Cishe wonke umuntu ujwayelene nezinhlanzi ezinjenge uhlobo lwenhlazi yasemfuleni crucian, ngoba isakazeke ezindaweni eziningi zamanzi. I-carp ethosiwe ethosiwe ayiyona into emnandi nhlobo, ingahlala ibonakala etafuleni. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi i-carpian crucp ithandwa kanjani, kepha bambalwa abazi ngempilo yayo, imikhuba nokuziphatha kwayo. Ake sizame ukufunda indlela yokuphila yale nhlanzi futhi sithole amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Karas
I-carp yaseCrucian ingeyomndeni we-carp futhi ingeyesigaba sezinhlanzi ezenziwe nge-ray ezivela ku-carp oda. Igama layo livela ezilimini zakudala zolimi lwesiJalimane futhi incazelo ngqo yaleli gama ayaziwa. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lusakazeke kakhulu emizimbeni ehlukahlukene yamanzi angenasawoti. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-carp crucian, encazelweni esizoqhubeka ngayo.
I-carp ejwayelekile (egolide) ye-crucian inomzimba omcaba kodwa oyindilinga. Isiphetho esitholakala ngemuva siphakeme impela futhi sinombala onsundu onsundu, njengomsila. Amanye amaphiko mancane futhi abomvu ngokubomvu. Ezinhlangothini, i-carp crucian imbozwe izikali ezinkulu zegolide-zethusi, futhi umhlane wayo umnyama - nsundu. Isisu senhlanzi sinombala wokukhanya uma siqhathaniswa nommango nezinhlangothi. Kunezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zale carp crucian, isisindo sayo esifinyelela ku-5 kg, nobude bomzimba bufinyelela kwengxenye yemitha.
Le carp ye-crucian isabalale kulo lonke elaseYurophu, yazinza:
- I-Great Britain;
- ISwitzerland;
- ENorway;
- Sweden;
- ISlovakia;
- EMakedoniya;
- ECroatia;
- I-Italy.
Le nhlobo yohlobo lwenhlazi yasemfuleni i-crucian nayo ihlala eChina, eMongolia, engxenyeni yase-Asia yezwe lethu, ithanda amadamu amakhulu, amachibi, anodaka.
Ekuqaleni, i-carp yesiliva yayihlala emifuleni yase-Pacific basin, kepha kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule ibilokhu ixazululwe ngobuciko ezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika, eNdiya, eSiberia, eChina, eMpumalanga Ekude, e-Ukraine, ePoland, eLatvia, eBelarus, eRomania, e-Italy, eJalimane, ePortugal. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezindaweni eziningi zedolobhana elisha leli crucian liye lashintsha kancane kancane isihlobo salo segolide, uma kuqhathaniswa nalo elincane kakhulu ngosayizi.
Ubuningi be-fishfish cishe abudluli amakhilogremu amathathu, futhi ubude bayo obukhulu bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40. Inhlanzi inesilinganiso esikhulu, esidwetshiwe ngombala osampunga osampunga noma ohlaza okotshani. Kuyivelakancane ukuthola izinhlanzi ezinombala wegolide noma osawolintshi-pink. Zonke izimpiko zale carp esiphambanweni zinombala ompunga futhi zibala.
I-goldfish inekhono eliyingqayizivele eliyivumela ukuthi ivumelane nemvelo yayo futhi iguqule ukubukeka kwayo ngokuhambisana nayo, ngenxa yokuthi abantu benze uhlobo olusha olubizwa nge- "goldfish".
I-goldfish inezinhlobo eziningi eziphansi, ezibalelwa kumakhulu amaningana. Cishe zonke izinhlanzi zasemanzini, ubude bazo buhluka kusuka kumasentimitha amabili kuya kwamashumi amane nanhlanu, futhi imibala ekhanyayo ihluke kakhulu.
Ukuma kwe-fishfish kungaba:
- eyindilinga;
- side (zinwetshiwe);
- ovoid.
Ngaphezu kokwehluka kwezimo nemibala, lolu hlobo lwe-carp crucian luyehluka ngosayizi wamaphiko alo. Amehlo alezi zinhlanzi angaba mncane noma makhulu, abe namandla ngokuqina.
Kuku-fishfish lapho izivivinyo ezidingekayo ocwaningweni lwesayensi zivame ukwenziwa; yizinhlanzi zokuqala ezake zaba semkhathini.
I-carpian yaseJapan ihlala emanzini aseJapan naseTaiwan, izinhlobo zasendle zingabonakala echibini laseJapan iBiwa., Ubukhulu be-carp busuka ku-35 kuye ku-40 cm.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Fish crucian
Ngemuva kokuqonda izici zomuntu ngamunye wohlobo ngalunye lwe-carpian crucian, kufanelekile ukunikeza incazelo ejwayelekile yokubonakala kwale nhlanzi ejwayelekile. Ngaphandle, i-carpian crucian ifana kakhulu ne-carp, lokhu akumangazi, ngoba bangamalungu omndeni owodwa. Lapho uwaqhathanisa, isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke esihlukanisayo yinhloko encane. Umlomo we-carp crucian ubuye mncane kunalowo we-carp futhi awuphumeli phambili kakhulu, awunantshebe.
Isimo somzimba we-carpian crucian sine-oblong, kepha siphezulu, sicishe sifane ne-rhombus, umzimba wezinhlanzi uthotshisiwe ezinhlangothini. I-dorsal fin enkulu ine-outline. Inhlanzi imbozwe izikali ezibushelelezi nezinkulu, imibala yayo iyehluka ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, kepha imibala evame kakhulu igolide nesiliva. Ummango wezinhlanzi unamandla impela futhi uqine.
Ekuvuleni umlomo okuncane kunamazinyo olayini owodwa wepharyngeal. Ngokuyinhloko, amehlo we-carp crucian mancane. Okunye okumehluko wawo ubukhona bezinhlayiya ezibhobozayo emaphikweni endunu nomgogodla. Isisindo esijwayelekile sokhaphethi we-crucian sisuka kuma-gramu angama-200 kuye kwangama-500; ama-specimens amakhulu futhi anesisindo atholakala ngokungajwayelekile.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-carpian crucian sihlukile. Upende wegolide ungabalwa phakathi kweminyaka eyikhulu, ungaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12. Izinduna zesiliva azivamile ukusinda zineminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, yize ezinye zikwazi ukunqoba lesi sinyathelo esiqavile futhi ziphile eminye iminyaka embalwa, kepha lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile kakhulu.
Ihlala kuphi i-carp crucian?
Isithombe: I-Big fish crucian
Ungamangali ukuthi i-carpian crucian isatshalaliswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, ngoba iqine kakhulu futhi ayithobekile. Ububanzi obubanzi be-carp crucian babuye buqhutshwa yimisebenzi yabantu, abayibeka ezindaweni eziningi ngezindlela zokuzenzela. Le nhlanzi izivumelanisa ngokuphelele nazo zonke izinhlobo zamachibi, amachibi, imifula.
Ososayensi-ichthyologists bathole ukuthi ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, imigodi engaphansi kwamanzi futhi lapho inqwaba yodaka iqongelela, i-carp ye-crucian izizwa ikhululeke kakhulu futhi iqala ukuzala kakhulu ngokusebenzayo. I-carp yaseCrucian igwema kuphela amadamu asezintabeni.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle (isithwathwa esiningi ngokweqile, isomiso esinzima), i-crucian carp igubha ijule kakhulu (kuze kufike kumasentimitha angamashumi ayisikhombisa) futhi ilinda ngempumelelo zonke izinhlekelele zemvelo lapho.
AbakwaKaras abayinakanga i-Italy, iPoland, iPortugal, iJalimane, iRomania, iGreat Britain, iHungary, iKazakhstan, iChina, iBelarus, iMongolia, iKorea, lapho behlala khona ngokuphepha. Le nhlanzi ayideleli amanzi abandayo aseSiberia, ekhethe iKolyma nePrimorye. I-carp yaseCrucian nayo ingabanjwa ezindaweni zasePakistan, eNdiya, e-USA naseThailand.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukuma kwendawo okuhlala kuyo ukhaphethi kubanzi kakhulu; inemvume yokuhlala unomphela kwamanye amazwe angabhalisiwe lapha. Lapha ingabanjwa cishe yonke indawo, izwa kamnandi, zombili ezimweni zasendle nezenziwe ngokwenziwa. Abathanda ukudoba ngokungangabazeki bazokuqinisekisa lokhu.
Ukuzalelwa kokuqala kokhokho we-crucian kwaqalwa ngamaShayina, kwenzeka emuva ngekhulu lesikhombisa AD.
Idla ngani i-carp crucian?
Isithombe: River fish crucian
I-carp yaseCrucian ingabizwa ngokuthi umhlali wasemanzini omnivorous. Imenyu yayo ihluke kakhulu. Ake sibheke izintandokazi zezinhlanzi, kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Amafry asanda kuzalwa anesikhwama se-yolk nawo, ahlala nawo ngemuva kokukhula kombungu, ukuthola umsoco basebenzisa okuqukethwe kulesi sikhwama, okugcina amandla abo namandla.
I-carp evuthiwe kancane iqala ukondla i-daphnia ne-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Eduze nenyanga, izikelemu zegazi nezibungu zazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezihlala emanzini ziyavela ekudleni kwezingane.
Izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe zinemenyu ecebile futhi ehlukahlukene. Ukudla kwabo kufaka ama-annelids nama-crustaceans amancane, zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane zezinambuzane. Izimpande neziqu zezitshalo zasogwini lwasolwandle nazo zisebenza njengokudla kwe-carp ye-crucian. Uthanda ukudla i-duckweed nama-algae ahlukahlukene.
Abadobi sekuyisikhathi eside beqonda ukuthi uhlobo lwenhlazi yasemfuleni i-crucian ayikuphikisi ukudla zonke izinhlobo zokusanhlamvu:
- okufana nokolweni;
- ukolweni;
- iparele lebhali.
Inhlama yamabhotela nemvuthuluka yesinkwa senhlanzi yizibiliboco zangempela. Umuzwa wephunga le-carp ye-crucian umane nje muhle, ngakho-ke uzizwa enhlobonhlobo yalokhu noma lokho kudoba kude. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ama-crucian afana nephunga elibukhali nelinamandla (isibonelo, igalikhi), abadobi abalisebenzisela ukuloba kwabo.
Umugqa ohlangothini we-carp we-crucian ungabizwa ngokuthi yi-organ of uzwela lwayo oluhle kakhulu, ngosizo lwenhlanzi ehlola ikholomu yamanzi, ethola idatha yendawo lapho kudliwe khona, ubukhulu bayo, ubude bebanga elikulo. Iphinde inqume ukuba khona kwabafuna okubi.
Kusukela eqinisweni lokuthi i-crucian yayingathandi ukunambitha, i-hornwort ingabizwa, iqukethe i-tannin eningi, evimbela izinambuzane nezibungu, ezithanda ukudliwa yi-crucian.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Karas
Ukungathobeki nokukhuthazela kokhokho we-crucian kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi isakaze kabanzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemizimba yamanzi. Izinga le-oxygen ohlwini lwamanzi alibalulekile kuye njengepike, ngakho-ke angaphila kalula ebusika obunzima kakhulu emachibini amancane.
I-carp yaseCrucian ithanda amanzi amile, ayithandi ngisho nomswakama obuthakathaka, kepha lapho ikhona khona, nayo iyangena. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-goldfish ivame kakhulu emanzini agijimayo kune-congener yayo yegolide. Kepha owokugcina unokukhuthazela okukhulu.
I-Silt, udaka, ukukhula okuminyene kogu, i-duckweed - lezi yizimpawu zokuphila okujabulisayo nokunganaki kwama-crucians, akhonza amadamu ngakho konke lokhu okukhangayo. Odakeni, i-carp crucian ithola ukudla kwayo, ingazingcwaba ngobuciko odakeni ukuze ilinde noma iyiphi ingozi noma isimo sezulu esingesihle, futhi ukujula kokucwiliswa kwayo ngaphansi kosilika kungadlula isigamu semitha. Ngokuvamile, i-carpian crucian izizwa ikhululekile lapho kungelula khona ukuthi ezinye izinhlanzi zisinde.
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-current iyisitha se-carp crucian, iyamkhipha emandleni akhe, ingeza ukungahambi kahle. Futhi esimweni esinjalo, akunzima ukuba idina lesidlo esithile. Lapho phansi kunesihlabathi noma kunamadwala, nawe ngeke uyithole le nhlanzi, ngoba ezindaweni ezinjalo kunzima kubo ukuthola ukudla futhi cishe akukho ndawo yokucasha. Ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi nezingahambeki, ezinqwabelene kakhulu, i-crucian carp ikhiqiza kahle futhi ikhule ngokushesha, imvamisa kuba ukuphela kwezinhlanzi ezikulezi zindawo zokugcina amanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi i-carp crucian ivela lapho ibingahlali khona ngaphambilini, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinyoni ezihlala emanzini zithwala amaqanda azo ezimpapheni zazo.
Yize icarpian carp incane futhi ifiphele, iphunga layo liyamangalisa nje, liyakwazi ukubamba iphunga elincane ebangeni elide kakhulu. I-sideline ebucayi kakhulu ye-carp crucian nayo iyimfanelo ebalulekile esiza ukuthola izinto ezahlukahlukene emanzini zivela kude, okuvame ukusindisa impilo ye-carp crucian. I-carp yaseCrucian isebenza kakhulu ekuseni noma kusihlwa; kwezinye izindawo, i-carpian crucian ingasebenza kusihlwa. Ngokuvamile, i-carpian crucian iyinhlanzi enokuthula nokuzola, ekhetha ukungangeni ezingxabanweni, kepha ukulala phansi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Carp Little crucian
Ngokuqondene nokwakheka komphakathi kwe-crucian carp, lezi zinhlanzi zingabizwa ngokufunda, yize kwenzeka ukuthi izinhlobo eziqinile ngosayizi zikhetha ukuhlala zodwa ngokuphelele. Izidumbu zaseCrucian zihlala phansi futhi ziyizinhlanzi eziqaphe kakhulu, kepha ngesikhathi sokuzala zingangena emifuleni eseduze nemifula.
Ababetheli abavuthiwe ngokocansi basondela eminyakeni emine noma emihlanu. Imvamisa, isikhathi sabo sokuzala siwela ngoMeyi-Juni, konke kuncike ekutheni amanzi afudumele kangakanani, izinga lokushisa lawo kufanele libe ngama-degree angama-18 anophawu lokuhlanganisa. Ukuzala kungenzeka kaningana ngonyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukudla kwe-carp crucian akuthandi nakancane, ngakho-ke, akusizi ngalutho ukubamba le nhlanzi.
Ukuze zizale, abesifazane basondela ngasogwini, lapho kunezimila eziningi khona. Ukuzalelwa kwe-carpian ye-crucian yi-multistage, kwenzeka ngamakhefu ezinsuku eziyishumi. Owesifazane oyedwa angabeka amaqanda afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingamakhulu amathathu. Zonke zinamathela kahle futhi zinamathela ezitshalweni zasemanzini.
ICrucian carp caviar inombala ophuzi ngokukhanyayo, nobubanzi bamaqanda bungu-millimitha elilodwa kuphela. Cishe ngemuva kwesonto, imibungu engamamilimitha amane ubude ichanyuselwa kuyo. Eduze kwesikhathi sekwindla, izingane zingakhula zifike ku-5 cm ubude. Imvamisa, inani labo lokusinda liba yi-10, futhi lokhu kungaphansi kwezimo ezinhle. Ososayensi baqaphele ukuthi abesifazane abaningi kakhulu bazalwa ngezinhlanzi zegolide kunabesilisa (cishe amahlandla ayisihlanu).
Ubukhulu be-carp crucian nentuthuko yabo buxhomeke enanini lokuphakelayo. Uma inala, khona-ke lapho ineminyaka emibili ubudala inhlanzi inesisindo esingama-gramu angama-300, ngokudla okuncane, i-carpian crucian iyakwazi ukusinda, kepha izosinda kuphela amagremu amashumi ambalwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Inqubo efana ne-gynogenesis isici se-carpian crucian. Kwenzeka lapho ingekho i-carpian yesilisa echibini. Insikazi kufanele izale nezinye izinhlanzi (i-carp, i-bream, i-roach). Ngenxa yalokhu, iziphambano zabesifazane kuphela ezizalwa nge-caviar.
Izitha zemvelo ze-carp
Isithombe: Fish crucian
Akumangalisi ukuthi izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidlayo ziyizitha ze-carpian crucian. Owokuqala phakathi kwabo angabizwa ngokuthi i-pike, evele ithande ukudla i-carp. Mane ukhumbule isaga esaziwa kakhulu: "yilokho okuyi-pike, ukuze i-carpian crucian ingalali." I-carp e-clumsy clumsy ingabanjwa ngesidlo sasemini nezinhlanzi ezinjenge-pike perch ne-asp.
Vele, i-carp yabantu abadala futhi enkulu inezitha eziphindwe kaningana kunezilwane ezincane, gazinga namaqanda ale nhlanzi, okuvame ukuwela emilonyeni yamaswidi namaxoxo. Bacekela phansi amaqanda nezinhlanzi ezisanda kuzalwa ngobuningi obukhulu. Ngokumangazayo, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini (izimbungulu ezinemigqa, izimbungulu, amabhungane okuntywila) zihlasela gazinga lwenhlazi yasemfuleni ngobudlova obukhulu, futhi ukuminza kwesibungu sabo kumangalisa nje.
Ngaphezu kwezinkinga ezivela kukholamu lamanzi, ukuhlaselwa komoya okusheshayo kwezinyoni nakho kulindela i-crucian carp. Ngakho-ke, ama-kingfisher kanye nama-gull bathanda ukunambitha i-carp. Izinyoni nazo zingathwala izifo zezinhlanzi eziyingozi. Amadada ezinyoni zasemanzini nawo awakuphikisi ukudla ama-crucian asezingeni eliphakathi, kanti izindwandwe ezimpunga ezinemilenze emide zidla eziningi zazo.
Izilwane ezidlayo nazo aziphikisi ekubambeni ukhokho we-crucian, ongaba yisidlwana esimnandi sama-otters, ama-muskrats, ama-desman, ama-ferrets. Ngisho nempungushe ebomvu iyakwazi ukubamba i-carpian crucian emanzini angajulile, uma inenhlanhla.
Njengoba ubona, i-carp crucian inabangane abaningi, ikakhulukazi abasha. Kepha iningi labaphangi libhujiswa ngabantu abathanda ukudoba. Imvamisa, i-crucian carp iluma kahle endukwini ejwayelekile yokuntanta, yize kunamanye amadivayisi amaningi wokuyibamba (ukudoba kokuphotha kanye ne-feeder, ibhendi yenjoloba, idonka). Sekuyisikhathi eside abadobi befunda ngemikhuba ye-crucian nokunambitheka okuthandayo, ngakho-ke bayazi ukuthi bangayiheha kanjani le nhlanzi. Njengokudoba, ama-crucian ayaziswa kakhulu. Inyama yabo emhlophe futhi emnandi ibhekwa njengokudla futhi inempilo kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Karas
Ku-fishfish, isilinganiso sobulili cishe silingana. Esihlotsheni sesiliva, inani labesifazane kwesinye isikhathi libusa ngaphezu kowesilisa. Kunobufakazi bokuthi inani labesilisa phakathi kwenhlanzi yegolide lingamaphesenti ayishumi kuphela. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, i-carp yegolide ibiyinhlobo evelele emadamini amaningi, manje isimo sesishintshile, futhi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene yathathelwa indawo ngozakwabo besiliva ngemuva kokuthi ihlaliswe kabusha ngokungeyena. Ngokwandayo, inzalo eyakhiwe ngokuwela lezi zinhlobo ezimbili yaqala ukuvela.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ukudoba i-crucian carp kuyasebenza impela, ubukhulu babantu bayo abunankinga kulokhu, kusalokhu kunguhlobo lwezinhlanzi olwandile. Ososayensi-ichthyologists banemininingwane yokuthi kule minyaka engama-50 edlule kube nokuzinza enombolweni ye-carpian crucian. Akukho ukweqa maqondana nokwanda noma ukwehla okukhulu kwabantu. Futhi inani le-fishfish liyanda yonke indawo. Isimo sezinhlobo zayo sithi le nhlanzi iyinto yokudoba ezemidlalo, ezasekhaya nezabantu abathanda ukudoba.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqothulwa kwe-carpian ye-crucian akusongelwa, futhi indawo yokuhlala yayo ibanzi kakhulu. Mhlawumbe le carp ye-crucian ikweleta izimfanelo zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu - ukungathobeki, ukukhuthazela okukhulu nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Ekugcineni, kusazokwengezwa ukuthi yize isimo senani le-carpian lihle, abantu akufanele baphendukele ekuzingeleni ngokungemthetho, babambe ngonya lo mhlali onobuhle futhi onokuthula emizimbeni yamanzi ethulile. Carp ngeke ikwazi ukumelana nokuzingela ngokungenakuphikiswa. Ukuhlala osebeni ngenjabulo ngenduku yokudoba kuyinto eyodwa, futhi ukubekwa kabanzi kwamanetha kuqhamuka kwi-opera ehluke ngokuphelele, enenkinga nenkinga.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04/29/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-23: 25
