Manatee Umele izitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane zasendle. Ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izinkomo zasemanzini noma zasolwandle, njengoba zinkulu, futhi zihlukaniswa ngomusa nokuziphatha okuhle kakhulu, okulinganisiwe nobungane. Okunye ukufana nama-ungulates asemhlabeni ukuthi ama-manatees yizilwane ezidla inyama.
Abaphenyi bathi lezi zilwane zinikezwe amandla okuxazulula izinkinga zokuhlola ngendlela efanayo namahlengethwa. Kukhona nokuqhathaniswa kwesilwane nezindlovu. Lokhu kubangelwa hhayi kuphela usayizi, kodwa futhi nokufana okuthile komzimba. Namuhla, lezi zilwane ezinomusa nezimangalisayo zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Manatee
Laba bameleli bezitshalo nezilwane bangabakwa-chordate ezincelisayo, bangabameleli be-oda lama-sirens, abelwe uhlobo lwe-manatees nezinhlobo ze-manatee.
Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo lolu hlobo lwaluhlukaniswe cishe yizinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili ezingaphansi. Kodwa-ke, namuhla bathathu kuphela kubo abahlala ezimweni zemvelo: ama-Amazonia, amaMelika kanye nase-Afrika. Iningi lezinhlobo ezazikhona ngaphambili zaqothulwa ngokuphelele ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18.
Ividiyo: Manatee
Umcwaningi wokuqala owakhuluma ngama-manatee kwakunguColumbus. Yena, njengengxenye yethimba lakhe, wabona laba bameleli eNew World. Amalungu omkhumbi wakhe wokucwaninga athi ubukhulu bezilwane babakhumbuza izimvu zasolwandle.
Ngokusho kwemibhalo yesazi sezilwane sasePoland, umcwaningi nososayensi, ama-manatees phambilini, kuze kube ngu-1850, ayehlala endaweni yaseBering Island kuphela.
Kunemibono eminingi ngemvelaphi yalezi zilwane ezimangazayo. Ngokusho komunye wabo, ama-manatees avela kwizilwane ezincelisayo ezinemilenze emine eziphila emhlabeni. Ziphakathi kwempilo yasolwandle yasendulo kakhulu, njengoba bekucatshangwa ukuthi ibikhona eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-60 edlule.
Iqiniso lokuthi okhokho babo babeyizilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba lifakazelwa ubukhona bezinzipho ezijwayelekile ezingalweni. Izazi zezilwane zithi isihlobo sabo esiqondile nesiseduze kakhulu emhlabeni yindlovu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Animal manatee
Ukubukeka kwe-manatee kuhlaba umxhwele ngempela. Ubude bomzimba we-spindle of giant sea ifinyelela kumamitha amathathu, isisindo somzimba singafinyelela ithani elilodwa. Izimpawu zezindlovu zibonisa ukufiphala kocansi - abesifazane bakhulu futhi banesisindo kunabesilisa.
Inemisila emikhulu futhi enamandla amakhulu emise okwesigwedlo ebasiza ukuzulazula emanzini.
Izilwane zinamehlo amancane, ayindilinga, ajulile, avikelwe ulwelwesi olukhethekile, ngenxa yalokho ama-manatees angaboni kahle, kepha kunalokho ukuzwa okuhle, yize ama-manatees engenayo indlebe yangaphandle. Futhi, izilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini zinomuzwa ojulile wokuhogela. Ingxenye yamakhala ikhulu kakhulu, imbozwe yimidlidlizi emincane, eqinile. Zinezindebe eziguqukayo nezinyakazayo ezenza kube lula ukuqonda ukudla kwezitshalo.
Inhloko igeleza kahle emzimbeni, cishe ihlangana nayo. Ngenxa yokuthi kukho konke ukuphila amazinyo ezilwane avuselelwa, azivumelanisa ngokuphelele nokudla okuguqukayo. Amazinyo aqinile, anamandla agaya kalula noma ikuphi ukudla kwezitshalo. Njengezindlovu, ama-manatees ashintsha amazinyo kukho konke ukuphila kwabo. Kuvela amazinyo amasha emgqeni ongemuva, kancane kancane ethatha indawo endala.
Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, zinama-vertebrae wesibeletho ayisithupha. Mayelana nalokhu, abanalo ikhono lokuguqula amakhanda abo ngezindlela ezihlukile. Uma kunesidingo sokujika ikhanda, ziphenduka ngasikhathi sinye nomzimba wonke.
Ubambo olukhulu luvumela isilwane ukugcina isiqu sime endaweni evundlile futhi sinciphise amandla aso. Izitho zezilwane zimelwe ngamaphiko, amancane maqondana nosayizi womzimba. Zincishisiwe ngandlela thile ezansi futhi zikhuliselwe maqondana nonqenqema. Izeluleko zamaphiko zinamazipho amnyama. Amaphiko asebenza njengohlobo lwezandla zezilwane, ngosizo lwawo ahamba emanzini nasemhlabeni, futhi asiza futhi ekubambeni ukudla akuthumele emlonyeni.
Uhlala kuphi umanatee?
Isithombe: I-manatee yasolwandle
Indawo yokuhlala i-manatee ugu olusentshonalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika, cishe kulo lonke ugu lwase-United States. Imvamisa, izilwane zihlala emadamini amancane hhayi ajulile kakhulu. Bakhetha ukukhetha lawo madamu lapho kunenani elanele lokuphakelwa kokudla. Kanjalo, kungahle kube nemifula, amachibi, ama-cove amancane, amachibi. Kwezinye izimo, zingatholakala ezingxenyeni ezisogwini zemizimba yamanzi emikhulu futhi ejulile ekujuleni okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu nohhafu.
AmaManatee angaba khona ngokukhululeka emanzini ahlanzekile nasolwandle. Zonke izinkomo zasolwandle, kungakhathaleki ukuthi zinhloboni, zithanda amanzi afudumele, izinga lokushisa okungenani okungama-18 degrees. Kuyinto engeyona eyezici ukuthi izilwane zihambe futhi zifuduke njalo futhi zihambe amabanga amade. Zivame ukumboza ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ama-3-4 ngosuku.
Izilwane zikhetha ukuzulazula emanzini angajulile, ngezikhathi ezithile zivele zidonse umoya emaphashini azo.
Izilwane zizwela kakhulu ekwehliseni izinga lokushisa kwamanzi. Uma izinga lokushisa lehla laba ngaphansi kuka- + 6 - +8 degrees, kungadala ukufa kwezilwane. Mayelana nalokhu, ngokuqala kobusika nokuqubuka okubandayo, izilwane zisuka ogwini lwaseMelika ziye eSouth Florida. Imvamisa, izilwane zinqwabelana esifundeni lapho kutholakala khona izitshalo zamandla ezishisayo. Lapho kufika inkathi efudumele, izilwane zibuyela endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Idla ngani i-manatee?
Isithombe: Inkomo yasolwandle yeManatee
Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obukhulu, ama-manatee ayizilwane ezidliwayo. Ukugcwalisa izindleko zamandla omzimba, umuntu omdala oyedwa udinga cishe ama-50-60 kilograms wokudla kwezitshalo. Inani elinjalo lezimila ligaya amazinyo anamandla futhi aqinile. Amazinyo angaphambili avame ukuphela. Kodwa-ke, amazinyo ngemuva ayahamba endaweni yawo.
Izilwane zichitha isikhathi esiningi sosuku zidla emadlelweni okuthiwa asolwandle. Badla ukudla ikakhulukazi emanzini angajulile, behamba cishe phansi. Ngesikhathi sokumunzwa kokudla, ama-manatees asebenza ngenkuthalo ngamaphiko, akhiphe ulwelwe nawo futhi awalethe emlonyeni. Izinkomo zasolwandle zisebenza kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ngalesi sikhathi badla ukudla. Ngemuva kokudla okuningi, bakhetha ukuphumula ngokwanele futhi balale kahle.
Ukuhlukahluka kokudla kuncike esifundeni sokuhlala. Izilwane ezihlala olwandle zithanda ukudla amakhambi asolwandle. AmaManatee, ahlala emzimbeni wamanzi ahlanzekile, adla uhlaza lwamanzi angenasawoti kanye nolwelwe. Imvamisa, ukuze zizondle ngokudla okwanele, izilwane kufanele zithuthele kwezinye izifunda ziyofuna izimila. Noma iziphi izinhlobo zezimila zasolwandle nezasemanzini zingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokudla. Ezimweni ezingavamile, izinhlanzi ezincane nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane angenamgogodla emanzini zinciphisa ukudla okudla imifino.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Manatee nendoda
Izinkomo zasolwandle zivame ukuhlala zodwa noma ngambili. Izilwane aziboshelwe kunoma iyiphi indawo ethile, ngakho-ke azinasizathu sokuba nobutha futhi zinqume umholi, kanye nokuvikela indawo yazo. Ukuhlalwa okukhulu kwama-manatee kungabonwa ngenkathi yokuhlangana noma esifundeni lapho kunemithombo yamanzi afudumele, noma amanzi afudunyezwa yilanga eliqondile. Ngokwemvelo, iqembu lama-manatees libizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganiswa. Isibalo sokuhlanganiswa akuvamile ukweqa abantu abayisithupha kuya kwabayisikhombisa.
Ukuvela kwezilwane kudala umuzwa wezikhumulo ezesabekayo, ezinolaka. Noma kunjalo, ukubukeka akulona iqiniso. Izilwane zilula, zinobungane, futhi azinalo nolaka ngokwendalo. AmaManatee abonakala njengezilwane ezifuna ukwazi kakhulu ezethemba kalula ngisho nomuntu futhi azesabi ukuxhumana naye ngqo.
Ijubane elijwayele ukubhukuda ngalo liyi-7-9 km / h. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo zingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-25 km / h.
Izilwane azikwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyishumi nambili. Kodwa-ke, abachithi isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini. Izilwane ezincelisayo zichitha iningi lempilo yazo emanzini. Ukuze babe echibini isikhathi eside, badinga umoya. Kodwa-ke, ukugcwalisa amaphaphu ngeoksijini, anyukela phezulu bese umane uwudonsele amakhala. Izilwane zizizwa zikhululekile kakhulu ekujuleni kwemitha elilodwa nengxenye kuya kwamabili.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby Manatee
Abesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili eminyakeni eyi-10 kuphela ngemuva kokuzalwa, kanti abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi - ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni emihlanu. Isikhathi sokuzalisa asiyona inkathi ethile yonyaka. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani elikhulu kakhulu lezingane lizalwa ngesikhathi sekwindla-ehlobo. Imvamisa, abesilisa abaningana bathi banelungelo lokungena ebudlelwaneni bomshado nowesifazane. Isikhathi sokuqomisana siyaqhubeka aze anikeze ukukhetha komunye umuntu.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ukukhulelwa kwenzeka, okuthatha izinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-14. Uphawu lwendlovu olusanda kuzalwa lufinyelela kuma-30-35 kilograms futhi lungamamitha ayi-1-1.20 ubude. Amantshontsho avela ngasikhathi sinye ngasikhathi sinye, kuyaqabukela abe mabili. Inqubo yokubeletha yenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi. Masinyane ngemuva kokuzalwa, ingane idinga ukufika ebusweni bamanzi idonsele umoya emaphashini. Unina uyamsiza kulokhu.
Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zijwayela izimo zezemvelo, futhi zingadla ngokuzimela ukudla kwezitshalo, kusukela enyangeni eyodwa ubudala. Kodwa-ke, insikazi yondla abasha ngobisi kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-17-20.
Izazi ze-Zoologists zithi lezi zilwane zinobudlelwano obuqinile ngendlela ecishe bungancibiliki phakathi kwengane nomama. Banamathele kuye cishe impilo yabo yonke. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila sezilwane ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka engama-50-60. Ama-Zoologists athi ama-manatees anomsebenzi ophansi wokuzala, nawo othinta kabi inani lezilwane.
Izitha zemvelo zama-manatees
Isithombe: I-Animal manatee
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi endaweni yemvelo laba bameleli bezitshalo nezilwane cishe abanazo izitha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ekujuleni kolwandle cishe azikho izilwane eziphakeme ngosayizi namandla kumanatees. Isitha esiyinhloko umuntu nemisebenzi yakhe. Kwakungabantu ababangela ukunyamalala okucishe kuphelele kwezinkomo zasolwandle.
Abantu bathola laba bameleli bokuphila kwasolwandle ngekhulu le-17 baqala ukubabhubhisa ngokungenasihawu. Kubantu, hhayi inyama enambithekayo kuphela, ebibhekwa njengesibiliboco ngaso sonke isikhathi, ebonakala iyigugu, kepha futhi inamafutha athambile futhi athambile. Yasetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu kweminye imithi yokwelapha, ngesisekelo sayo amafutha, ama-gel, ama-lotion alungiswa. Izilwane nazo zazizingelwa ngenhloso yokuthola izikhumba. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuqothulwa kwezilwane, ngaphezu kokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho nokubulawa kwabantu ngamabomu.
Izizathu zokuqothulwa kohlobo:
- Izilwane ziyafa ngenxa yokuthi zihamba ebusweni baphansi, zidla uhlaza lapho kutholakala khona imishini yokudoba. Ukuzigwinyela kanye nolwelwe, izilwane zizilahlekisela ekufeni okuhamba kancane, okubuhlungu;
- esinye isizathu sokufa kwama-manatee ukungcoliswa nokubhujiswa kwendawo yazo yemvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokungena kukadoti oyingozi emizimbeni yamanzi, noma ukwakhiwa kwamadamu;
- izikebhe neminye imikhumbi yasolwandle ibeka engcupheni impilo nenani lama-manatee ngenxa yokuthi izilwane azihlali zizizwa zisondela. izilwane eziningi zifa ngaphansi kwezikebhe zemikhumbi ezinama-helical;
- ama-manatee amancane, angavuthiwe angaba yizisulu zama-tiger shark noma ama-caimans emifuleni eshisayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: AmaManatee
Kuze kube manje, zonke izinhlobo zama-manatee zibhalwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Izazi zezilwane zilinganisela ukuthi emashumini amabili eminyaka ezayo, inani lezilwane lizokwehla cishe ngesisodwa.
Idatha yobuningi bezimpawu zezindlovu kunzima ukuyithola, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezihlala ezifundeni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, ezingafinyeleleki ogwini lwase-Amazonia. Ngaphandle kokuthi imininingwane eqondile ngenani lezilwane ayikho namuhla, izazi zezilwane zisikisela ukuthi inani lama-manatee ase-Amazonia lingaphansi nje kwabantu abayi-10 000.
Izilwane ezihlala eFlorida, noma abamele i-Antilles, zabalwa ohlwini lweRed Book emuva ngonyaka we-1970.
Ososayensi benze izibalo ezilinganiselwe futhi bathola ukuthi phakathi kwabo bonke abantu abakhona ezimweni zemvelo, cishe abangama-2500 bavuthiwe ngokocansi. Leli qiniso linikeza isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi njalo eminyakeni engamashumi amabili inani labantu lizokwehla cishe ngama-25-30%.
Eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule, kwenziwe umsebenzi omkhulu wokwandisa inani nokugcina izinhlobo, okube nemiphumela. Kusukela ngoMashi 31, 2017, ama-manatee aseshintshe isimo sawo ekubeni asengozini yokuqedwa ngokuphelele asengozini. Abadobi, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo abahlala kuyo kusabangela ukwehla kwamanani ezilwane.
Unogada wemanatee
Isithombe: AmaManatees avela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Ukonga izilwane, izilwane zabalwa ohlwini lweRed Book lomhlaba jikelele. Banikezwa isikhundla sohlobo olusongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Iziphathimandla zase-US zenze imizamo eminingi. Benze uhlelo olukhethekile lokugcina indawo yemvelo yezilwane. Ukuzizingela bekungavunyelwe ezingeni lomthetho futhi ukwephula lo mthetho kuyicala lobugebengu.
Futhi, iziphathimandla zaseMelika zivimbele ukudoba nokuphonsa amanetha ezindaweni zokuhlala i-manatee. Ngaphansi komthetho wase-US, noma ngubani owephula le mithetho futhi abulale noma azi ngenhloso noma ngamabomu, ubhekene nenhlawulo engu- $ 3,000 noma izinyanga ezingama-24 zabasebenzi bokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe. Ngo-1976, kwaqaliswa uhlelo lokuvuselela izilwane e-United States.
Uhlelo luye lwancoma ukulawulwa kokulahlwa kukadoti ovela embonini yokucwenga uwoyela emanzini avulekile, kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezikebhe zezimoto nemikhumbi emanzini angajulile nalapho kusolwa khona ukuthi kuhlaliswa izindikimba zezindlovu, kanye nokuvinjelwa okuqinile ekuzingeleni kusetshenziswa amanetha okudoba.
Manatee - Abamele abamangalisayo bezitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane zasendle. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obukhulu nokubukeka okwesabekayo, lezi yizilwane ezinomusa kakhulu futhi ezinobungane, isizathu sokunyamalala komuntu nethonya lakhe eliyingozi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08.05.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-17: 37
