I-Cuckoo - lena enye yezinyoni ezidume kakhulu, isakhamuzi esivamile samahlathi, amapaki, isivakashi esivame ukufika ezindaweni zensimu. Isici sayo "cuckoo" cishe akunakwenzeka ukudida namanye amazwi ezilwane nezinyoni. Ngenxa yomkhuba wokujikijela amaqanda abo ezidlekeni zabanye abantu, igama lawo seliphenduke igama lasekhaya. Futhi le nyoni uqobo lwayo sekuyisikhathi eside iba yiqhawe lezimpawu eziningi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Cuckoo
Esigabeni sesimanje samakhukhamba njengezinyoni, akha umndeni ohlukile wamakhukhamba, ofaka izinhlobo ezi-140 ezihlukene. Ngaphandle, lezi zinyoni zihluke kakhulu ngombala nangosayizi. Ubukhulu buyahlukahluka ebangeni elibanzi. Ezinye izinhlobo zinobude obungu-17-20 cm kuphela, ezinye zifinyelela kuma-70 cm.
Ividiyo: Cuckoo
Ummeleli odume kakhulu womndeni yi-cuckoo ejwayelekile, okuyiyo yokuqala futhi wanikeza igama kuwo wonke umndeni. Igama ngokwalo livela ekukhaleni kwe-onomatopoeic kwenyoni yesilisa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izihlobo eziseduze zamakhukhamba yizinyoni ezinjenge-bananoed, i-turaco ne-goatzin, phambilini, kanye nezinyoni ze-cuckoo, zazifakwa ngokulandelana kwezinyoni zezulu elisha. Kusigaba samanje, kushiye izinyoni ze-cuckoo kuphela kule oda.
Bonke abamele ikhukhamba babukeka ngendlela efanayo. Banomzimba ovulekile, ohlanjululwe. Izimpiko zinde ngokulingana nawo wonke umzimba. Umsila nawo mude futhi unesimo sokunyathela. Ama-paw afana kakhulu nabadlulayo, kepha anobude obuphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzwane zikhomba emuva ezimbili nezimbili phambili. Lesi sakhiwo sezidladla zikakhukhamba siyisondeza kubamele zopholi. Uqhwaku lwekhokho, kungakhathalekile ukuthi lukhulu ngohlobo luni oluthile, lunesimo sehhuku elibukhali ekugcineni.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inkukhu yenkukhu
Ngaphandle, ukhokho ovamile ufana nondlunkulu. Imininingwane yezimpaphe, ukwakheka kwekhanda nesitayela sendiza kufana kakhulu. Lokhu kufana kusiza ama-cuckoos aphile. Usayizi wekhukhamba uqhathaniswa nowejuba. Ubude benyoni bungamasentimitha angama-33, isisindo cishe siyi-100-180 g.Iphiko lingaphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-56-65. Umsila umise okwekhonji, kodwa mude, ngakho-ke, ngokuhlangana namaphiko amancane, kusiza inyoni ukuba ihambe kahle emahlathini. Ama-paws amafushane, kepha aqinile kakhulu, imvamisa akabonakali endaweni yokuhlala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izidladla zinesakhiwo okuthiwa i-zygodactyl. Iminwe emibili kakhokho ibhekiswe phambili, futhi emibili emuva, njengezigqoko zopholi nopholi. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi inamathele kahle emagatsheni, kepha yenza kube nzima ukuhamba endaweni eyisicaba evundlile.
Izimpaphe zamakhukhamba zinzima impela. Banama "bhulukwe" amade emilenzeni. Amakhukhamba esilisa ngokuvamile anombala onsundu ngombala, kuyilapho abesifazane benombala ogqwalile onsundu ngemuva onamachashaza amancanyana entamo futhi amhlophe ngemivimbo eshintshanayo esiswini nasesifubeni.
Isikhathi esiningi, ikhukhamba elijwayelekile lithule futhi lihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo. Kepha entwasahlobo, kanye nasengxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo, izinyoni zesilisa ziba nomsindo kakhulu futhi zibonakale, zizama ukuziheha. Ngalesi sikhathi, ehlathini nasemapaki, ungezwa isici esikhulu esithi "cuckoo, cuckoo" esinokuphindaphindwa okuningi nokukhuliswa kuhlamvu lokuqala. Esimweni sezulu esizolile, izwi lenyoni lizwakala ngokusobala ebangeni elifinyelela kumakhilomitha amabili.
Ihlala kuphi ikhukhamba?
Isithombe: I-Cuckoo ngokwemvelo
Ububanzi bazo zonke izinhlobo ze-cuckoo busatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Ihlanganisa cishe zonke izindawo zesimo sezulu kusuka ehlathini elinehlathi kuya ezindaweni ezishisayo. Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo itholakala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, futhi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ama-cuckoo ajwayelekile ajwayelekile ezindaweni ezingasenyakatho. Zihlala kakhulu eYurophu nase-Asia, zisatshalaliswa zisuka e-Atlantic ziye olwandle iPacific futhi zitholakala naseKuriles, Commander Islands, Japan naseNhlonhlweni yaseKorea. Umngcele osenyakatho wobubanzi bamakhukhamba avamile uqondana nomngcele wokusatshalaliswa kokhula oluqinile.
Amakhukhamba avamile yizinyoni ezifudukayo ezivamile. Ezindaweni ezizalisayo azihlali isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine unyaka wonke. Ibanga lokuya ezindaweni zasebusika kusuka kuma-cuckoos wokufaka izidleke lingafinyelela kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-5-6.
Ebusika, bavame ukundiza baye ezifundeni eziseningizimu, njenge:
- Afrika;
- India;
- INingizimu China.
Amakhukhamba ajwayelekile akhetha ukuhlala emahlathini ahlabayo, hhayi kakhulu emahlathini anamahlathi ezindaweni ezimbi, emabhaneni asehlathini noma emahlathini asesiqhingini esisehlathini. Amakhukhamba agwema ihlathi lamahlathi ne-coniferous. E-Asia Ephakathi, ezindaweni lapho kunohlaza oluncane kakhulu, bangahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, uma kunezihlahla ezimile noma izihlahlana eziseduze.
Idlani ikhukhamba?
Isithombe: ukhokho waseRussia
Amakhukhamba abhekwa njengama-omnivores. Izinambuzane zakha iningi lokudla kwalezi zinyoni, kepha kungafaka nokudla kwezitshalo, njengamajikijolo noma amahlumela amancane.
Ukudla okuthandayo kwamakhukhamba:
- izintethe;
- omiyane;
- izikelemu zeklabishi;
- izibungu zentuthwane;
- amabhungane;
- izimvemvane (neziphungumangathi);
- amacimbi;
- slugs.
Amakhukhunathi ngokuzithandela adla amacimbi amaningi anobuthi noboya, ezinye izinyoni ezesaba ukuwadla. Kwesinye isikhathi zidla izibankwa ezincane futhi zize zidle namaqanda ezinyoni. Izisulu zivame ukucoshwa phansi noma emagatsheni, kuyaqabukela izinambuzane zibanjwe endizeni.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bezinyoni, zinamandla kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlobene ngqo nokuqongelela kwamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba, awadingayo ezindizeni zebanga elide ngesikhathi sokufuduka ebusika. Ukudla kwamakhukhamba kwehla kuphela ngenkathi yokuhlangana, lapho wonke amandla nokunakwa kuphonswa ekufuneni izithandani. Ukuminza kuyisici samachwane e-cuckoo, athola isisindo nosayizi ngokushesha okukhulu kunamachwane azo zonke ezinye izinyoni.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ngehora elilodwa, inyoni eyodwa endala ingadla amacimbi angaba yikhulu. Futhi isilinganiso sansuku zonke okungenani amacimbi angu-1 500.
Kukholakala ukuthi ukubhujiswa kwenqwaba yezinambuzane ngamakhukhamba kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni imvelo yehlathi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhalansi. Ngakho-ke, ama-cuckoos akuzona izinyoni eziyingozi, kepha kunalokho awusizo, yize kunesici sokukhulisa amatshwele awo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Cuckoo
Isikhathi esilinganiselwe sempilo kakhokho ovamile iminyaka eyi-9 kuye kwengu-11. Amakhukhamba ayizinyoni eziyimfihlo futhi eziqaphile futhi ajwayele ukuthula. Ukukhala kwesici kuzwakala kuphela ngenkathi yokuhlangana kusukela phakathi kwentwasahlobo kuye phakathi nehlobo. Bacishe bangashiyi iminonjana yomsebenzi obalulekile, okwenza kube nzima ukuzibona.
Indlela yokuphila iningi lasemini, isikhathi esiningi inyoni imatasa idla ukudla. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwezidladla, i-cuckoo ayiguqulwanga ukuhamba phansi, ngakho-ke, uma yehlela ukuzingela, ngokushesha iyandiza futhi idle isinambuzane noma isibankwa esibanjiwe emagatsheni esihlahla esiseduze. Ngenxa yalesi sici, i-cuckoo nayo ishiya cishe akukho zinyathelo phansi.
Izinyoni azizakhi noma zizakhele izidleke zazo. Amakhukhamba avamile aphakathi kwezinambuzane ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu zokwakha izidleke. Abalokothi bakhulise amaphuphu, baphonse amaqanda abo ezidlekeni zabanye abantu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyoni ezingaphandle ngokuphelele zisebenza njengabondli kanye nabafundisi bamachwane e-cuckoo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Evolution iholele ekutheni i-cuckoo ikwazi ukubeka amaqanda okulingisa, iwuphinda ngokuphelele umbala wamaqanda walezo zinyoni ezizobekwa ezidlekeni zazo. Komunye wemibukiso, kukhonjiswe cishe amaqanda ama-cuckoo ayikhulu anemibala ehlukahlukene emhlophe, engabonakali ngamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukubeka iqanda esidlekeni somunye umuntu kuthatha imizuzwana nje embalwa. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ikhukhamba lesilisa lingazungeza isidleke, okukhombisa umhlaseli. Sisebenzisa iqiniso lokuthi abanikazi bashiya isidleke ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi indizela kuso ibeke iqanda laso. Kwesinye isikhathi amakhokho abeka amaqanda emigodini, futhi uma inyoni ingakwazi ukundizela lapho, khona-ke ingabeka iqanda eduze, bese ililetha emgodini isebenzisa uqhwaku lwayo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ukhokho omncane
Amakhukhamba avamile awodwa ngokuphelele futhi anesithembu. Aziqoqeki njengemihlambi, futhi amabhangqa akhiwa kuphela inkathi eyodwa. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, imikhuba yokuhlangana kwalezi zinyoni igcwele ukuthandana. Imvamisa owesilisa uvayizisa umsila wakhe njenge fan futhi akhombe insikazi. Ikhanda lakhe elehlisiwe nezimpiko kuyizimpawu zokuqashelwa nokukhalaza. Indoda nayo inganikela ngehlumela noma isiqu njengophawu lokunakwa. Ukuzala kwenzeka kusukela phakathi kwentwasahlobo kuye phakathi nehlobo.
Ngomqondo ojwayelekile, ayikho indawo yokwakha izidleke yamakhukhamba. Esizeni esifanayo, ungathola bobabili abesifazane nabesilisa abaningana, futhi ngokufanayo. Indawo yokwakha izidleke ingathathwa njengesiza lapho ikhukhamba lensikazi lifuna khona izidleke ezifanele zabanye abantu ukuze libeke amaqanda alo kuzo, elilodwa kulowo nalowo. Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala abesifazane ababili endaweni eyodwa. Kulokhu, zikhubaza izinyoni zezinhlobo ezahlukene.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhathi sokufukamela samaqanda e-cuckoo ejwayelekile siyi-11, kaningi izinsuku eziyi-12. Ngakho-ke, i-cuckoo izalwa ngaphambi kwabafowabo futhi ithola inzuzo enkulu kubo emzabalazweni wokudla olethwe abazali bokutholwa.
Phakathi nezinsuku ezine zokuqala, ukusebenza kwetswele kuhlose ukususa amaqanda asele namachwane achanyuselwa esidlekeni. Ukhokho uhlala phansi ngaphansi kwenye inkukhu, abese ebuyela emaphethelweni esidleke, lapho aqonda khona ngqo ukuze isisulu sindizele phansi. Uyakwenza ngokwemvelo, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezine umzwelo wemvelo unyamalale.
Ukuba khona okuzimele kukakhukhamba kuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-40 ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, lapho izimpaphe zakheke ngokuphelele kule nyoni. Kuze kube manje, iphuphu lishwabadela abazali bokutholwa. Ukondla kwenzeka njalo, noma ngabe ikhukhamba likhula likhudlwana kunezinyoni ezikudlayo. I-cuckoo ingashiya isidleke ngisho nangemva kwezinsuku ezingama-20, kepha ngenxa yokuthi ikhipha ukukhala okuyisici icela ukudla, abazali bokutholwa bayaqhubeka nokuyondla ngisho nangemva kwalokho.
Izitha zemvelo zamakhukhamba
Isithombe: Cuckoo
Abantu abadala banezitha ezimbalwa kakhulu, ngenxa yobukhazikhazi bokundiza kukakhokho ovamile nokufana kokubukeka kwayo nezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Kancane kakhulu futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ikhukhamba lingahlaselwa:
- ama-orioles;
- ama-flycatcher ampunga;
- izimpi;
- ukuncipha;
- ezinye izinyoni.
Ukuhlaselwa kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ematshwele asanda kushiya izidleke zabazali bawo bokutholwa, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu angakatholi ulwazi olwanele nobukhazikhazi bendiza.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengezimpungushe, ama-martens, ama-weasel namakati nazo zingaba yingozi ethile ezinyonini. Kepha ama-cuckoos ahlangana nawo ngokungavamile, ngesizathu esilula sokuthi azama ukungasondeli ebusweni bomhlaba nhlobo, futhi uma ecwila, khona-ke ukuhlasela isisulu sawo, ukukhetha kwawo kwenziwa ngokucophelela nangokucophelela.
Abaphangi bezidleke njengamagwababa namajayi nabo basongela uskhokho namaqanda. Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-cuckoos akazakhi nakancane izidleke zawo, kepha abekela amaqanda kubantu angabazi, izidleke zabanye abantu nazo zivame ukubhujiswa, ngakho-ke amaphuphu angabulawa kuwo, futhi amaqanda nawo angadliwa ngumzingeli okhuphukele esidlekeni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoni ye-Cuckoo
I-cuckoo ejwayelekile yizinhlobo ezingakhathazeki kangako. Ububanzi bayo bukhulu impela. EYurophu namuhla kunemibhangqwana engaba yizigidi ezimbili. Ngalesi sizathu, izinyoni azivikelwe, futhi akukho zinyathelo ezengeziwe ezithathwayo ukukhulisa inani labantu bazo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Icuckoo ingabeka amaqanda angaba ngu-20 ngesizini ngayinye. Njalo iphuphu lesihlanu livame ukuphila lapho selikhulile.
Ukuzithoba, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle, inani elikhulu lokudla okuhlukahlukene kanye nokungabikho kwezitha ezinkulu kusiza ama-cuckoos aphile. Kuyasiza futhi ukuthi onembe bangadla amacimbi anoshevu, anganakwa ezinye izinyoni, ngakho-ke nangezikhathi ezinzima abawesabi umncintiswano we-interspecific.
Yize kunjalo, kwezinye izindawo, inani lamakhukhamba avamile nalo liyancipha, elihlotshaniswa nentuthuko yentuthuko yasemadolobheni kanye nokwehla kotshani besihlahla. Okungukuthi, isizathu sokwehla ukunyamalala kwendawo yemvelo yenyoni. Ngo-2001, lezi zinhlobo zafakwa kwiRed Book of Moscow, esigabeni sesibili, njengezilwane ezinenombolo encishisiwe. Kuze kube manje, akukho zinguquko eziphawulekayo esimweni salolu hlobo, noma ngaphezulu noma phansi, ezibonwayo uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sango-1990-2000.
Ukuqapha amakhokho
Isithombe: I-Cuckoo evela eRed Book
Ensimini yaseMoscow, cishe zonke izindawo zehlathi lapho ukuzalaniswa kwamakhukhamba kwaphawulwa khona kunikezwe isikhundla sendawo yemvelo evikelwe ngokukhethekile, noma lezi zindawo seziyingxenye yezindawo ezifanayo eziseduze.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi into embi enkulu ethinta abantu bekhukhamba evamile ukwehlukaniswa okwandisiwe kwezindawo zemvelo nezikhulu eziluhlaza okwenziwe ngenxa yokuxinana kwezakhiwo zasemadolobheni nangenxa yokwanda kwenani lezitezi zalo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezinyathelo ezinkulu ezihleliwe zokuthuthukisa imvelo yasemadolobheni, okuyiyona enkulu ukwenza ngcono izimo zokuphila zombili izinkukhu namaphaseji amancane emapaki asedolobheni, ezindaweni eziluhlaza nasemabhaneni asehlathini.
I-Cuckoo iyinto ebhekelwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseMoscow. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi indlela edingekayo yokugcinwa nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezindawo zemvelo nezepaki ukuhambisana nezimfuneko zokugcina ukwehluka kokudla - izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlelwe ngokwengeziwe ukwethula ukuvinjelwa ekwakhiweni kabusha kwamahlathi ngokwenza lula ukwakheka kwawo noma ukwakheka kwawo, kanye nokwakhiwa kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinhlelo eziningana ezikhethekile zokubuyiselwa kwemiphakathi yemvelo ezigodini zemifula entofontofo edolobheni nasesifundeni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.05.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-20: 49
