IBudgerigar - inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi onomaka we-wavy omnyama ku-nape, emuva nasemaphikweni. Ekuthunjweni, bakhuliswa ngamakhemikhali aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amhlophe, aphuzi, ampunga noma amancane. Opholi besabelomali batholwa okokuqala ngo-1805 futhi sebeyizilwane ezifuywayo ezidume kakhulu ngenxa yobuncane bazo, izindleko ezamukelekayo kanye nokukwazi ukulingisa izinkulumo zabantu. Izinyoni ziyisilwane sesithathu esithandwa kakhulu ngemuva kwezinja ezifuywayo namakati. Babelethe ekuthunjweni kusukela ngekhulu le-19.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Budgerigar
Igama lohlobo lweMelopsittacus olususelwa olimini lwasendulo lwesiGreki lihunyushwa ngokuthi "upholi omnandi". Yilona kuphela uhlobo lohlobo lweMelopsittacus. Izinyoni zihlalisane nabomdabu base-Australia iminyaka engama-70,000. Uhlobo lokuqala lwachazwa nguGeorge Shaw ngo-1805, kanti igama lakhona lanikezwa inyoni - nguJohn Gould ngo-1840. I-ornithologist evelele ihlanganise ukubuka konke okuphelele ngempilo yama-budgerigars emvelweni encwadini ethi "Izinyoni Zase-Australia", lapho echaza khona izici zalesi silwane. Ngo-1840 ama-budgerigars angena ezwenikazi laseYurophu.
Lezi zinhlobo ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ziyisixhumanisi phakathi kohlobo lweNeophema nePezoporus (olususelwa kuzimpaphe ze-webbed). Kodwa-ke, izifundo zakamuva ze-phylogenetic zisebenzisa ukulandelana kwe-DNA zibeke i-budgerigar eduze kakhulu ne-wax zopholi noma i-lorini (isizwe saseLoriini) namapholi omkhiwane (isizwe saseCyclopsittini).
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ama-Budgerigars akhona ngemibala eminingi kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni noma zezilwane. Imibala ehlakazekile yezimpaphe zabo ikhuliswa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, ikakhulukazi ezinhlangothini zezihlathi, ezibamba iqhaza ekuzimeni kobulili.
Ama-Budgerigars yizinkukhu ezaziwa kakhulu. Inani labo, njengezilwane ezifuywayo, lifinyelela kubantu abayizi-5 000 000 emhlabeni jikelele, okunikeze ososayensi amathuba amaningi okufunda imikhuba. Kuningi okwaziwayo ngezici zabo zebhayoloji kunezinye izinhlobo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-150 zama-budgerigars asekhaya. Izinguquko zokuqala zombala wale nyoni zenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yokuzama ukukhetha nokukhiqiza, zafinyelela ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Green budgerigar
Ama-budgerigars asendle ngokwesilinganiso anobude obungu-18 cm, anesisindo esingu-30-40 g, amaphiko angamasentimitha angama-30, umbala womzimba - luhlaza okotshani. Umhlane nezimpiko zazo kubonisa imivimbo emnyama. Ibunzi nobuso kuphuzi kubantu abadala. Izihlathi zinamabala amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokububende, kanti intamo inochungechunge lwamabala amathathu amnyama ohlangothini ngalunye. Izindawo ezimbili ezingaphandle zomlomo wesibeletho zitholakala ezansi kwezindawo zezihlathi. Umsila weCobalt (luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Izimpiko zazo zinombala oluhlaza okotshani ngombala onemigqa emnyama. Umthethosivivinywa umpunga womnqumo, futhi imilenze i-grey-grey, enezinzwane ze-zygodactyl.
Ividiyo: IBudgerigar
Endaweni yemvelo yase-Australia, ama-budgies mancane ngokuphawulekayo kunabazala bawo abathunjiwe. Ingxenye engenhla yomlomo iphakeme kunaleyo engezansi bese iyimboza lapho ivalwa. Uqhwaku aluqhubeki phambili kakhulu ngenxa yezimpaphe eziminyene eziwuzungezile, okunikeza isithombe somlomo ophansi olele ngqo ebusweni. Ingxenye yayo engenhla inengubo ende, ebushelelezi, kanti ingxenye engezansi iyinkomishi ehlehlisiwe. Lesi sakhiwo somlomo sivumela izinyoni ukuba zidle ngokushesha izitshalo, izithelo nemifino.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Izimpaphe ezisekhanda lama-budgerigars zibonisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet.
Ubulili be-budgie obudlula izinyanga eziyisithupha kulula ukusho ngombala wesikhumba sayo, kepha indlela yokuziphatha kwale nyoni kanye nokuma kwekhanda nakho kungasiza. Izilwane zezilwane zinquma ubulili benyoni ngokuhlola okungafuneki noma ngokuhlola amasampula egazi, izimpaphe nama-eggshells. Abesilisa abavuthiwe bavame ukuba nemibala esukela ekukhanyeni kuye kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama, kepha kokunye ukuguqulwa okuthile, bangaba kusuka kokusomi kuya kokuphinki. Intamo iyashukumiseka kakhulu, ngoba uqhwaku lwenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokubamba. Amathambo esiqu enza umsebenzi wokusekela, ngakho-ke awusebenzi. Ukundiza kwale nyoni kucekeceke kancane.
Uhlala kuphi uBudgerigar?
Isithombe: Ama-Budgerigars
Indawo yokuhlala iMelopsittacus undulatus, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-budgerigar, isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke elase-Australia, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezisogwini empumalanga yezwekazi naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ekude.
Le nhlobo yethulwe ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba, kufaka phakathi:
- Iningizimu Afrika;
- EJapan;
- USA;
- E-Puerto Rico;
- ISwitzerland;
- E-New Zealand.
Kodwa-ke, yimpande ngempumelelo emvelweni wemvelo kuphela eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeFlorida. Umncintiswano owandisiwe wezindawo zokuzalela izinkanyezi zaseYurophu nezindlunkulu zasekhaya kukholakala ukuthi yisona sizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwabantu kusukela ngawo-1980. Izimo ezihlala njalo zeFlorida unyaka wonke zikunciphise kakhulu ukuziphatha kwabo kokufuduka.
AmaBudgerigars ahlala ezindaweni eziningi ezomile futhi ezinomswakama, ikakhulukazi maphakathi ne-Australia. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi zingatholakala ezimfundeni ezomile zaseningizimu-mpumalanga. Yize indawo yokwabiwa kwabo ikhawulelwe kakhulu ngaphakathi kwezwekazi, enyakatho-mpumalanga nasenkabeni eningizimu kunokuphazamiseka ngezikhathi ezithile ekubekweni kwabo ogwini.
AmaBudgerigars ayimizulane, futhi imihlambi yawo iyasuka kuleyo ndawo lapho izimo zemvelo ziguquka. Ukufudukela enyakatho ngezikhathi ezithile zasebusika kuhlotshaniswa nokufunwa kwemithombo yokudla. Ama-Budgies itholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile, ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni, emahlathini angavamile nasemadlelweni e-Australia. Izinyoni zivame ukwakha imihlambi emincane kepha zingakha imihlambi emikhulu kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle. Imihlambi eyimizulane ihlotshaniswa nokutholakala kokudla namanzi. Isomiso singaholela izinyoni ezindaweni ezinamahlathi amaningi noma ezindaweni ezisogwini.
Udla ini i-budgerigar?
Isithombe: Blue budgerigar
Izinhlobo ze-wavy zingabathuthukisi abaphumelele kakhulu bemithombo yokudla namanzi. Zondla phansi ngakho-ke zikhetha ukuqoqa utshani nembewu yezitshalo, ikakhulukazi i-spinifex ne-tuft grass. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla kwabo kufaka amahlumela amancane, izithelo namajikijolo. Ngokwemvelo, amapholi adla okusanhlamvu okuhluke kakhulu ekuvuthweni, ikakhulukazi athanda imbewu encane yobisi.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Lolu hlobo lubulala izilimo ezikhulayo nembewu yotshani. Amandla abo okudla inqwaba yembewu emhlambini athinta izintshisekelo zabalimi.
Baqale bahlanze imbewu bese beyigwinya iphelele noma bazame ukuyiphula. Imbewu iphezulu kakhulu emandleni futhi ilingana namakhalori ezicutshini zezilwane. Ngakho-ke, awudingi omunye umthombo wokudla wezinyoni. AmaBudgerigars aphuza amanzi kaningi, ephuza cishe u-5.5% wesisindo sawo ngosuku. Ukuhlangabezana nalesi sidingo, zivame ukutholakala eduze kwemithombo yamanzi.
Umsebenzi wabo, njengezinyoni eziningi, uqala ngaphambi nje kokuphuma kwelanga ngokuhlanza, ukucula nokuhamba ngaphakathi kwezihlahla. Ngemuva kokuphuma kwelanga, izinyoni zindiza ziye endaweni yokudla bese zidla lapho emini. Azidli emini noma lapho kushisa kakhulu; kunalokho, zikhosela emthunzini zihlale zimile. Ekupheleni kosuku, ama-budgerigars ahlangana, abiza kakhulu futhi endiza ngejubane elikhulu ezungeze izihlahla. Bese bebuyela lapho bezolala khona selishonile ilanga bathule kuze kube ngakusasa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Budgerigar ngokwemvelo
Lezi yizinyoni eziphakeme kakhulu, zihlangana emhlambini omkhulu. Ukuqoqwa kwabo kuvumela impumelelo ekondleni, futhi kuyasiza nasekuvikelweni ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Izinyoni zibonisa izimpawu zothando lapho zihlanza noma zifunzana. Akunabukhosi kulamaqembu ngokususelwa ezimpini ezimbalwa phakathi kwabantu, kepha abesifazane bavame ukuba nolaka ukwedlula abesilisa.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Abesilisa imvamisa banenjabulo, bathandana kakhulu, banobudlelwano obunokuthula, benza imisindo eminingi. Abesifazane bavame ukuba namandla kakhulu futhi bangabekezelelani emphakathini.
Lapho i-budgerigar izizwa isongelwa, izozama ukukhuphuka phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka futhi isonde izimpaphe zayo emzimbeni wayo ukuze ibonakale izacile. Zindiza ngokushesha futhi zihambe kamnandi, zihamba kancane emhlabathini futhi zikhuphuka ngobuciko ezihlahleni. Imihlambi yabo ingaba phakathi kwabantu abangama-20 iye kwabayikhulu.
Ama-budgies afuyile angafundiswa ukubiza amagama, ukushaya ikhwela nokudlala nabantu. Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane bayacula futhi bangafunda ukulingisa imisindo namagama, futhi benze namasu alula. Kodwa-ke, abesilisa bawathuthukisa kangcono la makhono. Abesifazane kuyaqabukela bafunde ukulingisa amagama ayishumi nambili kuphela. Abesilisa bathuthukisa kalula isilulumagama sabo ebangeni kusuka emashumini amaningana kuya kumagama ayikhulu. Abesilisa abahlala bodwa bangabakhulumeli abahamba phambili.
AmaBudgerigars azohlafuna noma yini angayithola ukuze agcine imilomo yawo isikiwe. Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-15-20. Kuya ngohlobo nempilo, okuthonywe kakhulu ukuvivinya umzimba nokudla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ama-budgies
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-budgerigars kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka lapho imbewu igcwele. Enyakatho ye-Australia lokhu kwenzeka ebusika, engxenyeni eseningizimu entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-budgerigars azala ngemuva kwezimvula ezinkulu ngoba ukukhula kotshani kuncike ekutholakaleni kwamanzi. Eqinisweni, noma imuphi imvula enhle iheha umuzwa wokuzala, noma ngabe usencane.
Isidleke samaBudgerigars emigodini esivele ikhona etholakala ezingodweni nasemigodini yezihlahla zikagamthilini. Izidleke eziningana zingatholakala egatsheni elifanayo lomuthi ebangeni lamamitha ama-3-5 kuphela ukusuka komunye nomunye. Zigcwalisa izidleke zazo ngothuli lwenkuni olubolile, ubulongwe, nanoma yini enye ethambile etholakalayo.
Insikazi iyazikhethela isidleke futhi ifukamele amaqanda kuyilapho eyeduna ichitha isikhathi esiningi ifuna ukudla. Abazali bavame ukuba nezinkukhu eziningana zilandelana. Amaqanda athatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-18-20 ngaphambi kokuba aqale ukuchanyuselwa. Amawundlu awaboni, ahamba ze, awakwazi ukuphakamisa amakhanda futhi awakwazi ukuzisiza ngokuphelele. Umama uyazondla futhi uzigcina zifudumele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Amachwane aqala izimpaphe lapho enamasonto amathathu ubudala. Kulesi sigaba sokukhula kwamachwane, owesilisa uqala ukungena esidlekeni ukusiza umkhwenyana wesifazane futhi ondle amaphuphu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Amanye ama-budgerigars abesifazane ngokwenqabela ayenqabela owesilisa ukuba angene esidlekeni futhi athathe umthwalo ophelele wokukhulisa izinkukhu zize zindiza.
Lapho cishe izinsuku eziyishumi ubudala, amehlo amaphuphu ayavuleka bese izimpaphe ziqala ukukhula. Ngesonto lesihlanu, amaphuphu asuke eseqine ngokwanele futhi abazali bahlala bengaphandle kwesidleke isikhathi esiningi. Ama-budgerigars amancane aqala ukuzama ukuphuma esidlekeni emasontweni amahlanu. Lokhu bakwenza benamasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili.
Izitha zemvelo zama-budgies
Isithombe: Budgerigar
Opholi bayizisulu zezilwane. Basengozini enkulu yokondla phansi. Ubulungu bomhlambi budlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokwenza ngcono amathuba okusinda ekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezidla ezinye.
Izidalwa ezihlasela kakhulu i-budgerigar zifaka:
- oklebe;
- izinkozi;
- izikhova;
- izinyoka (izinhlwathi nezikebhe);
- ama-jaguar;
- ocelots;
- inkawu;
- amalulwane.
Ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zibeka engcupheni emini kuphela, kanti ezinye - abazingela ebusuku (izikhova, amalulwane) bayingozi kuma-budgies ebusuku. Izinyoka zibamba upholi lapho zilele emagatsheni ezihlahla, kuyilapho izinyoni zezilwane zihlasela lapho zindiza noma zidla phansi.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Isimo semvelo sokuzivikela ezilwaneni eziyizisulu siyisici esinomthelela ekuziphatheni kwama-budgies ekuthunjweni ukwedlula noma yini enye.
Opholi bahlala beqaphele ingozi, futhi baphendula ngokwemvelo ezinsongweni abazibonayo. Ukuphendula kwabo kokuqala ukuthi babaleke, kepha-ke, uma lokhu kungenzeki, bazohlasela futhi balwe ngemilomo yabo enamandla ukuzivikela. Amandla okubuka kaBudgerigars enzelwe izakhi zofuzo ukusiza ukuthola ukunyakaza okusongelayo ukude.
Njengoba isitha sazo esisongela kakhulu oklebe, upholi uphendula ikakhulukazi ekunyakazeni okusheshayo okuvela phezulu nangemuva. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa ukuthi ugweme ukunyakaza okusheshayo, okungazelelwe eduze nenyoni. Lokhu kungukusabela okungokwemvelo okungalaleli ukuqonda noma ukucabanga. Izinto zasendlini ezilula futhi ezingenabungozi zingadala izimpendulo zokwesaba ezinyonini.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ama-Budgerigars
Ama-budgerigar asendle maningi futhi yizinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zase-Australia, ezinabantu abalinganiselwa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu. Le nhlobo inebanga elikhulu ngokwedlulele futhi, ngakho-ke, ayisondeli kumanani womkhawulo wezilwane ezisengozini ngokosayizi webanga. Ububanzi bawo bokusatshalaliswa ngu- <20,000 km², kuhlanganiswe nokwehla noma ukwehla kosayizi webanga, ubukhulu bendawo yokuhlala / ikhwalithi noma usayizi wenani labantu kanye nenani elincane lamasayithi noma uqhekeko olunzima.
Isimo sabantu bezinhlobo siyakhula futhi, ngakho-ke, inani lama-budgerigars alisondeli kumanani womkhawulo wezinhlobo ezisengozini ngokusho kwenqubo yesimo sabantu. Isibalo sabantu asikabalwa, kepha kukholakala ukuthi asisondeli kumanani womkhawulo wesilinganiso sabantu.
Ekuqaleni, ama-budgerigars alethwa evela e-Australia ngolwandle, kuyilapho inani elikhulu lezinyoni lafa endleleni, lingakubekezeleli ukubhukuda okude. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni washaya umthetho ovimbela ukuthunyelwa kwanoma iziphi izinyoni ezweni. Kuya eRussia ubudgeigar yaqhamuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Isasasa lokuthandwa laqala ngemuva kokutholakala kwekhono labo lokulingisa inkulumo yabantu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 01.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-21: 51
