Abantu abaningi bazi iqhawe langempela kusukela ebuntwaneni mongoose ogama lakhe linguRiki-Tiki-Tavi, owalwa ngesibindi nemfezi. Ikhathuni yethu esiyithandayo, esuselwa emsebenzini kaRudyard Kipling, yenze i-mongoose emehlweni ethu yaba isibindi esihlakaniphile esidinga ukuhlonishwa nokuhlonishwa. Eqinisweni, lesi silwanyana esincane sishesha futhi siyasebenza. Ukubukeka kwakhe okuhle kuhambisana nesibindi nokungakhathali. Futhi akusizi ngalutho ukuthi unokubukeka okunesibindi kwe-feline, ngoba ungowe-suborder of felines.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Mongoose
AmaMongooses yizilwane ezincelisayo ezidla inyama zomndeni wama-mongoose.
Phambilini babefakwa ngephutha emndenini we-civerrid, okuvela ukuthi, bahluke ngezindlela ezihlukile:
- AmaMongooses anezipho ezingazikhiphi njengezinja ze-civet;
- Ezinye izinhlobo zemongoose zihola impilo yokuphila ngokuhlanganyela, engamukeleki emndenini we-civet;
- I-Mongoose ayinayo iwebhu phakathi kwezinzwani;
- AmaMongoose akhetha ukuhlala emhlabeni ngokungafani ne-arboreal viverrids;
- Umsebenzi omkhulu kunawo wonke kuma-mongoose ungabonakala emini, okungeyona eye-civet;
- Imfihlo enukayo kuma-mongooses ifihlwa yizindlala zangasese, nakuma-viverrids - yizindlala zangasese.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-mongooses yizilwane zasendulo ezidala kakhulu, avela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule ngesikhathi sePaleocene. Ngokubukeka kwawo, afana kakhulu nama-weasel, okungukuthi, ama-ferrets. Umndeni wabo omkhulu umelwe yizinhlobo ezingama-35 kanye nemikhakha eyi-17. Zonke ziyahlukahluka, zombili ezindaweni zokuhlala kwazo unomphela, nakwezinye izici zangaphandle. Ake sisho futhi sichaze ezinye izinhlobo.
Ividiyo: Mongoose
I-mongoose emsila omhlophe ingabizwa ngokuthi enkulu kunazo zonke, umzimba wayo ungaba ngamasentimitha angama-60. Uhlala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika eningizimu yeSahara. Ukuhlangana nokumbona akuyona into elula, ngoba uyasebenza kusihlwa.
I-mongoose encane iphilela igama layo, ngoba incane kakhulu emndenini we-mongoose. Ubude bayo bungamasentimitha ayi-17 kuphela. Ingane ihlala e-Ethiopia, ifinyelela endaweni yayo eqonde eningizimu ye-Afrika, nasentshonalanga - eCameroon, e-Angola naseNamibia.
UMungo-tailed Mungo, umnqobi wesihlahla, ukhethe izindawo ezishisayo zesiqhingi saseMadagascar. Umsila wayo obomvu obomvu uboshwe impela kuyo yonke imigqa emnyama. Lolu hlobo alunasizungu, kepha luthanda ukwakha izinyunyana zomndeni, ezihlala ngazimbili noma ezingeziningi kakhulu emndenini.
Ama-mongooses amanzi anokuhlala unomphela eGambia, lapho ahlala khona eduze nendawo yamanzi, imvamisa ikhetha amaxhaphozi. La ma-mongoose anombala omnyama oqinile.
AmaMeerkats ahlala eNingizimu Afrika, Namibia, Botswana, Angola. Lezi zidalwa zihlala, zakha amakholoni wonke, njengezikwele ezivamile zomhlaba, okuyinto engavamile kakhulu eqenjini lezilwane ezidlayo.
I-mongoose ejwayelekile iyisizungu ngokwemvelo. Kusakazeke kuyo yonke iNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia.
I-mongoose yaseNdiya ihlala, ngokwemvelo, eNdiya, cishe. I-Sri Lanka. Kungenzeka, kwaba nguye ochazwe endabeni edumile kaKipling, ngoba izinyoka ezinobuthi ziyisisulu sakhe njalo.
Vele, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zemongoose ezishiwo lapha, ngoba kunenombolo enkulu yazo. Ngaphezu komehluko obalulekile futhi ongabalulekile, unezici eziningi ezifanayo, okufanele zikhululwe ngokwehlukana.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal Mongoose
Njengoba sekushiwo, ama-mongoose abukeka efana nama-mustelids. Zincane ngokwanele ezidliwayo. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, isisindo sazo siyahluka kusuka ku-280 gram kuye ku-5 kg, kanti ubukhulu bomzimba busuka ku-17 kuye kuma-75 cm. Umsila wazo zonke izinhlobo mude futhi uyindilinga. Ikhanda lincane, licocekile, linezindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga. Isifonyo si side futhi sikhombe. Amazinyo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kunezicucu ezisuka ku-32 kuye ku-40, mancane, kepha aqinile kakhulu futhi abukhali, njengezinaliti ezibhoboza isikhumba senyoka.
Umzimba wama-mongooses uphakeme futhi unomusa, ahlali nokuguquguquka. Ngaphezu kwazo zonke izimfanelo ezibalwe, ama-mongooses nawo anamandla kakhulu, futhi ukweqa kwawo okusheshayo lapho ephonsa kumane kuthena amandla isisulu. Izinzipho ezicijile ezinzwaneni ezinhlanu zeminwe zemongo azinakho ukucasha, kepha ziyasiza kakhulu ekulweni nesitha. I-mongoose ibuye ibasebenzise ukumba imigodi emide.
Ijazi lama-mongoose liwugqinsi futhi linolaka, okubavikela ekulunyweni izinyoka ezinobuthi. Ngokuya nge-subspecies nendawo yokuhlala, ubude bejazi bungahluka.
Umbala wejazi loboya nawo uhlukile, kungaba:
- Okumpunga;
- Mnyama;
- Onsundu;
- Okumpunga okukhanyayo ngokubomvu;
- Ubomvu;
- Umbala onsundu ngokubomvu;
- Ushokoledi omnyama;
- Beige;
- Imthende;
- I-Monochrome.
Akufanele umangazwe yizinhlobonhlobo zemibala yoboya phakathi kwama-mongooses, ngoba lezi zilwane nazo zinenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo.
Ihlala kuphi imongooses?
Isithombe: Mongoose ngokwemvelo
Umndeni wama-mongoose usabalele kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika, futhi uhlala ezifundeni eziningi zase-Asia. Futhi imongoose yaseGibhithe ayitholakali e-Asia kuphela, kodwa naseningizimu yeYurophu. Abantu baletha le mongoose ngokuzenzela endaweni yoMhlaba Omusha.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-mongoose alethwe kuwo. Fiji, ukulwa nokuhlaselwa kwamagundane nokuhlukumeza izinyoka ezinobuthi, kepha lo mbono wehlulekile. UMongooses akagcinanga ngokucekela phansi amagundane, kepha waqala waba usongo kwezinye izilwane zendawo.
Isibonelo, inani lama-iguana nezinyoni ezincane lehle kakhulu ngenxa yokuzingela kwabo. Yonke le nto ichazwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zama-mongoose zihola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, futhi amagundane asebenza kusihlwa, ngakho-ke, icebo lokukhohlisa lokubulala amagundane alizange lifezeke. Umuntu waletha ama-mongooses eWest Indies, eziqhingini zaseHawaii, ezwenikazi laseMelika, lapho ahlala khona ngokuphawulekayo. Kukhona uhlobo lwe-mongoose oluphila cishe. EMadagascar.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, indawo ye-mongoose ibanzi impela, yazivumelanisa kahle nezimo ezahlukahlukene.
Lezi zilwane ezincane zihlala ezindaweni:
- Savannah;
- Ihlathi;
- Izintaba ezimbozwe ngamahlathi;
- Izimfunda eziluhlaza;
- Izingwadule nezingwadule ezisemihmeni;
- Amadolobha;
- Ogwini lolwandle.
Ngokumangazayo, ama-mongoose amaningi awagwemi nhlobo izindawo zokuhlala abantu, ehlomisa imihume yawo ezindle nasemiseleni yamadolobha. Eziningi zazo zihlala emifantwini yamadwala, emigodini, zithatha izihlahla ezibolile zezihlahla, zihlala phakathi kwezimpande ezinkulu. Ukuze amanzi mongoose, khona echibini - isimo esisemqoka empilweni, ngakho-ke uhlala eduze amaxhaphozi, amachibi, iziziba, imifula.
Amanye ama-mongoose ahlala emigodini elahliwe yezilwane ezithile, kanti ezinye ngokwazo zimba imihubhe ephelele engaphansi komhlaba enezimfoloko eziningi.
Izinhlobo ezihlala emathafeni avulekile ase-Afrika zisebenzisa imiphongolo yokungenisa umoya yeziduli ezinkulu zomuhlwa ukwakha izindlu. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zilwane zithanda impilo emhlabeni, yize ezinye zazo (ama-mongoose amancane ase-Afrika kanye nomsila wendandatho) zingama-arboreal. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-mongoose zihlala unomphela endaweni ethile, kuyilapho ezinye zizulazula. Lezi zokugcina zizitholela umhume omusha njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Adlani ama-mongooses?
Isithombe: Mongoose omncane
Cishe njalo, i-mongoose ngayinye ithola ukudla kwayo. Kukaningi kuphela lapho zihlangana khona ukuze zibhekane nezilwane ezinkulu, iqhinga elisetshenziswa kakhulu ama-mongooses amancane. Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi ama-mongoose awathobekile ekudleni. Imenyu yabo ikakhulu iqukethe zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Bathanda ukuzitika ngezilwane ezincane nezinyoni, badle ukudla kwemifino, abakwedeleli ukubola.
Imenyu ye-mongoose iqukethe:
- Izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene;
- Amagundane amancane;
- Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane;
- Izinyoni ezincane;
- Ama-Amphibians kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo;
- Izinyoni, ufudu ngisho namaqanda ezingwenya;
- Zonke izinhlobo zezithelo, amaqabunga, izimpande, nezilimo eziyizigaxa;
- Bebewa.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, i-water mongoose idla izinhlanzi ezincane, izinkalankala, ama-crustaceans, amaxoxo. Bafuna isidlo sasemini emanzini angajulile, emifudlaneni, bekhipha i-yummy kudaka namanzi ngezidladla zabo ezicijile. I-mongoose yamanzi ayihlali iphikisana nokuzama amaqanda ezingwenya, uma kunethuba elinjalo. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukile zeminongo edla inkalankala ezidla kakhulu kuma-crustaceans ahlukahlukene.
Ezinye izinhlobo zemongoose nazo zihlala zigcina izidladla zazo eziminyene zilungile lapho zihamba zifuna ukudla. Njengoba bezwile noma benuka inyamazane, bangavele bayikumbe phansi, ngaleyo ndlela bathole amagundane, izimbungulu, izicabucabu nezibungu zabo. Nazi izinhlobonhlobo zezitsha ezikhona ekudleni kwalezi zilwane ezincane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Mongoose
Imikhuba, imikhuba nokuziphatha kwama-mongoose ahlala endle kuncike esakhiweni senhlalo abambelela kuso. Ngoba Njengoba ziyizilwane ezidla inyama, izinhlobo eziningi ze-mongoose zihlala ngokwehlukana, ngakunye. Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, ungabala i-mongoose yaseGibhithe, insikazi yayo enendawo yayo futhi iqiniseke ukuthi akukho muntu ongena kuyo.
Abesilisa bohlobo olufanayo baneziza zendawo enkulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokukhwelana, abesifazane nabesilisa cishe ababoni, umama yedwa okhulisa inzalo yakhe. Abantu abazimele bodwa baphila impilo yasebusuku.
Izinhlobo ezithile ze-mongoose zihola impilo yokuphila ngokuhlanganyela, zihlala emaqenjini womndeni wonke. Lokhu kwenziwa ama-mongooses amancane, kuyabasiza ukuthi baphile ezimeni ezinzima, ngoba bancane kakhulu futhi basengozini enkulu. Isibalo seqembu labo singafinyelela kubantu abangama-20, yize imvamisa kuba nabangu-9. Umholi waleli qembu lama-mongoose ungowesifazane ovuthiwe ngokocansi.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukubambisana okuzuzisayo kwama-mongooses amancanyana ahlala oGwadule lwaseTaru, oluseKenya, ne-hornbill. AmaMongoose nezinyoni ziyahamba zizingela ndawonye, izinyoni zibamba izinambuzane ezindizayo ezethuswe ama-mongoose futhi ngasikhathi sinye zivikela izingane ze-mongoose engozini ngokubuka zisuka phezulu.
Ngokubona usongo, uphondo lubonisa lokhu ngokukhala, futhi izilwane ezizingelayo ziyacasha ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, le nyoni ivikela ama-mongooses ngisho nasezinyonini ezidla ezinye, kanti nama-mongoose wona abelana ngezinambuzane zawo ezibanjiwe ngama-hornbill. Nabu ubambiswano lwebhizinisi olungajwayelekile.
Ama-mongoose anamachashazi kanye nezinyamazane nazo ziyizilwane zomphakathi. Emhlambini wabo kungaba nabamele abangama-40 be-mongoose. Lapho bezingela noma bephumula nje, imongo elilodwa lihlala liqaphile, liqalaza ngamehlo abukhali. Ngaphezu kokufuna ukudla, ama-mongooses angatholakala edlala imidlalo emnandi elingisa izimpi nokusukela okujabulisayo.
Uyabona ama-mongoose ahlanganisa uboya bomunye nomunye. Ngokushisa okukhulu, lezi zilwane zihlala kude nezimbobo zazo, kanti enye yazo iqaphile, ilungele ukuxwayisa ngengozi ngokukhala nganoma yimuphi umzuzwana. Imisindo eyenziwe ngama-mongoose yehluke kakhulu. Ziyakwazi ukubhonga, ukukhala nokukhonkotha, futhi i-alamu iyefana nokukhonkotha kwenja.
Ngakho-ke, ama-mongoose ahlala ngokuhlanganyela ancamela umsebenzi wosuku. Imvamisa bangangena emigodini yabanye abantu, babasuse ezingwevini zobumba, futhi uma bemba ezabo, bakwenza ngezinhliziyo zabo, bakhe wonke ama-labyrinths wamaphaseji angaphansi komhlaba. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zama-mongoose ezilungele ukulwela kanzima isabelo sazo sendawo, eziningi zihlala ngokuthula nangokuthula nezinye izilwane. Kodwa-ke, ngokwemvelo yazo, lezi zilwane zinamahloni, zinempilo, zinamasu futhi zinesibindi ngokwanele.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Predator Mongoose
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-mongoose senzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi abazi okuncane ngalesi sikhathi ezilwaneni ezizodwa; ucwaningo lusaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Izazi zezilwane zathola ukuthi insikazi izala amawundlu amabili - 3, angaboni futhi angenaso isembozo soboya.
Ukubeletha kuvame ukwenzeka emgodini noma emgodini wamadwala. Emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokuzalwa, izingane ziqala ukubona, bonke ubunzima nokukhathazeka ngokuba khona kwazo kwehla kuphela emahlombe omama, owesilisa uhamba ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhwelana.
Kuma-mongoose ahlanganayo, inkathi yokukhwelana ifundwa kakhulu futhi icwaningwe kahle. Cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo, isikhathi sokukhulelwa sicishe sibe yizinyanga ezi-2, okuwukuphela kokungafani yi-mongoose emincane (izinsuku eziyi-105) kanye namaNdiya (izinsuku ezingama-42). Imvamisa kuzalwa izingane ezi-2 - 3, kwesinye isikhathi kuneziningi (kufika kuma-pcs ayi-6.) Isisindo somzimba wazo singama-20 g. Amantshontsho angadli hhayi kunina kuphela, kodwa nakwabanye besifazane bomhlambi.
Ukuziphatha ngokocansi kwama-mongooses amancane kunezici zawo. Njengoba sekushiwo, umhlambi ulawulwa ngowesifazane ovuthiwe ngokobulili, futhi umlingani wakhe ocansini ubambele. Ngokuya ngemithetho yomphakathi wabo, yibo kuphela abangakwazi ukuzala inzalo, becindezela imvelo yemvelo yabanye. Ngenxa yalokhu, abesilisa abangahlukani bayashiya umhlambi, banamathele kuleyo miphakathi lapho bangathola khona inzalo.
Imvamisa ezimphakathini zomdondo eziphila emphakathini zifeza indima yokondliwa, kanti omama bafuna ukudla ngalesi sikhathi. Eziduna zihudula izingane ngesankahlu ziye endaweni ecashile uma zibona ingozi. Abantu abadala baqala ukunikeza inzalo esekhulile ukudla okujwayelekile, bese behamba nayo bayozingela, befaka kubo amakhono okuthola ukudla. Ukukhula kwentsha evuthiwe ngokobulili kusondela eminyakeni yobudala yonyaka owodwa.
Izitha zemvelo zemongoose
Isithombe: Animal Mongoose
Akulula kuma-mongooses endle futhi anokhahlo. Vele, bayizilwane ezidlayo, kepha usayizi wazo mncane kakhulu ukuze uzizwe uphephe ngokuphelele. Yingakho ama-mongooses angashadile aqala ukuzingela kwawo kusihlwa kuphela, futhi abantu abahlangene bahlala benonogada. Kunzima kakhulu kulokhu ma-mongooses amancane, kuhle ukuthi abe nomlingani owusizo njenge-hornbill, isexwayiso esivela phezulu ngengozi.
Phakathi kwezitha zemvelo zama-mongoose kukhona izingwe, izingulube zezinyamazane, izinsizakalo, izimpungushe, izinyoka ezinkulu ezinobuthi. I-mongoose ingagcinwa kubo ngokushesha kwakhe, ubuhlakani, ubuhlakani, isivinini esikhulu lapho isebenza. Ukuzifihla ekuphishekeleni, ama-mongooses ajwayele ukusebenzisa imizila eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enenzuzo. Usayizi omncane uvumela ama-mongoose ukubalekela ukubona izilwane ezinkulu, ezisindisa izimpilo zazo.
Ngokuvamile, emlonyeni wezilwane ezidliwayo, kuhlangana izilwane ezincane ezingenalwazi noma amawundlu amancane, angenaso isikhathi sokuphunyuka aye emgodini. Futhi ngezinyoni ezidla ezinye nezinkulu, izinto zimbi kakhulu, kunzima ukuthi i-mongoose icashe kuzo, ngoba ngaphezulu izinyoni zingabona kakhulu kunesilwane esincane. Ukuhlaselwa kwezinyoni nakho kuyashesha njengombani futhi akulindelekile, ngakho-ke ama-mongooses amaningi afa ngaphansi kozipho bawo abukhali futhi anamandla.
Ngokuqondene nezinyoka, ezinye izinhlobo ze-mongoose zilwa kanzima futhi ngempumelelo, ngoba kwakungelona ize ukuthi zibe ngamaqhawe endaba kaKipling. Isibonelo, i-mongoose yaseNdiya iyakwazi ukubulala imfezi ekhanyisiwe efinyelela ubude bamamitha amabili. Uma inyoka isaluma umongo, khona-ke ingakugwema ukufa ngokudla impande ephulukisayo ebizwa ngokuthi "mangusvile", eqeda ubuthi benyoka, isindise umongo ekufeni.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-mongoose ayibaleki ngaso sonke isikhathi, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele ilwe nabangenangqondo, ikhombisa isibindi sayo kanye nomoya wayo wokulwa. AmaMongoose ayabhanqa, agobisa imihlane yawo, akhiphe imisindo egqumayo futhi ekhonkothayo, aphakamise umsila wawo omude ngepayipi, alume kakhulu futhi adubule uketshezi lwe-fetid kwizindlala zawo zangasese. Lawa ma-daredevils amancane ane-arsenal eqinile enjalo yezindawo zokuvikela ebhange lawo le-piggy.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Animal Mongoose
Ezinye izifundazwe zethule ukuvinjelwa kokungeniswa kwama-mongooses endaweni yazo, ngoba amacala amaningi ayaziwa lapho alethwa ukuzolwa namagundane, futhi aqala ukwanda ngamandla futhi abhubhise izimbali nezilwane zasendaweni. Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, baqala ukuzingela izinyoni zasekhaya ezifuywayo.
Uma ubheka lesi simo ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungabona ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zemongoose zehlise kakhulu inani labantu, futhi zimbalwa kakhulu ezisele. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokungenelela komuntu nokuthuthuka kwamazwe lapho kuhlala lezi zilwane.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokulinywa komhlaba wezitshalo kuthinta kakhulu impilo yazo zonke izilwane, ngaphandle kwama-mongoose. Lezi zilwane zizingelwa imisila yazo ecebile nenamahlahla.
Abasengozini kunazo zonke ama-mongooses ahlala esiqhingini. EMadagascar, inani labo lehle kakhulu. Ama-mongooses aphuzi aseJavanese kanye nezimbila zasendle zibhujiswe ngabantu ngobuningi babo, kepha ziseningi. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zaseNingizimu Afrika kanye nezimbila zasendle zashushiswa futhi zaqothulwa. bakholelwa ukuthi bangabathwali bamarabi. Zonke lezi zenzo zabantu zenza ama-mongoose azulazule futhi afune izindawo ezintsha ezifanele ukuhlala nokuphila ngempumelelo. Futhi isikhathi sokuphila se-mongoose endle cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.
Kusalokhu kungezwa ukuthi ibhalansi yezinhlobo phakathi kwe-mongoose ayibonwa: inani lezinye izinhlobo lincane kakhulu, kanti ezinye zikhule kakhulu kangangokuba zona ngokwazo ziwusongo kwezinye izakhamizi zendawo.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi isibindi, ubugagu nokushesha kwamaMongooses kuthole udumo lwawo. Ngenhlonipho yabo akubhalwanga nje kuphela indaba edumile kaKipling, kepha ngo-2000 ibutho lethu laqamba izikebhe zejubane zochungechunge lwe-12150 Mongoose, futhi amasosha avela e-Italy ngo-2007 aqala ukukhiqiza izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezihlasela, ezibizwa nge-Agusta A129 Mongoose. Lesi yisilwane esincane, kodwa esinempilo, esiqinile, esingakhathali futhi esidlayo - sihle mongoose!
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 27.03.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-8: 58
