Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezinyoni ezihlala emhlabeni wethu, akunakwenzeka ukungamnaki umuntu wasebukhosini ngempela - inyoni engaqondakali futhi enhle ngokumangalisayo i-flamingo... Lapho nje silibiza leli gama, kuvela isithombe esicacile phambi kwamehlo ethu, uphawu lomusa nomusa. Kepha into enkulu esiyaziyo ngalezi zidalwa umbala oyingqayizivele wezimpaphe zazo. Kubantu abadala, kuyashintsha kuye ngohlobo lwezinhlobo - kusuka kupinki ophaphathekile kuye kucishe kubomvu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Flamingo
Umlando wemvelaphi yalaba bameleli bezilwane zomhlaba uneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 ubudala. Izwe lakubo okhokho bama-flamingo banamuhla lithathwa njengezindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, ngisho nesishisayo - i-Asia ne-Afrika. Kodwa-ke, ukuma kwezinsalela zazo kuphinda kufake ezifundeni zaseNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika naseYurophu.
Ngenxa yobuhle babo bemvelo, umusa nombala omangalisayo, ama-flamingo kudala athandwa ngabantu, aba ngamaqhawe ezinganekwane futhi anikezwe amandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. AbaseGibhithe lasendulo babehlonipha lezi zinyoni njengezinyoni ezingcwele, bazikhonze, baletha izipho futhi baphupha ngokugcwaliseka kwezifiso, bekholelwa emandleni abo amangalisayo. Futhi, ngasendleleni, babhekwa njengezinyoni "zokusa", hhayi neze "ukushona kwelanga", njengoba kuculwa engomeni edumile.
Ividiyo: IFlamingo
Lona kanye igama elithi "flamingo" lisuselwa egameni lesiLatini elithi "flamma", elisho ukuthi "umlilo". Lesi sivumelwano savumela abantu ukuthi bakholelwe ukuthi inyoni yasenganekwaneni i-phoenix, evutha futhi izalwa kabusha emlotheni, yathola isimo sayo sangempela kummeleli oziqhenyayo womndeni onezimpaphe ngezimpaphe "zomlilo".
Kodwa-ke, empeleni, yonke into ibukeka njenge-prosaic. Ngokubukeka, ama-flamingo ayefana nabamele iqakala - ama-cranes noma izindwandwe, kepha awahlobene ngokomthetho nawo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: izihlobo eziseduze zama-flamingo zingamahansi.
Yebo impela. Abahleli bezilwane zasendle babeka ama-flamingo ngokulandelana kwama-anseriformes kuze kube yilapho ochwepheshe bababela iqembu elikhethekile - ama-flamingo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoni yeFlamingo
Ukuvela kwanoma imuphi umuntu omele umhlaba wezilwane kunqunywa, njengokujwayelekile, izici zendlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala. AmaFlamingo nawo ahlukile.
Imvelo inikeze lezi zinyoni konke okudingekayo ukuze ziphile ngokunethezeka ezimweni ezijwayelekile:
- Imilenze emide eqinile yokuzula emanzini angajulile;
- Intamo ende yokusesha okulula kokudla;
- Izidladla ze-Webbed ukuze ungabambeki phansi odakeni emizimbeni yamanzi;
- Uqhwaku oluqinile olugobile olunemiphetho efinyiwe ukuhlunga ukudla;
- Amaphiko okwenza izindiza ezifundeni ezifudumele nasezindaweni zokudla.
UFlamingo uhlala emaxhaphozini. Inesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-3.5-4.5 kg, kepha kukhona abantu abakhulu nabancane. Ukukhula - cishe amasentimitha angama-90-120. Umzimba uyindilinga, uphela ngomsila omfushane. Iphethe isihloko esifanelwe kahle senyoni enemilenze emide futhi enentambo ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni (maqondana nosayizi womzimba).
Iqiniso elithandekayo: intamo ye-flamingo ivame ukugoba, kepha uma yelulwa kulayini oqondile, izolingana nobude bemilenze.
I-flamingo inamaphiko amancane. Ukuze akhuphukele emoyeni, kufanele athathe uhambo olude lokuthatha uhambo, futhi ukugcina umzimba wakhe ubaleka, uvamise ukushaya amaphiko akhe. Lapho indiza, le nyoni ayigobisi intamo nemilenze yayo, kepha iyelula kolayini owodwa. Izimpukane ngokushesha, ngokushelela nangomusa.
Izimpaphe zamaflamingo zimhlophe, zibomvana noma zibomvu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wonke amalungu alolu hlobo azalwa emhlophe. Ukugcwaliswa kombala kwengubo yophaphe kuncike ekudleni, okungukuthi, enanini le-carotene eliqukethwe ekudleni okudliwayo. Lapho ikhula ngokwengeziwe, umzimba we-flamingo ukhiqiza ngokwengeziwe i-astaxanthin pigment, futhi umbala wayo ukhanya ngokwengeziwe.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: ngokungafani nabamele iningi lezimpaphe zezilwane zomhlaba, abesifazane nabesilisa bama-flamingo banemibala efanayo.
Iqembu lifaka izinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-flamingo:
- Okuphinki (okuvamile);
- Okubomvu (kweCaribbean);
- UFlamingo James;
- IsiChilean;
- U-Andean;
- Encane.
Ummeleli omkhulu walolu hlobo yi-pink (evamile) i-flamingo. Isisindo sayo singaphezu kwamakhilogremu ama-4, futhi ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-140.Flamingo encane, ngokusobala, incane kunazo zonke ze-flamingo. Inesisindo esicishe sibe yisigamu sobukhulu bomlingani wayo o-pink (ojwayelekile) futhi akakhule abe mude kuno-90 cm.
Ahlala kuphi ama-flamingo?
Isithombe: Pink Flamingo
AmaFlamingo awahlali wodwa. Bahlangana emaqoqweni amakhulu, abizwa ngokuthi amakoloni, futhi bahlala ezindaweni ezilula ngasogwini lwemizimba yamanzi engajulile noma amachibi. Ziyi-thermophilic futhi zikhetha ukuhlala kulezo zindawo lapho kunokudla okwanele futhi asikho isidingo sokwenza izindiza ezinde ukuyofuna ukudla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: amanye amakoloni e-flamingo anabantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu.
Ukuhlungwa okukhulu kwalezi zinyoni kusenjalo, njengezigidi zeminyaka eyedlule, kubonwa ezifundeni zaseNingizimu-Mpumalanga neziphakathi zase-Asia nase-Afrika. Noma kunjalo, ama-flamingo nezinye izindawo eziningi zakhethwa, zilungele impilo yazo ethokomele.
Isibonelo, isidleke esibomvana (esivamile) sama-flamingo ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeSpain naseFrance, eNdiya naseKazakhstan. Yilolu kuphela uhlobo lwendiza olwenza izindiza ezinde, futhi ngesikhathi sokufuduka lungaphambuka impela emzileni, luphele ezindaweni ezisenyakatho - eduze kwaseSt. Petersburg noma eLake Baikal.
Ifana kakhulu ne-flamingo ejwayelekile - izinhlobo zaseChile - zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezingaphansi komhlaba zaseNingizimu Melika i-Andes. Futhi eziqhingini zamakholoni oLwandle lweCaribbean amahle kakhulu, anombala ogqamile, isidleke se-flamingo esibomvu (seCaribbean).
Phezulu ezintabeni, endaweni yamachibi ane-alkaline nosawoti, asendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezine ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle, i-Andean flamingo iyaphila. Futhi umzala wayo osezintabeni, uJames 'flamingo, kuze kube muva nje wabhekwa njengezilwane ezingasekho, kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule lapho kwatholakala izindawo zawo zokwakha izidleke ezingavamile eBolivia, eLake Colorado. Manje ukhethe izindawo zamathafa asezintabeni i-Andes ePeru, eBolivia, eChile naseArgentina, kepha kuseyizinhlobo eziyivelakancane zama-flamingo.
Futhi emachibini kasawoti ase-Afrika, ungabona amakoloni amaningi omele omncane kakhulu wezinyoni "zomlilo" - i-flamingo encane.
Idla ngani i-flamingo?
Isithombe: I-flamingo enhle
Ukudla kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni ye-flamingo. Hhayi kuphela ngoba ukudla kunikeza amandla adingekayo ekusebenzeni okugcwele kwempilo. Inzuzo yabo enkulu incike kwikhwalithi yayo - ukukhanya kwezimpaphe. Ukudla kwama-flamingo akuhlukile kakhulu.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, yakhiwa ngabantu abahlala emanzini angajulile:
- Ama-crustaceans amancane;
- Izimila zasolwandle;
- Izibungu zezinambuzane;
- Izikelemu;
- Imbaza.
I-flamingo iyinyoni enkulu, okusho ukuthi idinga ukudla okuningi. Kunezinto eziningi eziphilayo ze-planktonic emachibini kasawoti, kusele kuphela ukusebenzisa amakhono emvelo. Ukuthwebula kokudla kwenzeka ngosizo lomlomo omkhulu futhi oqinile. Ukuze ibambelele ekudleni, i-flamingo isonta intamo yayo ukuze isihloko somlomo wayo sibe sezansi. Ukuqoqa amanzi nokuvala umlomo, i-flamingo iphusha uketshezi ngaphandle, kube sengathi "luyaluhluza" ngamazinyo atholakala emaphethelweni oqhwaku, nokudla okusele emlonyeni kuyakugwinya.
Ngokuqondene nombuzo wethonya lokudla embala we-flamingo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yona kanye i-pigment canthaxanthin, enikeza izimpaphe zabo umbala obomvana, itholakala ngobuningi obukhulu obuluhlaza okotshani no-diatom algae obumuncewa yizinyoni, zona-ke, eziyidingayo ukuze zivikele ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo ukukhanya kwelanga. I-algae efanayo idla ama-crustaceans amancane ama-brine shrimp, nawo athola umbala ogqamile obomvana, bese kuthi, ukuthola ukudla kwasemini nama-flamingo, kwandise ukugcwala kombala emzimbeni wabo.
AmaFlamingo anamandla kakhulu. Emini, umuntu ngamunye udla inani lokudla, cishe elilingana nekota yesisindo sakhe. Futhi njengoba amakoloni ezinyoni emikhulu ngokwanele, imisebenzi yawo ingaqhathaniswa nesiteshi sangempela sokucutshungulwa nokuhlanzwa kwamanzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani elilodwa lamanani ama-pink flamingo angadla cishe amathani ayi-145 okudla ngosuku.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-flamingo zidla ngokwehlukile. Konke kumayelana nokwakheka komlomo. Isibonelo, ukwakheka koqhwaku lwama-flamingo aseChilean noma avamile kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine emlonyeni wakho izinto ezinkulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ama-crustaceans. Futhi ama-flamingo amancane ahlala e-Afrika anoqhwaku oluncane olune- "filter" elincanyana elingahlunga ngisho no-algae one-celled eyodwa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isilwane seFlamingo
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-flamingo, ama-flamingo abomvana (ajwayelekile) kanye namakholoni ngamanye wezinye izinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho afudukayo. Labo abahlala eningizimu abadingi ukundiza ebusika. Endaweni entofontofo lapho izidleke zazo zitholakala khona, kunemfudumalo eyanele nokudla.
Amachibi eFlamingo akhethwa ikakhulu ngamanzi anosawoti. Okufanelekile - uma kungekho nhlanzi nhlobo, kepha izinto eziphilayo zeplanktonic zigcwele.
Usawoti namachibi ane-alikhali kuyindawo enobudlova. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yobukhona emanzini omthamo omkhulu wezinyoni, amagciwane akhula kuwo, angadala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinqubo zokuvuvukala. Kepha isikhumba semilenze yama-flamingo sincane kakhulu futhi siyabavikela emiphumeleni eyingozi.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: ama-flamingo agcina umbuso wenhlanzeko: ngezikhathi ezithile baya emithonjeni yamanzi angenasawoti ukugeza usawoti kanye ne-alkali kubo futhi baqede ukoma kwabo.
AmaFlamingo agxile kakhulu enqubweni yokuthola nokumunca ukudla okubukeka sengathi akunandaba nokunye emhlabeni. Abakhombisi ulaka, bayaziphatha ngokuziphatha futhi abaguquli imikhuba kukho konke ukuphila kwabo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Chick flamingo
Isidleke seFlamingo emakoloni, sehlukaniswe saba ngamaqembu ahlukile, ngalinye linezikhathi zokubeka amaqanda ezivumelanisiwe kakhulu. Ukuziphatha komphakathi kwalezi zinyoni kunezinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sama-flamingo siqala ngocingo lwemiboniso yokuhlangana ngobuningi. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe emavikini ayi-8-10 ngaphambi kokuqala kokwakha izidleke. AmaFlamingo akhombisa ulaka oluthile, elwela ukuthatha isikhundla esizuzisa kakhulu phakathi kwezihlobo zawo phakathi nemidlalo yokukhwelana.
Lapho kwakheka umbhangqwana, owesilisa nowesifazane baba munye. Bayavikelana ngeziqubu, benza izenzo ezijwayelekile ngokuvumelanisa, bahlala njalo eduze komunye nomunye futhi baze bamemeze ngababili! Ngokwengxenye enkulu, imibhangqwana igcina ubudlelwane iminyaka eminingi, iba umndeni wangempela.
Isikhathi sokubeka amaqanda kuma-flamingo sandiswa ngesikhathi futhi singahlala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kuya maphakathi noJulayi. Ngokuvamile, izinyoni zihlela izidleke emanzini angajulile, endaweni yokuhlala yekoloni lazo. I-Shell rock, ubumba, udaka, udaka zisetshenziswa njengezidleke. Kepha abanye abantu bakhetha ukwakha izidleke emadwaleni noma babekele amaqanda abo esihlabathini ngqo ngaphandle kokwenza ukudangala.
Imvamisa ku-clutch kukhona amaqanda ayi-1-3 (imvamisa ama-2), afukanyelwa yinsikazi nowesilisa. Cishe emva kwenyanga, kuzalwa amaphuphu. Zizalwa zinezimpaphe ezimpunga kanye noqhwaku oluphelele. Amachwane aqala ukuthola izici ezinjenge-flamingo anamasonto amabili nohhafu ubudala. Bane-molt yabo yokuqala, uqhwaku luqala ukugoba.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zokuphila, izingane zondliwa ngabazali. Bakhiqiza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ubisi lwenyoni" - imfihlo ekhethekile ekhishwa yizindlala ezikhethekile ezisendaweni yomlomo. Inamafutha amaningi, amaprotheni, elinye igazi neplankton.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: "ubisi lwezinyoni" lokondla amatshwele e-flamingo asanda kuzalwa akhiqizwa abesifazane kuphela, kepha nabesilisa.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3, ama-flamingo asencane asekhulile akhululiwe ekunakekelweni ngabazali, ame ephikweni bese eqala ukuzimela ngokuzimela ukudla kwawo.
Izitha zemvelo zamaflamingo
Isithombe: Inyoni yeFlamingo
Amakoloni eFlamingo, afinyelela izinkulungwane namashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu, 'akhona umkhombe wokudla' wezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye. Ukuqoqwa okunjalo kokuqothulwa endaweni eyodwa kuyisihluthulelo sokuzingela okuphumelelayo.
AmaFlamingo anezitha ezifanayo endle njengezinyoni eziningi. Lokhu, okokuqala, yizinyoni ezinkulu ezidla izilwane - izinkozi, oheshe, ama-kites - ezizingela kakhulu amaphuphu nezilwane ezincane futhi zibhubhise izidleke ukuze zizitike ngamaqanda abekiwe. Kodwa-ke, imibhangqwana yama-flamingo ingabavikeli abahle futhi ihlala isebenza ngokubambisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuzalisa ngaphakathi kololoni, usizo lokuxhasana luqine kakhulu, lapho izinyoni zigijimela ukuvikela hhayi ezazo kuphela, kepha nezokuhlangana kwabanye abantu nenzalo yesikhathi esizayo.
Izilwane eziphansi komhlaba nazo zizingela ama-flamingo. Izimpisi, izimpungushe, izimpungushe zithola inyama yazo imnandi impela, futhi izinyoni ngokwazo zibhekwa njengezisulu ezilula. Kwanele ukweqa ngokucophelela emanzini angajulile eduze kweqembu labantu abambalwa bese ubamba inyoni ebamba futhi engakwazanga ukusuka. Imvamisa izilwane ezidla ezinye zihlala eduze kwamakholoni ukuze zithole ukudla njalo.
AmaFlamingo empilweni yansuku zonke ahlelile, izimfanelo zokulwa zivuka kuwo kuphela ngenkathi yokuvuna nangesikhathi sokuzalisa, ngakho-ke, naphezu kokuzalanisa okusebenzayo, amakoloni ezinyoni ahlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yonyaka wokuzingela ovulekile njalo kubo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Great Flamingo
Kodwa-ke, izidalwa ezisemhlabeni nezinamaphiko aziwona usongo olukhulu kuma-flamingo. Emhlabeni wonke, inani lalezi zinyoni liyancipha, futhi isizathu salezi zinqubo akukona konke ukukhetha kwemvelo, kodwa ithonya elonakalisayo lomuntu.
Izimpaphe eziyingqayizivele ze-flamingo ziletha abantu hhayi nje kuphela injabulo yobuhle, kodwa futhi nemali ebonakalayo ebonakalayo. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni babamba futhi badubule izinyoni ngamanani amakhulu ukuze basebenzise izimpaphe zabo ekwenzeni ubucwebe nezikhumbuzo.
Inyama yeFlamingo yayingeyona ukunambitheka kwabantu, kepha amaqanda abhekwa njengesibiliboco sangempela futhi akhonzwa ezindaweni zokudlela ezibiza kakhulu. Ukujabulisa abathandi bamazwe angaphandle nokwenza imali eningi ngawo, abantu ngonya bacekela phansi izidleke ze-flamingo futhi bachitha imikhuhlane.
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe idlala indima enkulu ekwehliseni inani lalezi zinyoni ezinhle. Umuntu ubheka izindawo ezintsha ngokuya ngokwanda, akha amabhizinisi ezimboni, ebeka imigwaqo emikhulu, engenandaba nhlobo nokuthi ungena ezindaweni ezivamile zezinyoni. AmaFlamingo aphoqeleka ukuba ashiye amakhaya awo ayobheka ezinye izindawo azohlala kuzo azalele kuzo. Futhi kunezindawo ezimbalwa nezincane ezifanelekile emhlabeni wethu.
Ukungcola okungenakugwemeka kwemvelo - umoya, inhlabathi, imizimba yamanzi - akunakuthinta impilo yezinyoni. Bathola umthelela omubi walezi zinto, bagule, baphucwe inani elanele lokudla okusezingeni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, bafa ngobuningi.
Unogada weFlamingo
Isithombe: Incwadi Ebomvu yeFlamingo
Emuva maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, i- James flamingo yayibhekwa njengenhlobo engasekho. Kodwa ngo-1957, ososayensi bathola inani elincane labantu baseBolivia. Kwenziwe izindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo, kanti namuhla inani lalezi zinyoni lenyuke lafika kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-50. Inani lama-flamingo ase-Andes linenani elilinganayo. Uma izinyoni zingavikelwe futhi kungathathwa zinyathelo ukwanda kwenani lazo, khona-ke esikhathini esizayo esiseduze zombili lezi zinhlobo zisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezingathandeki, inani lezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu, i-pink (ejwayelekile) i-flamingo, nayo iyancipha.Konke lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinyoni zafakwa ngokushesha ezinhlwini eziningi zokongiwa kwemvelo, kubandakanya neRed Book yaseRussia.
AmaFlamingo angomunye wabamele abangajwayelekile, abahle futhi abanobungane bezinyoni ezihlala eMhlabeni. Bangabalingani abaqotho, abazali abanakekelayo nabavikeli abathembekile bezihlobo zabo. Amakholoni abo abekhona kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ngokuvumelana nezwe elizungezile futhi awabangeli monakalo omncane kubantu.
Uma uhlonipha indlela yabo yokuphila, uvikele izindawo zabo zokuhlala futhi unikeze ukuvikeleka ezintweni ezimbi ngesisekelo samalungelo ezinamandla, isintu sizoklonyeliswa ngobukhona bendalo yeplanethi yesidalwa esiyingqayizivele, umnikazi wezimpaphe ezimangazayo, "inyoni yokuntwela kokusa" - inyoni enomusa nenomusa i-flamingo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07.04.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 19.09.2019 ngo-15: 39
