Opholi abathandwa kakhulu base-Alexandria babesetshenziswa ezinsukwini zeRoma lasendulo. Kungaleso sikhathi-ke lapho okwakuthathwa njengelungelo futhi kuwuphawu lokuba ngowomphakathi ophakeme ukuba nenyoni emangalisayo njengesilwane esifuywayo. Namuhla, lolu hlobo lwezinyoni alunadumela elingaka, kodwa-ke, amakhono alo engqondo nawengqondo, kanye nezinga lokufunda nekhono lokukhuluma, kuyamangalisa ngempela. Upholi wase-Alexandria, ibonakala njengenyoni ezolile, enobungane nenhle kakhulu. Imvamisa, ngokunakekelwa okuhle, babonisa imizwa yothando ngomnikazi wabo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: upholi wase-Alexandria
Zopholi Aleksandriya abamele izinyoni chordate, eyabelwe oda zopholi, umndeni zopholi, uhlobo lwe zopholi ringed, uhlobo lwe-alexander uphahla.
Ukukhulunywa okokuqala ngopholi base-Aleksandriya kwenzeka esikhathini seRoma lasendulo. Ngaleso sikhathi sokuphumula, abamele izikhulu zendawo babebafuya njengenkukhu, bebagcina emakhejini anezinhlaka, futhi babevame ukuqasha othisha ukuze babaqeqeshe. Ngalezo zinsuku zokuqala, inyoni yayibaluleke ngaphezu kwesigqila esihle, esiqinile.
Izinyoni zilethwe endaweni yaseYurophu yanamuhla ngu-Alexander the Great ngekhulu lesine leminyaka. Amasosha ebutho lakhe elikhulu aletha izinyoni eYurophu ngesikhathi ezazibuya emkhankasweni e-Asia. Ngokuhlonipha u-Alexander the Great, lolu hlobo lwezinyoni lwaqanjwa.
Ukufunwa nenjabulo ezungeze izinyoni ezimangalisayo kwavela ngemuva kokuba bekwazile ukusindisa iqhawe elikhulu nomnqobi. Kunendaba lapho, phakathi nenye yezimpi, ibutho lika-Alexander the Great lacishe lahlulwa ngokuphelele, futhi izitha zazama ukumbamba umholi uqobo. Kodwa-ke, ngomzuzu oyingozi kakhulu kuye, izinyoni eziningana zeqa emakhejini abo futhi ngesibindi zaphuthuma kubahlaseli. Labo, nabo, baphuthuma ukubamba izinyoni, kodwa abakwazanga ukukwenza. Kodwa-ke, kwathi nje lapho u-Alexander the Great esebabizela ezitokisini zabo, bamlalela ngokushesha.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Upholi we-bird alexandrian
Upholi wase-Aleksandriya ungomunye wabamele abagqamile nabakhulu kunabo bonke bohlobo lwe-ringed. Le nyoni inombala ocebile, notshani obuluhlaza, kuthi ku-nape kube nombala omuhle, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uqhwaku lwopholi lukhulu futhi lusontekile. Kubantu abasha, inombala osawolintshi, kubantu abadala umbala ocebile, obomvu.
Ividiyo: upholi wase-Alexandria
Emzimbeni kunamabala ombala ohlukile kolukhulu - endaweni yamahlombe kunebala elinsundu, nasendaweni yebunzi kukhona uphawu olumnyama, olucishe lube mnyama. Umugqa omnyama ugijima usuka emlonyeni uqhamuka engxenyeni engezansi engezansi yekhanda uye esihlokweni. Kwabesilisa ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, okubizwa ngokuthi umgexo kuyavela endaweni yentamo - obomvana ngokukhanyayo phezulu futhi onsundu noma omnyama ezinhlangothini. Umugqa omnyama, obizwa ngokuthi uthayi, wehla usuka kulomgexo wehle esifubeni.
Lezi zinyoni zinezici eziningi ezihlukile:
- uqhwaku olukhulu, olukhulu;
- ikhanda elikhulu;
- umzimba omkhulu kunalokho, ubukhulu bawo bufinyelela ngamasentimitha angama-50-60;
- umsila omude ubheke ngqo phansi;
- ukutholakala kwamabala abomvu amnyama emaphikweni;
- amaphiko amakhulu, afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20-22.
Kulezi zinhlobo zezinyoni, kuvezwa i-dimorphism yezocansi - insikazi incane uma iqhathaniswa neyabesilisa futhi ayinaso umgexo okhanyayo entanyeni. Izazi ze-Ornithologists ziqaphela ukuthi ngosayizi omkhulu nokuba khona kwamabhuleki anemibala ezimpikweni okubhekwa njengezici ezivelele zopholi wase-Alexandria.
Uhlala kuphi upholi wase-Alexandria?
Isithombe: upholi wase-Alexandria
Ama-parrot ase-Alexandria ezimweni zemvelo ahlala ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zamahlathi ezimanzi. Izifunda ezindawo zokusatshalaliswa kwazo zihluke kakhulu, kuya ngama-subspecies. Zikhetha ukutholakala phezulu kakhulu emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Kuyaqabukela behlele ebusweni bomhlaba.
Izindawo zokuhlala zezinyoni ezimweni zemvelo:
- India;
- Pakistan;
- Afghanistan;
- Iran;
- Madagascar;
- U-Israyeli;
- I-Sri Lanka;
- I-Andaman Islands;
- IMyanmar;
- IVietnam;
- ILaos.
Abantu abancane base-Alexandria, noma opholi bomgexo bangatholakala ezimweni zemvelo eBelgium noma eJalimane. Phambilini kuhlalwe ngobuningi eziqhingini zaseReunion naseRodriguez Okwamanje azikho kulezi zifunda. Ama-parrot ase-Alexandria abhekwa njengabagijimi abahle kakhulu, kepha bavame ukundiza amabanga amafushane kuphela.
Zingahlala endaweni eseduze nomhlaba wezolimo, obangela ukulimala okukhulu esitshalweni, ikakhulukazi bathanda ukuvakashela amasimu ommbila badle nezikhwebu ezinamanzi. Ngesikhathi sabo esikhululekile ekundizeni, bavame ukucasha emiqhele yezihlahla ezide. Ebusuku futhi bangasebenza kakhulu futhi bagcwalise imiqhele yezihlahla ezide ngemihlambi emikhulu, isibalo sayo esifinyelela kumakhulu amaningana, kwesinye isikhathi izinkulungwane noma ngaphezulu.
Emazweni amaningi omhlaba, lolu hlobo lwamapholi luphila njengezilwane ezifuywayo, noma lukhuliswa luphinde lukhiqizwe ezinkulisa ezikhethekile nakuma-zoo. Zizivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo zokuphila ezintsha futhi zizizwe zikhululekile njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Udliwa yini upholi wase-Alexandria?
Isithombe: upholi wase-Alexandria umgexo
Lapho zihlala ezimweni zemvelo, izinyoni zomgexo zinobuqili futhi azithobeki ngokuphelele. Ziphila ngokudla cishe yonke into engafaneleka njengesisekelo sokudla sezinyoni. Lezi zinhlamvu, imbewu yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlaza, ummbila, izithelo zezitshalo zezithelo nezihlahla, njll.
Uma upholi ugcinwa ekhaya, udinga ukudla okunhlobonhlobo futhi okunomsoco, ngoba lokhu kuthinta ngqo impilo yenyoni. Izingxube ezilinganisiwe zopholi ziyingxenye ephoqelekile yokudla kwansuku zonke kwezinyoni ezifuywayo.
Ziqukethe isilinganiso esifanele sokusanhlamvu, amavithamini izakhiwo, amaminerali, nezinye izinto ezidingekayo empilweni ephelele nasempilweni yale nyoni. Isabelo sokudla sansuku zonke senyoni eyodwa endala singama-50-60 amagremu okudla.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile zokudla kwezinkukhu nsuku zonke:
- isaqathe;
- i-zucchini;
- ubhontshisi;
- isithombo sebhitrudi;
- i-zucchini;
- ukhukhamba;
- ama-apula;
- ama-plums;
- amawolintshi;
- amabhilikosi;
- imbewu;
- isinkwa esimhlophe esimanzi;
- amakhambi amasha.
Amazambane, anyanisi nesitshalo seqanda akuvunyelwe. Amabele anama-spikelets abhekwa njengesibiliboco esikhethekile. Ubumnandi obunjalo kufanele bunikezwe ngokulinganisela - kungabi ngaphezu kwezikhwebu ezimbili zommbila ngosuku.
Ukudla okungalimaza upholi wakho:
- amaqanda aluhlaza;
- uju;
- ushukela;
- imikhiqizo equkethe amakhemikhali nezithasiselo zokudla ezingezona ezemvelo, imibala.
Ngesikhathi lapho izinyoni zincibilika, ungangeza imbewu eningi yesame enhlanganisweni yokuphakelayo, futhi uhlanganise nezithasiselo zamavithamini. Umnikazi wobuhle obunezimpiko kumele aqinisekise ukuthi uhlala ethola amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Ama-parrot adla ngenjabulo iphalishi elenzelwe ekhaya: irayisi, i-buckwheat, i-oatmeal, ummbila, njll. Iphalishi liphekwa emanzini ngaphandle kokufaka usawoti, ushukela, ukunambitheka nezinongo. Kumele zinikezwe zintsha futhi zifudumele kancane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Upholi wase-Alexandria
Ama-parrot ase-Alexandria ajwayela ngokushesha izimo ezintsha zokuphila nabantu. Bakhombisa uthando lwabo ngababungazi abanganikeza ukunakekelwa okuhle nezimo zokuphila. Izinyoni zinemvelo enhle, ezolile futhi ethanda ukwazi. Ososayensi nabacwaningi baze bathi izinyoni zinikezwe ukuhlakanipha nokuqonda okusheshayo. Izinyoni azidingi lutho futhi azihambisani nemibandela yokuboshwa. Konke abakudingayo ikheji elibanzi, ukudla okunomsoco, izinqubo zamanzi, amahora we-1.5-2 wezindiza zamahhala ngosuku, ukunakwa komnikazi, nothando lwakhe.
Izinyoni zibhekwa njengabaculi abahle kakhulu futhi zinezwi eliqinile nelinomsindo. Ngingacula ama-trill amahle, ahlala isikhathi eside. Kusukela enezinyanga ezintathu, upholi ungafundiswa ukukhuluma. Kulula kakhulu ukufunda futhi bangabamba ngekhanda inani elikhulu lamagama uma bezizwa bekhululekile futhi bephephile. Iqiniso lokuthi isilwane sesikujwayele futhi sikulungele ukuthembela ngokuphelele kumnikazi waso kufakazelwa isimilo salo. Ukwamukela ngenjabulo ukudla okuvela ezandleni zomnikazi, uhlala ehlombe lakhe, ezandleni zakhe, akaqhuqhi futhi akesabi ama-rustles angaphandle.
Lapho zihlala ezimweni zemvelo, iningi lempilo yazo lichithwa ezihlahleni zemithi zamahlathi ashisayo. Imvamisa babuthana ngemihlambi emincane yabantu abafinyelela kwabayishumi. Izinyoni zizwela ngokukhethekile futhi zithinta imizwa kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ekupheleni kukaMashi. Ukwakha izidleke zopholi kuwele kulesi sikhathi sesikhathi.
Izinyoni ziyayithanda kakhulu imvula nokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ukuhlala ezimweni zemvelo, ziyabanda futhi zidlala emvuleni. Ngakho-ke, lapho kugcinwa ekhaya, kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukudala izimo zezinyoni zokuthatha izinqubo zamanzi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: upholi wase-Alexandria
Isikhathi sokuzalisa ezimweni zemvelo siqala ngoMashi kuya kuNovemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zakha ngazimbili. Owesilisa ukhombisa ukunakekelwa okumangalisayo kowesifazane. Insikazi izalela iqanda elilodwa kuya kwamane kuya kwamahlanu. Amachwane azalwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-28-30 ezelwe. Phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi, abesifazane bayafukamela amaqanda, kanti owesilisa uyamnakekela, athole futhi alethe ukudla.
Amachwane azalwa engenakuzisiza ngokuphelele futhi enqunu. Kodwa-ke, ziqina ngokushesha futhi zimbozwe izimpaphe. Isikhathi sokuqala lapho izingane zivela endaweni yazo yokukhosela emavikini angu-4-5. Inzalo echanyuselwe ngaphandle kokuchamuselwa emaqandeni isesidlekeni amasonto angafika kwangu-7-8. Sonke lesi sikhathi, konke ukunakekelwa kwabo kuthathwa ngabazali babo. Lapho befika kule nkathi, bashiya indawo yokuzalwa bese bephila impilo yokuzimela.
Ama-parrot ase-Alexandria afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12. Abantu abanonyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu babamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni kabusha.
Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka engama-25. Ngesimo sasekhaya nokunakekelwa okuhle, lesi sibalo singaphindeka kabili. Ukuzalela amapholi ase-Alexandria ekhaya kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu futhi onzima, ngoba izinyoni ezimbalwa azilandwa ngumnikazi, kodwa zodwa. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okulinganiselayo, okuphelele kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukuntuleka kwenani elidingekayo lamaminerali namavithamini kungaholela ekufeni kwenzalo nabazali bayo.
Iphuzu lesibili elibalulekile lapho kuzaliswa upholi ekhaya yinhlangano yendawo yokwakha isidleke. Kungcono uma umnikazi ehlela indlu yamapulangwe enqolobaneni ebanzi, ukuphakama kwezindonga kuzoba okungenani amasentimitha ayi-10. Phansi kwendlu enjalo kumbozwe kahle ngotshani obomile noma ngesaha.
Izitha zemvelo zopholi base-Alexandria
Isithombe: Upholi we-bird alexandrian
Lapho zihlala ezimweni zemvelo, izinyoni zinezitha ezimbalwa.
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo zopholi base-Alexandria:
- ukuqeda;
- ama-possum;
- izibankwa ezinkulu;
- izidlo ezinezimpaphe ezinkulu.
Lapho zihlala ezimweni zemvelo, izidleke zezinyoni zivame ukonakaliswa futhi zibhujiswe yizilwane ezidla ezinye, izibankwa nabanye abamele izitshalo nezilwane zasendaweni.
Ingozi ethile kopholi base-Alexandria ingumuntu. Izakhamizi zendawo nabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho bazibamba ngobuningi bazo ukuze bathole imivuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo nokuhweba. Ngenxa yokuthi izinyoni azibesabi abantu futhi zivame ukuba khona ngamaqembu amaningi, kulula ukuzibamba ngobuningi bazo. Abantu bezinyoni bavame ukutholakala besondele ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu.
Opholi abaningi baqothulwa abalimi, bavikela amasimu abo ommbila namasimu ngezitshalo.
Ekhaya nasezinkulisa, nokufa kwezinyoni nakho kuyinsakavukela. Lokhu kungenxa yezifo, ukudla okungafanele, ubukhona bezinhlaka, ezilimaza izinyoni. Izinkukhu nazo zivame ukufa ngenxa yokushaywa ugesi, ukulimala okubuhlungu, ukusikeka nokulimala, kanye nobuthi nokundiza ngaphandle kwekhaya labo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Upholi wesifazane wase-Alexandria
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-parrot ase-Alexandria awameleli okungajwayelekile kwezitshalo nezilwane, inani labo liyancipha minyaka yonke. Namuhla, ngokusho kososayensi nabacwaningi, lolu hlobo lwezinyoni alusongelwa ngokuqedwa ngokuphelele, kodwa lusengozini yokuqothulwa. Kwezinye izindawo, inani lezilwane alinakwa, ngokwesibonelo, ePakistan, izakhamuzi zesifundazwe sasePunjab zizizwe zincipha kakhulu isibalo sezinyoni kuleli zwe.
Ensimini yeziqhingi zaseReunion naseRodriguez, izinyoni zibhujiswa ngokuphelele.
Ngaphandle kokwehla okusheshayo kwenani lemigexo ebukekayo, azikho ohlwini lweRed Book futhi azithathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa. EPakistan, ukuhweba ngezinyoni, kanye nokubanjwa kwazo nokuqothulwa kwazo, akuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni. Ngokomthetho, ukuthengiswa kwezinyoni kuvunyelwe kuphela ezindaweni ezikhethekile, lapho ochwepheshe bezala khona izinyoni ngokukhethekile ngalezi zinhloso.
Futhi, ezifundeni lapho inani lezinyoni lincane kakhulu, imiphakathi yokuzithandela yokulondolozwa kwemvelo yenza umkhankaso, ifuna ukuthi kulondolozwe lolu hlobo lwezitshalo nezilwane. I-International Union for Conservation of Nature iveze ukuthi leli pholi lase-Alexandria lisesigabeni esiphansi kakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05/15/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-20: 24
