Ngemuva kokunyamalala kwama-dinosaurs ebusweni bomhlaba, umhlaseli omkhulu wagibela phezulu kochungechunge lokudla ushaka megalodon... I-caatat kuphela ukuthi impahla yakhe yayingatholakali emhlabeni, kodwa eWorld Ocean. Lezi zinhlobo zazikhona ezikhathini zePliocene naseMiocene, yize abanye ososayensi bengakwazi ukwamukela lokhu futhi bakholelwa ukuthi bekungasinda kuze kube namuhla.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Shark Megalodon
I-Carcharocles megalodon iyinhlobo kashaka abangasekho bomndeni wakwa-Otodontidae. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini, igama le-monster lisho ukuthi "izinyo elikhulu". Ngokwalokho okutholakele, kukholakala ukuthi lesi silwane savela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-28 edlule, saze sanyamalala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2.6 edlule.
Iqiniso lokuzijabulisa: Amazinyo wesilwane esidlayo ankulu kakhulu kangangokuba isikhathi eside abhekwa njengezinsalela zamadragoni noma izinyoka ezinkulu zasolwandle.
Ngo-1667, usosayensi uNiels Stensen wabeka umbono wokuthi izinsalela zimane nje zingamazinyo kashaka omkhulu. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19 megalodon izisungule ngokwaso ngokwesigaba esibizwa nge-Carcharodon megalodon ngenxa yokufana kwamazinyo nalawo kashaka omkhulu omhlophe.
Ividiyo: Shark Megalodon
Ngawo-1960, isazi semvelo saseBelgium uE. Casier wadlulisela ushaka kuhlobo lweProcarcharodon, kodwa kungekudala umcwaningi uL. Glickman walubeka ohlwini lohlobo iMegaselachus. Usosayensi uqaphele ukuthi amazinyo oshaka ayizinhlobo ezimbili - anezinotshi futhi angenazo. Ngenxa yalokhu, lezi zinhlobo zasuka kolunye uhlobo zaya kolunye, kwaze kwaba ngo-1987 isazi saseFrance uCapetta sabeka lesi sidlakela kuhlobo lwamanje.
Phambilini, bekukholelwa ukuthi izilwane ezidlayo ziyafana ngokubukeka nokuziphatha koshaka abamhlophe, kepha kunesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu kanye ne-niche ehlukile yemvelo, isimilo se-megalodon sasihluke kakhulu kwizidlakela zesimanje, futhi ngokubukeka kufana kakhulu nekhophi enkulu koshaka besihlabathi ...
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Great shark megalodon
Ulwazi oluningi ngomhlali wasemanzini luvela emazinyweni alo atholakele. Njengabanye oshaka, amathambo e-giant ayenziwe ngamathambo, kepha ayenziwa uqwanga. Mayelana nalokhu, zimbalwa kakhulu izinsalela zezilo zasolwandle ezisindile kuze kube manje.
Amazinyo kashaka omkhulu yizinhlanzi ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ubude bafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-18. Akekho umuntu ohlala ngaphansi kwamanzi ongaziqhayisa ngamazinyo anjalo. Zifana ngesimo namazinyo kashaka omkhulu omhlophe, kodwa mancane kathathu. Wonke amathambo awakaze atholakale, kuphela amanye amathambo omgogodla. Ukutholwa okudume kakhulu kwenziwa ngo-1929.
Izinsalela ezitholakele zenza kube nokwenzeka ukwahlulela ubukhulu bezinhlanzi ngokujwayelekile:
- ubude - 15-18 amamitha;
- isisindo - amathani angama-30-35, kuze kufike kumathani angama-47.
Ngokwosayizi olinganiselwayo, i-megalodon yayisohlwini lwezakhamizi ezinkulu kakhulu zasemanzini futhi yayihambisana nabasosayensi, ama-deinosuchus, ama-pliosaurs, ama-basilosaurs, ama-ginosaurs, ama-kronosaurs, ama-purusaurs nezinye izilwane, osayizi wazo omkhulu kunezidliwayo eziphilayo.
Amazinyo ezilwane athathwa njengamakhulu kunabo bonke oshaka abake baphila eMhlabeni. Umhlathi wawufinyelela kumamitha amabili ububanzi. Umlomo wawuqukethe imigqa emihlanu yamazinyo anamandla. Inani labo selifinyelele izingcezu ezingama-276. Ukuphakama okuthambekele kungadlula amasentimitha angu-17.
Ama-vertebrae asekhona kuze kube namuhla ngenxa yokuxakaniseka okukhulu kwe-calcium, okusize ukuxhasa isisindo somzingeli ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla kwemisipha. Ikholomu ye-vertebral edume kakhulu etholakalayo ibinama-vertebrae ayi-150 afinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15 ububanzi. Yize ngo-2006 kwatholwa ikholomu yomgogodla enobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu bama-vertebrae - amasentimitha angama-26.
Ihlala kuphi i-megalodon shark?
Isithombe: Ushaka wasendulo iMegalodon
Izinsalela zezinhlanzi ezinkulu zitholakala kuyo yonke indawo, kufaka phakathi iMariana Trench, ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha angaphezu kwayishumi. Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kukhombisa ukulungiswa okuhle kwesidalwa kunoma yiziphi izimo, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibandayo. Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi laguquguquka cishe ngo-12-27 ° C.
Amazinyo oshaka nama-vertebrae atholakala ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene ezifundeni eziningi zeplanethi:
- IYurophu;
- INingizimu neNyakatho Melika;
- Cuba;
- E-New Zealand;
- Australia;
- E-Puerto Rico;
- India;
- EJapan;
- Afrika;
- EJamaica.
Ukutholwa emanzini amasha kuyaziwa eVenezuela, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwahlulela ukuzivumelanisa nokuba semanzini amasha, njenge-bull shark. Okutholakale okudala kunakho konke kusukela esikhathini seMiocene (eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-20 eyedlule), kepha kukhona nezindaba mayelana nezinsalela ezivela ezikhathini ze-Oligocene ne-Eocene (eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-33 nengama-56 edlule).
Ukwehluleka ukuthola isikhathi esibekiwe sokuba khona kwalezi zinhlobo kuhlotshaniswa nokungaqiniseki komngcele ophakathi kwe-megalodon kanye nokhokho wayo okuthiwa yi-Carcharocles chubutensis. Lokhu bekungenxa yokuguquka kancane kancane kwezimpawu zamazinyo enkambweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuqedwa kwemidondoshiya siwela emngceleni wePliocene nePleistocene, owaqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2,5 edlule. Abanye ososayensi bathi lesi sibalo siyiminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-1.7 edlule. Ngokuncika embonweni wezinga lokukhula koqweqwe lwenzika, abacwaningi bathola iminyaka eyizinkulungwane namakhulu eminyaka edlule, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yamazinga okukhula ahlukile noma ukumiswa kwawo, le ndlela ayithembeki.
Idla ini i-megalodon shark?
Isithombe: Shark Megalodon
Ngaphambi kokuvela kwemikhomo enamazinyo, izidlova ezinkulu zaziphethe phezulu kwephiramidi yokudla. Babengenakulingana ekutholeni ukudla. Ubukhulu bawo obukhulu, imihlathi enamandla namazinyo amakhulu kwabavumela ukuba bazingele inyamazane enkulu, okungekho shaki wanamuhla ongabhekana nayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izazi ze-Ichthyologists zikholelwa ukuthi umhlaseli wayenemihlathi emifushane futhi wayengazi ukuthi angabamba kanjani ngokuqinile isisulu futhi asihlukanise, kodwa kuphela waklebhula izingcezu zesikhumba nemisipha engaphezulu. Indlela yokudla kwe-giant yayingasebenzi kahle kunaleyo, ngokwesibonelo, iMosasaurus.
Izinsalela ezinemikhono yokulunywa koshaka zinikeza ithuba lokwahlulela ukudla komdondoshiya:
- imikhomo yesidoda;
- i-cetotherium;
- imikhomo ekhanda lomnsalo;
- imikhomo enemigqa;
- amahlengethwa ama-walrus;
- izimfudu;
- ama-porpoises;
- izinhlabamkhosi;
- izikhonkwane;
- kuvunywe ngabacephates.
IMegalodon yondliwa kakhulu ngezilwane ezinosayizi osukela kumamitha amabili kuya kwangu-7. Kakhulu le kwakuyimikhomo ye-baleen, ijubane layo laliphansi futhi babengakwazi ukumelana noshaka. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, iMegalodon ibisadinga isu lokuzingela ukuze ibabambe.
Izinsalela eziningi zemikhomo zabonisa izimpawu zokulunywa koshaka omkhulu, kanti ezinye zazo zaze zaphuma namazinyo amakhulu. Ngo-2008, iqembu le-ichthyologists libala amandla okulunywa ngumzingeli. Kuvele ukuthi ubephethe isisulu ngamazinyo akhe izikhathi eziphindwe kayi-9 kunanoma iyiphi inhlanzi yanamuhla futhi unamandla aphindwe kathathu kunengwenya ehlanganisiwe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Great shark megalodon
Ngokuyinhloko, oshaka bahlasela inyamazane ezindaweni ezisengozini. Kodwa-ke, iMegalodon yayinecebo elihluke kancane. Izinhlanzi ziqale zahlasela inyamazane. Ngendlela efanayo, baphula amathambo wesisulu balimaza nezitho zangaphakathi. Isisulu asisakwazi ukunyakaza kanti umhlaseli wasidla ngokuthula.
Ngokudla okukhulu kakhulu, izinhlanzi zazilunywa emisileni nasemaphikweni azo ukuze zingakwazi ukubhukuda, bese zibulawa. Ngenxa yokubekezela kwabo okubuthakathaka kanye nejubane eliphansi, ama-megalodon akakwazanga ukujaha inyamazane isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke bayihlasela besuka ekuqamekeleni, ngaphandle kokuzibeka engozini yokufuna isikhathi eside.
Esikhathini sePliocene, lapho kuvela ama-cetaceans amakhulu futhi athuthukile, iziqhwaga zolwandle kwakudingeka zishintshe isu lazo. Bazigwedle ngokunembile imbambo ukuze balimaze inhliziyo namaphaphu wesisulu, nengxenye ephezulu yomgogodla. Luma amaphiko namaphiko.
Uhlobo olwandile kakhulu ukuthi abantu abakhulu, ngenxa yokuhamba kancane komzimba wabo namandla abo angaphansi komzimba kunezilwane ezincane, badla izidumbu eziningi futhi abazingelanga kangako. Ukulimala kwezinsalela ezitholakele akukwazanga ukukhuluma ngamaqhinga esilo, kodwa ngendlela yokukhipha izitho zangaphakathi esifubeni sezinhlanzi ezifile.
Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukubamba ngisho nomkhomo omncane ngokuwuluma ngemuva noma esifubeni. Kungaba lula futhi kunengqondo kakhulu ukuhlasela isisulu esiswini, njengoba kwenza oshaka banamuhla. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ngamandla amakhulu amazinyo oshaka abadala. Amazinyo wabasha ayefana namazinyo oshaka abamhlophe banamuhla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ushaka wasendulo iMegalodon
Kukhona umbono wokuthi i-megalodon yaphela ngesikhathi sokuvela kwe-Isthmus yasePanama. Ngalesi sikhathi, isimo sezulu sishintshile, imisinga efudumele yashintsha izinkomba. Kulapha lapho kutholakala khona ukuqoqwa kwamazinyo amawundlu esigebenga. Oshaka bachamisela inzalo emanzini angajulile futhi izingane zazihlala lapha okokuqala empilweni yazo.
Kuwo wonke umlando, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthola indawo eyodwa efanayo, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ayikho. Kungekudala ngaphambi kwalokhu, ukutholwa okufanayo kwatholakala eSouth Carolina, kepha lawa kwakungamazinyo abantu abadala. Ukufana kwalokhu okutholakele ukuthi zombili lezi zindawo zazingaphezulu kogu lolwandle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi oshaka babehlala emanzini angajulile, noma bahamba ngomkhumbi lapha ukuzala.
Ngaphambi kwalokhu kutholakala, abacwaningi baphikisa ngokuthi amawundlu amakhulu awadingi ukuvikelwa, ngoba ayizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Okutholakele kuqinisekisa umbono wokuthi intsha yayihlala emanzini angajulile ukuze ikwazi ukuzivikela, ngoba izingane ezinamamitha amabili zazingaba yizisulu zomunye ushaka omkhulu.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezinkulu ezingaphansi kwamanzi zingazala ingane eyodwa kuphela ngesikhathi. Amawundlu ayengamamitha ama-2-3 ubude futhi ahlasela izilwane ezinkulu ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa. Bazingela imihlambi yezinkomo zasolwandle futhi babamba umuntu wokuqala abahlangana naye.
Izitha zemvelo zotshwala be-megalodon
Isithombe: Megalodon Giant Shark
Ngaphandle kwesimo sezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokudla, umhlaseli wayesenezitha, ezinye zazo zazincintisana nokudla kwazo.
Abaphenyi babalwa phakathi kwabo:
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezifunda isikole;
- imikhomo yokubulala;
- imikhomo enamazinyo;
- abanye oshaka abakhulu.
Imikhomo ye-orca eyavela njengomphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo yahlukaniswa hhayi kuphela ngomzimba oqinile namazinyo anamandla, kodwa futhi nangobuhlakani obuthuthuke kakhulu. Bazingela ngamaphakethe, okwanciphisa kakhulu amathuba okusinda eMegalodon. Imikhomo ebulalayo, ngendlela yabo yokuziphatha, yahlasela abasha ngamaqembu futhi yadla abancane.
Imikhomo ebulalayo yaphumelela kakhulu ekuzingeleni. Ngenxa yejubane labo, badla zonke izinhlanzi ezinkulu olwandle, bengashiyanga kudla kwemegalodon. Imikhomo engumbulali uqobo iphunyukile emazinyweni alesi silo esingaphansi kwamanzi ngosizo lobuchule nobuchule babo. Ndawonye, bangabulala ngisho nabantu abadala.
Izilo ezingaphansi kwamanzi zazihlala esikhathini esivumayo sezinhlobo, ngoba kwakungekho mncintiswano wokudla, futhi inani elikhulu lemikhomo engasheshi futhi engathuthuki lalihlala olwandle. Lapho isimo sezulu sishintsha nolwandle selubanda, ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko kwakungasekho, okwaba yisizathu esikhulu sokuqothulwa kohlobo.
Ukushoda kwezilwane ezinkulu kwaholela ekulambeni okuhlala njalo kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu. Babefuna ukudla ngokukhulu ukushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngezikhathi zendlala, amacala odla abantu ayedlangile, futhi ngesikhathi sokudla ePliocene abantu bokugcina baziqothula.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Shark Megalodon
Izinsalela ze-Fossil zinikeza ithuba lokwahlulela ubuningi bezinhlobo nokusatshalaliswa kwazo kabanzi. Kodwa-ke, kunezici eziningana ezithonye ukwehla kokuqala kwabantu, bese kunyamalala ngokuphelele kwe-megalodon. Kukholelwa ukuthi imbangela yokuqothulwa yiphutha lohlobo uqobo, ngoba izilwane azikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yini.
Izazi ze-paleontologists zinemibono eyehlukene ngezinto ezingezinhle ezithonye ukuqothulwa kwezilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngenxa yenguquko ekuqondisweni kwemisinga, imisinga efudumele yeka ukungena e-Arctic futhi indawo esenyakatho yezwe yabanda kakhulu koshaka be-thermophilic. Abantu bokugcina bahlala eningizimu Nenkabazwe yaze yanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abanye ochwepheshe bezichthyologists bakholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo belungasinda kuze kube sesikhathini sethu ngenxa yokutholwa, okuthiwa kuneminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-24 no-11 ubudala. Izimangalo zokuthi u-5% kuphela wolwandle uhloliwe zinikeza ithemba lokuthi umhlaseli angase acashe kwenye indawo. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono awumelene nokugxekwa kwesayensi.
NgoNovemba 2013, ividiyo eyaqoshwa amaJapane yavela kwi-Intanethi. Ibamba ushaka omkhulu, ababhali abawudlulisa njengenkosi yolwandle. Le vidiyo yaqoshwa ngokujulile eMariana Trench. Kodwa-ke, imibono ihlukene futhi ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi le vidiyo ingamanga.
Yimuphi umbono wokunyamalala komdondoshiya ongaphansi kwamanzi olungile, mancane amathuba okuthi sazi. Izidlakudla uqobo lwazo ngeke zisakwazi ukusitshela ngalokhu, futhi ososayensi bangakwazi ukubeka phambili imibono bese becabanga. Ukube uswazi olunjalo usindile kuze kube yilolu suku, ngabe sekuvele kwaqashelwa. Kodwa-ke, kuyohlale kunephesenti lamathuba okuthi lesi silo sizosinda ekujuleni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06/07/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 07.10.2019 ngo-22: 09
