I-NutriaI-marsh beaver iyigundane elisemanzini. Lesi silwane esincelisayo sinemikhuba ethokozisayo futhi siyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokudoba. Abalimi bahileleke ngokuzalanisa lezi zilwane, njengoba inyama noboya bayo kubaluleka kakhulu emakethe. Yini i-nutria, imiphi imikhuba abanayo futhi bazala kanjani?
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Nutria
INutria yisilwane esincelisayo, ingeyokuhleleka kwamagundane futhi imele umndeni we-nutria. Ibizwa ngokuhlukile: i-otter, koipu, i-swamp beaver. Onke amagama asetshenziswa ngemvamisa efanayo. Yize kukhona ochwepheshe abaningi abathi i-nutria ayinakubizwa ngokuthi ama-swamp beavers. Zimemezela ukuthi lezi zilwane azihlangene nakancane nezinyosi zangempela zemifula, amagundane. Zifana nabo kuphela ukude - ngemikhuba efanayo, indlela yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuqhathanisa akulungile.
Ividiyo: INutria
AmaKoipu angamagundane amakhulu. Ubude bomzimba wabo bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angamashumi ayisithupha, kanti isisindo sabo singamakhilogremu ayishumi nambili. Izakhi zomzimba zesilisa zihlala zikhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ngaphandle, izilwane zibukeka njengegundane elikhulu. Umzimba wabo umbozwe ngama-bristles aminyene, acwebezelayo, amade.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Naphezu koboya obukhulu, obukhulu, i-nutria ayikhiphi iphunga elibi. Ahlanzekile kakhulu, ngokungafani namanye amalungu omndeni wamagundane.
Uboya obuhle, obukhulu obukhulu be-nutria yinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokudoba. Ngalesi sizathu, lezi zilwane zaqala ukukhuliswa ngenkuthalo emapulazini wezilwane atholakala emhlabeni jikelele. Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezingaba yishumi nesikhombisa zalesi silwane esincelisayo. Izinhlobo eziyishumi ziyashintsha, eziyisikhombisa zihlanganisiwe.
Zonke zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:
- Okujwayelekile;
- Amakhaladi.
Uhlobo olujwayelekile lubandakanya umbala onsundu wakudala. I-nutria enemibala ivele ngenxa yokuzalanisa. Umbala wabo wejazi uhlukile. Kukhona i-Azerbaijani, i-nutria yase-Italy emhlophe, umama-we-pearl, omnyama. Uboya bezinhlobo ezinemibala baziswa kakhulu emakethe yanamuhla.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal nutria
Uma ukude, i-nutria ifana kakhulu namagundane amakhulu. Uboya bazo buyacwebezela, futhi kunomsila omude ngemuva. Ngaphandle komsila, isilinganiso sobude bomzimba cishe ngamasentimitha angamashumi amahlanu, isisindo esimaphakathi singamakhilogremu ayisithupha. Noma kunjalo, lezi zimingcele aziwona umkhawulo. Ngokwemvelo, ngaphezu kwesisodwa kwakukhona abantu abanesisindo sabo safinyelela kumakhilogremu ayishumi nambili, futhi ubude babungaphezu kwamasentimitha angamashumi ayisithupha.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: INutria yizimbuzi ezinkulu futhi inesifiso esihle kakhulu sokudla. Isilwane singathola isisindo saso somuntu omdala ngezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ngemuva kokuzalwa.
I-Koipu ihlukaniswa ngumthethosisekelo oqinile kakhulu, banamathambo anzima, aqinile. Isilwane sinekhanda elikhulu. Inamehlo nezindlebe ezincane. Babukeka bengalingani. Ukuma kwesifonyo kubuthuntu, amazinyo, ikakhulukazi ama-incisors, anemibala ewolintshi ekhanyayo.
INutria ihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, ngakho umzimba wayo kanye nezitho zayo zinezici eziningi zokwakheka:
- Ukuvuleka kwamakhala kwesilwane kunemisipha ye-obturator. Lapho zitshuza, ziyavala ziqine, zingavumeli amanzi angene ngaphakathi;
- Izindebe zihlukanisiwe, futhi ngemuva kwama-incisors zingavalwa ngokuqinile ndawonye. Lokhu kuvimbela ukudlula kwamanzi;
- Kukhona ulwelwesi olukhethekile ezinzwaneni zezitho zangemuva. Basiza enqubweni yokuhamba ngaphansi kwekholamu yamanzi;
- Umsila uyindilinga, awumboziwe ngoboya obukhulu, kunamandla amakhulu. Kuyasiza isilwane ukuthi silawule lapho sihamba khona ngenkathi sibhukuda;
- Uboya abunamanzi. Iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: uboya, ingubo yangaphansi. Ijazi lide, liminyene, ijazi langaphansi liminyene kakhulu. Uboya buxosha amanzi, abumanzi ngisho nangemva kokuhlala isikhathi eside emfuleni noma echibini.
Uhlala kuphi u-nutria?
Isithombe: Live nutria
Ekuqaleni, le nduku yayihlala eNingizimu Melika kuphela. Leli yizwe lakubo. Wahlangana ensimini esuka eBrazil kuya eStrait of Magellan. Namuhla lesi silwane sisakazeke kwamanye amazwekazi amaningi. Ufunde kahle eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, eTranscaucasia, eTajikistan naseKyrgyzstan. Kulezi zindawo, i-nutria ivele ngenxa yohlelo lokuhlaliswa kabusha kwabantu.
Izinhlelo zokubuyiselwa kwabantu eNutria zenziwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ezimweni eziningi, i-nutria ishintshe ngokuphelele, yaqala ukukhiqiza ngenkuthalo nokuzinza emazweni amasha. Kodwa-ke, enkambisweni yokuhlaliswa kabusha kwaba khona nokwehluleka. Igundane alizange libe nezimpande e-Afrika, kwenye ingxenye yensimu yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union. Kwezinye izifunda, i-nutria yaqala yaba nezimpande, kepha yafa lapho kuqala ubusika.
Isibonelo, inani labantu labhujiswa ngokuphelele yiqhwa elibi eScandinavia, kwezinye izifundazwe ezisenyakatho ye-United States.
Impilo yonke, i-nutria ikhetha izindawo eziseduze nemizimba yamanzi, amachibi, amaxhaphozi. Amanzi echibini kufanele amile, noma ageleze kancane, ogwini lwamachibi namaxhaphozi kufanele akhule kakhulu. Emahlathini aminyene, izintaba, isilwane asihlali. Akuveli ngaphezu kwamamitha ayinkulungwane ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Futhi, iKoipu igwema izindawo ezinobusika obubandayo, amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
Idla ini i-nutria?
Isithombe: Indoda yesilisa
Impilo yonke, i-koipu incamela ukukhetha amabhange emifula anamaswidi, amachibi angajulile, amadamu anamanzi amile. Benza imingcele ogwini, lapho kunezimila eziningi khona. Ngokusho kwendawo abahlala kuyo, akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi i-nutria idlani. Iningi lokudla kwakhe ukudla kokutshala. Lezi zilwane azidli ngokudla.
Bathanda ukuzijabulisa:
- Amaqabunga, izingongolo ze-cattail;
- Amahlumela amancane omhlanga;
- Izimpande zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini nasemhlabeni;
- Iminduze yamanzi nemihlanga;
- Amantongomane amanzi.
Uma igundane liqala ukuzizwa lilambile lapho lihlala khona, lingadla izimbungulu eziningana, izingwe noma izibungu zezinambuzane. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile. Ngokushoda kokudla okunempilo, i-nutria imane ikhethe ukuthola indawo entsha yokuphila.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Zonke izinhlelo ze-nutria, izici zayo zokwakheka zishintshwe ngokuphelele impilo emanzini. Isakhiwo esikhethekile sezitho sivumela isilwane ukuthi sidle ukudla ngisho nangaphansi kwamachibi, ngaphandle kokuphefumula.
Ukudla lapho kugcinwa i-nutria ekhaya kuhlukile kancane. Ukuze ukhule kangcono, uboya obuhle, abalimi bondla izilwane ngokufunza okukhethekile okulinganiselwe ngokufaka okusanhlamvu, utshani, imifino. Kwesinye isikhathi, abanikazi bamapulazi bangezela okusele etafuleni labo ekudleni kwansuku zonke.
Okuphakelayo kuxutshwe futhi kushunqiswe. Ukudla okunjalo kubhekwa njengokusebenza kakhulu. Lapho ugcina inani elikhulu lezilwane, ukudla okomile kungasetshenziswa. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, umthetho owodwa obalulekile kufanele ugcinwe - i-nutria kufanele ihlale inamanzi ahlanzekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kubalulekile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Owesifazane waseNutria
Yonke impilo ye-nutria yenzeka eduze nemizimba yamanzi, imifula, amaxhaphozi. Isilwane sigwema izintaba, isimo sezulu esibandayo. Ngokwakhiwa kwemigodi yayo, ikhetha izindawo ezinotshani obuningi, ngoba ukudla kwezitshalo kwenza amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye wokudla kwansuku zonke. Indlela yokuphila ye-nutria ingabizwa ngokuthi i-semi-aquatic. Isilwane sichitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini. Angadla lapho, abhukude.
I-Koipu isebenza kakhulu endaweni yazo yemvelo ebusuku. Ebusuku, bafuna ngentshiseko ukudla. Badla iziqu, ama-rhizomes, amaqabunga, umhlanga. Uma kunezimila ezincane, zingabamba futhi zidle i-leech, imollusk. Indlela yokuphila yalezi zilwane ingemihambuma. INutria kuyaqabukela ihlala endaweni eyodwa. Zihamba ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokungabi bikho kokudla kwezitshalo.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: I-Koipu bangabhukudi abakhulu. Ngaphandle komoya, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zingahamba ibanga elingaphezu kwamamitha ayikhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi. Babamba umoya imizuzu eyisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi ngaphandle kokulimaza imizimba yabo.
INutria yakha imisele emabhange amakhulu nasemithambekeni. Ama-vault imvamisa amasistimu amaningi anzima okudabula. Izilwane eziningana zihlala emigodini ngasikhathi sinye - kusuka kwezimbili kuya kweziyishumi. Amaqembu anjalo aqukethe abesifazane abaningana, owesilisa kanye nenzalo yabo. Abesilisa abancane bakhetha ukuhlala ngokwehlukana, bodwa.
Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isilwane esinoboya, i-nutria ine-molt. Kodwa-ke, eKoipu akunqunyelwe kangako ngesikhathi. I-Molting yenzeka ngezinga elithile noma elinye unyaka wonke. Ubuncane babo bonke uboya buwela ehlobo nasekwindla. Ukuwa kuyeka ngokuphelele ebusika. Ebusika, lezi zilwane zinoboya obusezingeni eliphakeme.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Nutria Cub
I-Koipu izala kahle zombili ezimweni zemvelo nasekuthunjweni. Kungukuzala okuphezulu okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugcina inani lezilwane lisezingeni elanele. Ngonyaka owodwa, owesifazane omdala angakwazi ukuzala inzalo izikhathi eziningana. Ekukhulelweni okukodwa, insikazi ithwala amawundlu afinyelela kwayisikhombisa.
Abesilisa balo mndeni balungele inqubo yokuzalanisa unyaka wonke. Zisebenza njalo, ngokungafani nezintokazi zazo. Kwabesifazane, umsebenzi wenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile - njalo ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu kuya kwezingamashumi amathathu. Imvamisa, i-nutria iletha inzalo ngenkathi efudumele - entwasahlobo, ehlobo. Ukukhulelwa kwesilwane kuhlala isikhathi esifushane - cishe izinsuku eziyikhulu namashumi amathathu. Ubuningi besifazane buyancipha lapho buneminyaka emithathu.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: I-koipu yengane inezinga eliphakeme lokusinda. I-nutria encane iyakwazi ukujwayela ngokushesha izimo zezwe elibazungezile. Izilwane zamukela imikhuba yabazali bazo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa. Baqala nokubhukuda, futhi, ngokuzama okunye ukudla kwezitshalo.
Izingane zeKoipu zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kukhula kukhula ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zokuphila. Ngalesi sikhathi, bashiya isidleke somndeni, baqala ukuhola indlela yokuphila ezimele. Emvelweni waso wemvelo, lesi silwane siphila cishe iminyaka emihlanu.
Izitha zemvelo ze-nutria
Isithombe: Isilwane seNutria
I-Koipu akuyona into elula. Izilwane zingacasha ezitheni zazo ngaphansi kwamanzi, ezinhlelweni eziyimigodi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Bakha izindawo zokukhosela ngezindawo zokuphuma eziningi, amahhovisi. Emgodini onjalo kulula kakhulu ukucasha engozini. I-nutria ingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engaba yishumi, imboze ngokushesha ibanga ngosizo lwemilenze enamandla yangemuva enolwelwesi phakathi kwezinzwani. Lokhu kwanele ukucasha esitheni.
Uma i-nutria ibhukuda noma eduze komgodi inethuba lokugwema ukuhlasela kwesitha, khona-ke emhlabathini, kude nendawo yokukhosela, lesi silwane sisengozini enkulu. Ukubona kwakhe, intelezi iyamehlula. Ngosizo lokuzwa, isilwane esincelisayo singezwa ukugquma okuncane, kepha lokhu ngeke kusakwazi ukusisindisa. INutria igijima ngokushesha, yenze ngokugxuma. Kodwa-ke, ukubekezela kwesilwane kuphansi kakhulu. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, umhlaseli angamthola.
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo zalesi silo yizilwane ezidla ezinye. Zivame ukuzingelwa, zihlaselwe izimpisi zasendle, amakati, izinja, izimpungushe. Izinyoni ezidla inyama, njengezithiyo zamaxhaphozi, nazo zidla i-nutria. Ukulimala okukhulu empilweni yesilwane esincelisayo kubangelwa ama-leeches, izinhlobonhlobo zama-parasites ahlala ngaphakathi. Umuntu kungabuye kuthiwe yizitha zemvelo. IKoipu ifa ngamanani amakhulu kubazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho, ezandleni zabantu abavamile. Kwamanye amazwe, lezi zilwane zibhekwa njengezilokazane, ngakho zibhujiswa ngamabomu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Nutria
INutria ibilokhu iyinhlanzi ebalulekile isikhathi eside. Uboya bayo busebenza kahle, nenyama yayo inambitheka kamnandi. Namuhla inyama yalesi silwane ibhekwa njengokudla ngokuphelele. Mayelana nalokhu, inqwaba yamantongomane yafa ezandleni zabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Lokhu kuzoholela ekunyamalaleni okuphelele kwabamele lo mndeni, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baqala ukuzala i-nutria emapulazini ezolimo, futhi bawasabalalisa kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kwehle kakhulu selokhu kwafika amapulazi ezolimo lapho kwakhuliselwa khona i-nutria yokudoba. Kodwa-ke, ukuzingela lezi zilwane kuyadingeka kuze kube yilolu suku. Ezinye zezilwane zeqa emapulazini ezilwane, ezinye zadedelwa ngabalimi uqobo ngenxa yokuwa kwesidingo soboya. Konke lokhu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubuyisa ngokushesha inani lalezi zilwane ezincelisayo.
Futhi, izinhlelo zokuhlaliswa kabusha zisindise i-nutria ekuqothulweni. IKoipu yasheshe yazivumelanisa nezindawo ezintsha. Ngokungangabazeki, ukuzala kwemvelo kuyabasiza ukuthi bahlale benabantu abaningi. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zizala kaningi, ngokushesha. Izingane zazo zijwayela kalula cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo. Okuwukuphela kokungathiwa yizithwathwa ezinkulu. Zonke lezi zinto zenza kube nokwenzeka ukugcina inani elizinzile le-nutria kuyo yonke indawo abahlala kuyo. Okwamanje, inani lalezi zilwane alibangeli ukukhathazeka phakathi kososayensi.
I-Nutria Ingabe igundane elithakazelisayo nelizala. Lesi silwane sikwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka. Idla ukudla kwezitshalo, ibhukuda futhi icwile kahle. I-Koipu nayo iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokudoba. Izilwane zinoboya obukhulu, obufudumele, inyama enempilo kanye nokudla. Ngalezi zizathu, bakhuliswa ngenkuthalo emapulazini wezilwane cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 09.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-15: 58
