Ingwe yaseSumatran, ngokungafani nabanye abazalwane, igama laso livumela indawo okuyiyo yodwa nehlala njalo yokuhlala kwakhe - isiqhingi saseSumatra. Akatholakali kwenye indawo. Ama-subspecies mancane kunakho konke, kepha kubhekwa njengolaka kakhulu. Mhlawumbe, okhokho bakhe ngaphezu kwabanye bathatha isipiliyoni esingajabulisi sokuxhumana nomuntu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Sumatran Tiger
Ubufakazi bokuvela kwezinhlobo buvela ezifundweni eziningi zezinsalela zezilwane. Ngokuhlaziywa kwe-phylogenetic, ososayensi bafakazele ukuthi i-East Asia isibe isikhungo esiyinhloko semvelaphi. Izinsalela ezindala kakhulu zatholakala kuhlaka lukaJethys futhi zihlehlela emuva eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.67-1.80 edlule.
Ukuhlaziywa kweGenomic kukhombisa ukuthi izingwe zeqhwa zehlukane nokhokho behlosi eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.67 edlule. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwe-Panthera tigris sumatrae kwaba ezokuqala ezahlukana nezinye izinhlobo. Lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-67.3 edlule. Ngalesi sikhathi, intaba-mlilo iToba yaqhuma esiqhingini saseSumatra.
Ividiyo: ISumatran Tiger
Izazi ze-paleontologists zinesiqiniseko sokuthi lokhu kuholele ekwehleni kwezinga lokushisa kuyo yonke iplanethi nokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane nezitshalo. Ososayensi banamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi inani elithile lamahlosi likwazile ukusinda ngenxa yale nhlekelele futhi, njengoba sebenze abantu abahlukene, bahlala ezindaweni eziqhelelene.
Ngezindinganiso zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokuphelele, ukhokho ovamile wamahlosi ubekhona muva nje, kepha ama-subspecies anamuhla asevele enokhetho lwemvelo. Isakhi sofuzo i-ADH7 esitholakale ehlungwini laseSumatran sidlale indima ebalulekile kulokhu. Ososayensi baxhumanise ubukhulu besilwane nalesi sici. Phambilini leli qembu belifaka amahlosi aseBalinese nawaseJavane, kepha manje asephelile nya.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isilwane sehlosi laseSumatran
Ngaphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo, ihlosi laseSumatran lihlukaniswa ngemikhuba nokubukeka kwalo okukhethekile. Umbala womzimba u-orange noma obomvu ngokubomvu. Ngenxa yendawo esondelene nayo, imivimbo ebanzi ivame ukuhlangana ndawonye, futhi imvamisa yayo iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yezazi.
Imilenze eqinile yakhelwe ngemivimbo, ngokungafani nengwe ye-Amur. Imilenze yangemuva mide kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi izilwane zingagxuma zisuke endaweni ezihleli kuyo ebangeni elingafika kumamitha ayi-10. Ezidladleni zangaphambili kunezinzwane ezine, phakathi kwazo kukhona ulwelwesi, kuzidladla zangemuva kukhona 5. uzipho oluhlehlisekayo lobukhali obumangalisayo lufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10 ngobude.
Ngenxa yokushiswa oseceleni okude ezihlathini nasentanyeni, izifonyo zabesilisa zivikeleke ngokwethembeka emagatsheni lapho zihamba ngokushesha ehlathini. Umsila oqinile futhi omude usebenza njenge-balancer ngenkathi ugijima, usiza ukujika ngokushesha lapho ushintsha indlela ohamba ngayo, futhi ukhombisa nemizwa lapho uxhumana nabanye abantu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunezindawo ezimhlophe ngemuva kwezindlebe eduze kwezindlebe, ezisebenza njengeqhinga labadli abazohlasela ihlosi ngemuva.
Amazinyo abukhali angama-30 afinyelela ku-9 cm ubude futhi asiza ukuluma ngokushesha ngesikhumba sesisulu. Ukulunywa yingwe engaka kuba nengcindezi engama-450 kg. Amehlo makhulu ngokwanele ngomfundi oyindilinga. Iris iphuzi, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuma-albino. Amakati asendle anombono wombala. Ama-tubercles acijile olimini asiza ukusheshe akhiphe isilwane esibulewe futhi ahlukanise inyama nethambo.
- Ukuphakama kwesilinganiso lapho kubuna - 60 cm .;
- Ubude besilisa buyi-2.2-2.7 m;
- Ubude bezinsikazi bungu-1.8-2.2 m;
- Isisindo sabesilisa singu-110-130 kg .;
- Isisindo sabesifazane singama-70-90 kg .;
- Umsila ungu-0.9-1.2 m ubude.
Ihlala kuphi ihlosi laseSumatran?
Isithombe: Ingwe yaseSumatran ngokwemvelo
Ingwe yaseSumatran ivame kuso sonke isiqhingi sase-Indonesia iSumatra.
Indawo yokuhlala ihluke kakhulu:
- Ihlathi elishisayo;
- Amahlathi asogwini acinene futhi anomswakama;
- Amahlathi asezintabeni;
- Ama-peat bogs;
- Savannah;
- Imihlume.
Indawo encane yendawo yokuhlala kanye nokugcwala kwabantu okukhulu yizinto ezingezinhle zokwanda kwenani lezinhlobo ezincane. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, indawo yokuhlala amahlosi aseSumatran iye yashintsha kakhulu ezweni. Lokhu kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla amakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzingela kanye nokujwayela ukuphoqelelwa kwezimo ezintsha.
Izilwane ezidla ezinye zithanda kakhulu izindawo ezinotshani obuningi, imithambeka yezintaba lapho ungathola khona indawo yokuhlala, nezindawo ezinothe ngemithombo yamanzi nokutholakala kokudla okuhle. Indima ebalulekile idlalwa ibanga elanele ukusuka ezindaweni ezihlala abantu.
Amakati asendle agwema abantu, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nawo emasimini ezolimo. Ukuphakama okuphezulu lapho zingatholakala khona kufinyelela kumakhilomitha angu-2.6 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ihlathi elisemithambekeni yezintaba lithandwa kakhulu yizilwane ezidla ezinye.
Isilwane ngasinye sinendawo yaso. Abesifazane bazwana kalula endaweni efanayo bodwa. Ubungako bendawo ehlala izingwe kuncike ekuphakameni kwendawo kanye nenani lezisulu kulezi zindawo. Iziza zabesifazane abadala zanda ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele angama-30-65, abesilisa - kuze kufike kumakhilomitha-skwele ayi-120.
Idlani ihlosi laseSumatran?
Isithombe: Sumatran Tiger
Lezi zilwane azithandi ukuhlala ziqamekele isikhathi eside, zibukele izisulu. Njengoba zibona inyamazane, ziyahogela, zithule ngokunyenya futhi zihlasele ngokuzumayo. Bayakwazi ukuletha isisulu ekukhathaleni, banqobe amahlathi aminyene nezinye izithiyo futhi bakuphishekele cishe kuso sonke isiqhingi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunecala elaziwayo lapho ihlosi lijaha inyathi, ikubheka njengesisulu esingandile kakhulu futhi esinenzuzo, izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Uma ukuzingela kuphumelele futhi inyamazane inkulu kakhulu, ukudla kungahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Futhi, ihlosi lingabelana nezinye izihlobo, ikakhulukazi uma kungabantu besifazane. Basebenzisa cishe ama-5-6 kilograms enyama ngosuku, uma indlala inamandla, bese kuba ngu-9-10 kg.
Amahlosi aseSumatran abeka phambili abantu abavela emndenini wezinyamazane ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu. Kepha ngeke balahlekelwe yithuba lokubamba inkawu egijima nenyoni endizayo.
Ukudla kwengwe yaseSumatran kuhlanganisa:
- Izingulube zasendle;
- Ama-Orangutan;
- Onogwaja;
- Izingungumbane;
- Izimbila;
- Zambara;
- Inhlanzi;
- Kanchili;
- Izingwenya;
- Amabhele;
- Muntjac.
Ekuthunjweni, ukudla kwezilwane ezincelisayo kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zenyama nezinhlanzi, izinkukhu. Izithasiselo zamavithamini nezakhiwo zamaminerali zengezwa ekudleni, ngoba ukudla okunomsoco kwalolu hlobo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yalo enhle nokuphila kwayo isikhathi eside.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Tiger yokudlela yaseSumatran
Njengoba ihlosi laseSumatran liyisilwane esizihlalela sodwa, baphila impilo eyodwa futhi bahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu. Abahlali bamahlathi asezintabeni bahlala ezindaweni ezifika kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-300. Izimpi ezenziwa ezindaweni ezithile azivamile futhi zikhawulelwe ikakhulu ekubhampukeni nasekubukeni okunenzondo, azisebenzisi amazinyo nezinzipho.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamahlosi aseSumatran kwenzeka ngokuphefumulela phezulu umoya ngamakhala. Lokhu kudala imisindo eyingqayizivele izilwane ezingayibona futhi ziqonde. Baphinde baxhumane ngosizo lomdlalo, lapho bengakhombisa khona ubungani noma bangene empini, baxubene ngamaceleni abo nangomlomo.
Lezi zidlakela zithanda amanzi kakhulu. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo, bangahlala emanzini amahora amaningi, behlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo, bathanda ukubhukuda nokuqhwaza emanzini angajulile. Imvamisa bashayela isisulu echibini futhi babhekane naso, ngokuba ababhukudi abahle kakhulu.
Ehlobo, amahlosi akhetha ukuqala ukuzingela kusihlwa, ebusika, kunalokho, emini. Uma behlasela inyamazane beyiqamekele, bese beyishaya ngemuva noma ohlangothini, bayilume entanyeni bese bephula umgogodla, noma baklinye isisulu. Bayayihudulela endaweni ecashile bayidle. Uma lesi silwane kuvela ukuthi sikhulu, lezi zilwane zingase zingadli izinsuku ezimbalwa kamuva.
Amakati asendle amaka imingcele yesiza sawo ngomchamo, indle, aqhephule amagxolo ezihlahleni. Intsha izifunela indawo iyodwa noma iyibuyise kubantu besilisa abadala. Ngeke babekezelele abantu abangabazi ezintweni zabo, kepha bazwana ngokuthula nabantu abawela isiza sabo futhi baqhubeke.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Sumatran Tiger Cub
Lezi zinhlobo zingazala unyaka wonke. I-estrus yabesifazane ihlala ngokwesilinganiso izinsuku ezingama-3-6. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa ngayo yonke indlela baheha ama-tigress, bakhiphe ukubhonga okukhulu, okungazwakala ebangeni elifinyelela kumakhilomitha ama-3, futhi babayengele ngephunga lesilwane esibanjiwe.
Kukhona ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa kwalabo abakhethiwe, lapho uboya babo bukhuliswa ngokuqinile, kuzwakala ukugquma okukhulu. Abesilisa bame ngemilenze yabo yangemuva futhi bashayane ngezingalo zangaphambili, bashaye ngamandla ngokwanele. Izimpi ziqhubeka kuze kube yilapho elinye lamacala livuma ukwehlulwa.
Uma insikazi ivumela owesilisa ukuba asondele kuyo, baqala ukuhlala ndawonye, bazingele futhi badlale aze akhulelwe. Ngokungafani namanye ama-subspecies, ihlosi laseSumatran lingubaba omuhle kakhulu futhi alishiyi insikazi kuze kube sekuzalweni, isiza ekukhuliseni inzalo. Lapho amawundlu esekwazi ukuzizingela wodwa, ubaba uyawashiya abuyele kowesifazane ngokuqala kwe-estrus elandelayo.
Ukulungela ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwabesifazane kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-3-4, kwabesilisa - ngo-4-5. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-103 ngokwesilinganiso (kusuka ku-90 kuye ku-100), ngenxa yalokho kuzalwa amazinyane angu-2-3, ubukhulu - 6. Amantshontsho anesisindo esingaba ikhilogremu futhi avula amehlo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, umama ubondla ngobisi, ngemuva kwalokho uqala ukuletha isisulu ekuzingeleni bese ebanikeza ukudla okuqinile. Ngesikhathi sezinyanga eziyisithupha, inzalo iqala ukuzingela kanye nonina. Ngokuzingela ngakunye, zivuthwa ngonyaka owodwa nohhafu. Ngalesi sikhathi, izingane ziyashiya ikhaya labazali.
Izitha zemvelo zamahlosi aseSumatran
Isithombe: Animal Sumatran Tiger
Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obumangalisayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane, lezi zilwane zinezitha ezimbalwa. Lokhu kufaka izilwane ezinkulu kuphela, futhi, nabantu abachitha izindawo zemvelo zamakati asendle. Amawundlu angazingelwa izingwenya namabhere.
Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kungenye yezinsongo ezibaluleke kakhulu kumahlosi aseSumatran. Izitho zomzimba wezilwane zithandwa ezimakethe zokuhweba ezingekho emthethweni. Kwezokwelapha zendawo, kukholakala ukuthi banezindawo zokuphulukisa - izinkinobho zamehlo okusolakala ukuthi zelapha isithuthwane, intshebe isiza ukuqeda amazinyo.
Kusetshenziswa amazinyo nezinzipho njengezikhumbuzo, futhi izikhumba zamahlosi zisetshenziswa njengama-rugi aphansi noma odongeni. Iningi lokushushumbisa liya eMalaysia, China, Singapore, Japan, Korea nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia. Abazingeli babamba izingwe besebenzisa izintambo zensimbi. Ngesilwane esibulewe emakethe engekho emthethweni, banganikela ngama-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20.
Eminyakeni emibili kusukela ngo-1998 kuya ku-2000, kwabulawa amahlosi angama-66 eSumatran, okuyi-20% yabantu bawo. Amahlosi amaningi aqothulwa yizakhamizi zendawo ngenxa yokuhlaselwa emapulazini. Kwesinye isikhathi amahlosi ahlasela abantu. Kusukela ngo-2002, bangu-8 abantu asebebulewe yizingwe zaseSumatran.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Tiger yase-Wild Sumatran
Ama-subspecies abesesigabeni sokuqothulwa isikhathi eside impela. Ihlukaniswe njenge-Taxa Esemngciphekweni Obucayi futhi ibhalwe kuhlu Olubomvu Lwezinhlobo Ezisengozini. Ngenxa yomfutho othola ngokushesha umsebenzi wezolimo, indawo yokuhlala incipha ngokushesha.
Kusukela ngo-1978, abantu abadla ezinye izilwane bebelokhu behla ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma ngabe kwakukhona cishe i-1000 yazo, ngakho-ke ngo-1986 kwakukhona kakade abantu abangu-800. Ngo-1993, inani lehla laya ku-600, kwathi ngo-2008, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinemigqa zaba mincane kakhulu. Iso lenyama likhombisa ukuthi ama-subspecies ayafa.
Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, inani labantu balezi zinhlayiya namuhla cishe lingabantu abangama-300-500. Idatha yango-2006 ikhombise ukuthi izindawo ezihlala kulezi zilwane zihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingama-58. Kodwa-ke, unyaka nonyaka kukhona ukulahleka okwandayo kwendawo yokuhlala yengwe.
Lokhu kuthinteka kakhulu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okwenzeka ngenxa yokugawulwa kwemithi ezimbonini zokulungisa amaphepha nezinkuni, kanye nokwandiswa komkhiqizo wamafutha esundu. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuholela ekuhlukaneni kwendawo. Amahlosi aseSumatran adinga izindawo ezinkulu kakhulu ukuze aphile.
Ukwanda kwesibalo sabantu baseSumatra nokwakhiwa kwamadolobha nakho kunezici ezingezinhle ezithinta ukuqothulwa kwalezi zinhlobo. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yocwaningo, kungekudala yonke imixhaso izokhawulelwa engxenyeni eyodwa kuphela yesihlanu yehlathi.
Ukulondolozwa kweSiyatran Tiger
Isithombe: I-Sumatran Tiger Red Book
Uhlobo lolo luqabuke kakhulu futhi lubhalwe kuRed Book naku-International Convention I CITES. Ukuze uvimbele ukunyamalala kwekati eliyingqayizivele, njengoba kwenzeka ngehlosi laseJavane, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi nokwandisa inani labantu. Izinhlelo zamanje zokongiwa kwemvelo kuhloswe ngazo ukuphinda kabili inani lamahlosi aseSumatran eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.
Ngama-90s, iphrojekthi yeSumatran Tiger yadalwa, esasebenza nanamuhla. Ukuvikela lezi zinhlobo, uMongameli wase-Indonesia ngo-2009 wenza uhlelo lokunciphisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, waphinde wabela nezimali zokongiwa kwamahlosi aseSumatran. UMnyango Wezamahlathi wase-Indonesia manje usebenza neZoo yase-Australia ukubuyisela lolu hlobo endle.
Ucwaningo nentuthuko luhlose ukuthola ezinye izixazululo ezinkingeni zezomnotho zaseSumatra, ngenxa yalokho kuzoncishiswa isidingo som-acacia namafutha esundu. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa ucwaningo, kutholakale ukuthi abathengi bazimisele ukukhokha imali ethe xaxa ngemargarine uma igcina indawo yokuhlala amahlosi aseSumatran.
Ngo-2007, izakhamuzi zendawo zabamba i-tigress ekhulelwe. Abalondolozi bemvelo banquma ukumthuthela eBogor Safari Park esiqhingini saseJava. Ngo-2011, ingxenye yendawo yesiQhingi saseBethet yabekelwa eceleni indawo ekhethekile yokongiwa eyenzelwe ukugcina lezi zinhlobo.
Amahlosi aseSumatran agcinwa ema-zoo, lapho kukhuliswa khona izingane, zondliwe futhi zelashwe. Abanye abantu badedelwa eziqiwini ukuze bandise inani labo ngokwemvelo. Kusukela ekudleni, izilwane ezidlayo zihlela ukusebenza kwangempela, lapho zimi khona ngemilenze yazo yangemuva, okuyinto endle obekungafanele bayenze.
Ukuzingela lezi zidlakela akuvumelekile emhlabeni wonke futhi kujeziswa ngumthetho. Ngokubulala ingwe yaseSumatran e-Indonesia, inhlawulo engu- $ 7,000 noma ukuboshwa iminyaka engafika kwemihlanu. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho yisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kunezikhathi eziphindwe kathathu zalezi zilwane ezithunjiwe kunasendle.
Kanye namanye ama-subspecies, ososayensi bezobunjiniyela bahlukanisa ingwe yaseSumatran njengeyona ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwezinye, ngoba uhlobo lwayo lubhekwa njengolumsulwa kakhulu. Njengomphumela wobukhona obude babantu abahlala bodwa bodwa, izilwane zigcine ikhodi yofuzo yokhokho babo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04/16/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 19.09.2019 ngo-21: 32
