachnids amancane;
- izibankwa;
- izinhlobo ezahlukene zasemanzini;
- izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyoni ezincane;
- izinyoka;
- amagundane.
Izicabucabu zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuthola umthombo wokudla. Bangakwazi ukuluka amanetha okubamba aqinile ngendlela eyisimanga, abazihlinzekela ngawo ngokudla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kwezinye izimo, ubukhulu bomugqa wokudoba bungafinyelela kumamitha ama-2! Ihlala ngendlela eyisimanga, njengoba ikwazi ukugcina inyoni, isibankwa esincane noma inyoka ebanjwe kuyo.
Izicabucabu nazo zingazingela inyamazane eziyikhethile. Bakhetha umuntu ongaba yisisulu, bakudlule ngokuphazima kweso, bame ngemilenze yabo yangemuva bese behlasela, bejova umjovo obulalayo. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sikalo shevu, isisulu sikhubazekile futhi ingaphakathi laso ligaywe lincibilike. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izicabucabu zimane ziphuze okuqukethwe ngaphakathi kwesisulu sazo.
Ubuthi besicabucabu se-banana bubhekwa njengobuthi kakhulu. Ukubulala igundane eliphakathi nendawo, badinga kuphela ama-micrograms ayi-6 emfihlo enobuthi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isibambe esinye isisulu emanetheni aso aqinile, isicabucabu sowesifazane asijahi ukumbulala. Ixhoba likhubazekile ngokujova ushevu bese liqoqwa kusuka kuwebhu. Ngemuva kwalokho, imiswa isaphila. Ngakho inyamazane ingagcinwa isikhathi esithile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isicabucabu sikabhanana emvelweni
Izicabucabu zichitha isikhathi sabo esiningi kuwebhu abazenzayo. Ingatholakala ezakhiweni zokuhlala noma emagcekeni angahlali. Zikhetha ukuzingela ebumnyameni. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho iwebhu yabo iphonsa khona ukubonwa kwesiliva okuheha izisulu ezingaba khona. Izicabucabu zikabhanana zinekhono elihlukile lokweluka iwebhu. Izindlala ezikhethekile emzimbeni wazo zihlanganisa uketshezi oluthile, okuthi, lapho inkontileka yemisipha icubungula, luphenduke ubulembu.
Ukwalukwa kwewebhu kungokwabesifazane kuphela. Abantu besilisa bakhona ngokuzala kuphela. Eziduna zondla izinsalela zempango yowesifazane. Izicabucabu zikabhanana zehlukile ezihlotsheni zazo ngejubane lazo lokuhamba nokuphendula ngokushesha kombani. Izicabucabu azesabi ukuhlasela ngisho nalabo abamele izimbali nezilwane zasendaweni eziphakeme kubo ngosayizi, amandla namandla. Esikhathini esiningi, empini ebonakala ingalingani, izicabucabu ziyakwazi ukunqoba, ngoba zijova uju ushevu wazo onobuthi ngokushesha. Isayensi iyawazi amacala lapho izicabucabu zikwazi ukwehlula igundane labantu abadala.
Izicabucabu azijwayele ukuhlala phansi. Bahlala bezulazula, lapho bathola khona igama labo lesibili. Kaningi kufanele bahambe amabanga amade. Izicabucabu zinekhono lokugijima kakhulu hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokugxuma kakhulu. Umsebenzi omkhulu kunawo wonke ubonwa ebusuku. Emini, izicabucabu zicasha emahlamvu, emagatsheni ezihlahla nasezihlahleni eziseduze nezintambo zesicabucabu ezilukwe ngazo. Izinwele, noma amabristili, atholakala ezinyaweni, zikuvumela ukuba ukwazi ukusabela ekunyakazeni okuncane nasekunyakazeni kwezintambo zesicabucabu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isicabucabu sikabhanana
Abantu besilisa baphansi kakhulu kunabesifazane ngosayizi nesisindo. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, bathambekele ekuheheni ukunaka komlingani ongahle abe nohlobo lomdanso nokudansa kompompi ngemilenze yabo. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokukhwelana isiqediwe, isikhathi sokubekela amaqanda siqala. Izinsikazi zibopha amaqanda azibekele ngesikhukhukazi sezinhlamvana bese zilenga ngemicu eqinile. Izinsikazi ziqapha ngentshiseko imifece yazo kuze kube yilapho izicabucabu ziqhwaga kuzo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-25 kusukela ngesikhathi sokubekwa ku-cocoon, izicabucabu ezincane zivela emaqandeni.
Ubungako bukakhukhunathi owodwa ngamasentimitha amaningana. Kungase kube khona amakhokho amaningi anjalo. Sekukonke, insikazi eyodwa ingabeka iqanda elilodwa nohhafu iye kumakhulu amabili kuya ezinkulungwaneni eziningana zamaqanda. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sezicabucabu zikabhanana isikhathi esiningi siqala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli futhi sihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokukhwelana isiqediwe, owesilisa ngamunye uyaphunyuka ngokushesha, njengoba imvamisa abesifazane bemane bedla abalingani babo ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhwelana.
Izicabucabu zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zineminyaka emithathu. Phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-12 zokuqala zokuphila, zingamelana nemolotsha engafinyelela kweshumi nambili. Ngokukhula, inani le-molts liyancipha, futhi ubuthi besihlungu buyanda. Izicabucabu zikhula ngesikhathi se-molt. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphakathi sesicabucabu esisodwa ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka emi-3-5.
Izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu sikabhanana
Isithombe: Isicabucabu sikabhanana emabhanana
Ngaphandle kokuthi izicabucabu zikabhanana zibhekwa njengesinye sezidalwa eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ezinobuthi emhlabeni, zinezitha.
Izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu:
- umnyovu tarantula hawk. iminyovu enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwakho konke okukhona emhlabeni. Akabonakalwanga ngolaka. Akahlaseli ezinye izinambuzane, kuphela izicabucabu. Iminyovu yabesifazane iluma izinambuzane, izikhubaza ngoshevu wazo onobuthi. Ngemuva kwalokho, zibekela amaqanda emzimbeni we-arthropod bese zihudulela emgodini wazo. Ukufa kwesicabucabu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuthi ingaphakathi laso lidliwe yisibungu somnyovu esichanyuselwa eqandeni;
- ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni;
- ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezitholakala ehlathini;
- amagundane.
Izicabucabu zivame ukufa, zivikele labo ababa yingozi kubo. Izicabucabu azijwayele ukubaleka lapho kuvela ingozi; imvamisa bathatha indawo yokuzivikela futhi bazivikele. Izicabucabu zibhekwa njengolaka kakhulu futhi eziyingozi kakhulu. Ingozi kuphela emelwe ngamasosha abesifazane azulazulayo. Abesilisa abakwazi ukulimaza noma ubani, ingasaphathwa eyokubulala noma ngubani.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isicabucabu sikabhanana
Yize iqiniso lokuthi indawo yokuhlala ubhanana i-arthropods incane, inani labo namuhla alikho engozini. Ngokuvamile, lezi izicabucabu zihlala ehlathini, endaweni lapho kungekho izitha. Kubantu, la ma-arthropods ayingozi ngempela, futhi empeleni kunamacala okulunywa. Uma kwenzeka kushayisana nesicabucabu, ngenxa yalokho umuntu alunywe, kufanele ngokushesha ufune usizo olufanele lwezokwelapha.
Ngenxa yokuthi akukho okusongela izicabucabu, umthetho awuzange wenze noma yiziphi izindlela ezikhethekile noma izinhlelo ezihlose ukugcina inani lazo, noma ukuzikhulisa. Ngaphandle kokuthi indawo yendawo yemvelo yesicabucabu sikabhanana yiNingizimu Melika, bakhuliswa ekhaya ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Abazalisi bezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezingavamile, ezikhethekile futhi ezicaciswe kakhulu akufanele bakhohlwe ngengozi ehlala njalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthola isilwane esinjalo, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela izimo nemithetho yokugcinwa kwaso.
Izicabucabu zikabhanana zivame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngezithelo zegama elifanayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba, amacala okutholwa kwabo emabhokisini noma emaphakeji anobhanana ayarekhodwa. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lezi zithelo, kufanele uzihlole ngokucophelela ngaphandle ukuze ubekhona ubulembu, noma amaqhubu amnyama.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: Juni 16, 2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-13: 34
