I-amur emhlophe izinhlanzi ezinkulu nezinhle ezivela emndenini waseKarpov. Inenani lezindawo zayo ezizuzisayo. Ikhula ngokushesha, ivumelanisa kahle nemifucumfucu yemvelo yemizimba ehlukahlukene yamanzi amasha. Kuyinto inhlanzi yokuhweba. Ngokunambitheka kwayo okuhle, ibuye ilethe izinzuzo ezengeziwe emadanyini, isuswe ngempumelelo izitshalo zamanzi ezidla ngokweqile.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Amur
I-carp yotshani (i-Ctenopharyngon idella) ingeyomndeni weCarp, i-Carp oda, isigaba se-Bony fish. Lezi zinhlobo zivela eMpumalanga ye-Asia, lapho ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kuphakeme ngisho namanje, kusuka emfuleni i-Amur futhi kufinyelela emingceleni yaseningizimu neChina.
Ividiyo: White Cupid
IBelamur yavela emifuleni yaseRussia ngesikhathi seSoviet Union, lapho ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60 yethulwa futhi yajwayelwa ukulwa ngempumelelo nohlaza oluningi lwasemanzini. Ihlanza imizimba yamanzi kahle kakhulu, idla kuze kufike ku-2 kg wezitshalo zasemanzini nge-1 kg yesisindo somzimba wayo ngosuku olulodwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu omdala omkhulu uyakwazi ukudla cishe u-20-30 kg we-algae ngosuku.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-carp emhlophe ayikwazi ukudla izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi kuphela, kepha futhi ingadla uhlaza lwasemhlabeni, ngale njongo iya ezindaweni zemifula. Amacala aqoshwe ngenkathi abameleli bezinhlobo begxuma baphuma emanzini bayothatha izitshalo zomhlaba.
Lolu hlobo lutholakala emiseleni emikhulu yokunisela kanye nezinqolobane ezisetshenziselwa ukupholisa izitshalo zamandla. Ezimweni ezinjalo zemvelo, inhlanzi ayikwazi ukuzala, futhi ukuzala kwayo kwenzeka ngosizo lwezibungu ezilethwe zivela eKrasnodar Territory naseMoldova.
I-carp emhlophe iyinhlanzi ewusizo ekhuliselwa izinjongo zokuhweba. Inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Inyama ikhuluphele, iyamnandi futhi iminyene, imhlophe, inomsoco. Isibindi se-carp yotshani naso siyigugu, sisetshenziselwa nokudla, isibindi sikhulu, sinokuqukethwe okunamafutha amaningi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Amur fish
I-carp yotshani iyinhlanzi enkulu impela, efinyelela kubude be-1.2 m futhi inesisindo esifinyelela ku-40 kg. Umzimba unesimo se-roll esilinganisiwe, okunye okubamba phansi kuyaziwa ezinhlangothini. Ikhanda liphansi, umlomo uqonde, umphetho ongemuva womlomo awudluli ngaphesheya komphetho wangaphakathi wamehlo kulayini oqondile. Ibunzi libanzi kakhulu.
Amazinyo akhethekile - ipharyngeal, etholakala emigqeni emi-2, icindezelwe ohlangothini lwe-lateral, emaphethelweni amazinyo abukhali kakhulu, angaqhathaniswa nesaha, enendawo engalingani. Izikali zikhulu, ziminyene, zinomugqa omnyama osemaphethelweni esikali ngasinye. Esiswini, izikali zilula, azina rimu. Umhlane nesisu kuyindilinga phakathi kwamaphiko.
Amaphiko:
- i-dorsal fin iyindilinga ngandlela thile, iqala kancane phambi kwamaphiko okhalo, aphakeme kepha hhayi made, anemisebe engu-7 enamagatsha nemisebe emi-3 engavimbelwe;
- amaphiko okhalo alufinyeleli endunu;
- i-anal fin iyindilinga kancane, incane ngosayizi, inemisebe engu-8 enamagatsha nama-3 angaxhunywanga;
- umphetho we-caudal mkhulu, i-notch yayo iphakathi.
Wonke amaphiko alula ngaphandle kwe-caudal kanye ne-dorsal. Ngemuva kwengquza yotshani kuluhlaza ngombala ompunga, izinhlangothi ziyigolide elikhanyayo, nezikali ezingama-40-47 ezisogwini lolayini. Ngaphezulu kwamagill kukhona i-operculum, lapho imivimbo yehlukana khona kakhulu. Ama-Gill ane-stamens encane futhi emifushane. Amehlo ane-iris yegolide. I-carp emhlophe ine-vertebrae engu-42-46 kanye ne-peritoneum emnyama, ecishe ibe mnyama.
Ihlala kuphi i-White Cupid?
Isithombe: Amur bukhoma
Izindawo zemvelo zezinhlanzi yi-East Asia, okungukuthi, ukusuka eMfuleni i-Amur kuya eningizimu, kuya eXijiang. ERussia, uhlobo lwenhlazi yasemfuleni uhlala emfuleni wegama elifanayo, indawo yayo ephakathi nendawo ephansi. Ngenhloso yokuziqhelanisa nama-60s wekhulu lama-20, izinhlanzi zethulwa emifuleni eminingi yase-USSR.
Phakathi kwazo:
- Don;
- Dnieper;
- IVolga;
- Kuban;
- Amur;
- Enisey nabanye.
Ukuhlasela kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuhlanza ekuqongeleleni kwezitshalo.
Futhi, ukwethulwa kwezinhlanzi emachibini anamanzi angenasawoti kwenziwa:
- I-America esenyakatho;
- IYurophu;
- Asia;
- eSakhalin.
Inhloso enkulu yesingeniso ukuzalanisa izinhlanzi njengento yokufuya izinhlanzi. Izala ikakhulukazi eMfuleni iSungari, eLake Khanka, eMfuleni i-Ussuri, emifuleni yaseChina, eDon, eVolga.
Manje ukhaphethi wotshani uhlala cishe kuwo wonke amadamu, amachibi amakhulu nezinhlelo zamachibi omfula:
- IMoldova;
- Ingxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia;
- IBelarus;
- I-Asia Ephakathi;
- Ukraine;
- Kazakhstan.
Ukuba khona kwezinhlanzi emifuleni, emadanyini nasemachibini kuqinisekiswa kuphela ngokuzala okwenziwayo.
Yini edliwa yi-Amur?
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ezimhlophe ze-carp
Isimo esibalulekile sokuba khona kwezinhlanzi ukuba khona kwezimila eziphakeme kakhulu, ngoba utshani obuthambile buyinhlanzi edla kakhulu futhi bondla izitshalo kuphela. Ekuqaleni, ama-zooplankton kanye nama-crustaceans amancane asebenza njengokudla kwe-carp encane yotshani. Njengoba ikhula, lapho ifinyelela ubude bamathumbu kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-10 cm, inhlanzi ishintshela ekudleni izitshalo.
Ukudla kwezitshalo kuyisici esiyinhloko ekudleni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi abantu bezinhlobo ezithile bangadla izinhlanzi ezisencane. Ukuzithoba ekudleni kuyisici esiyinhloko sokuziphatha kokudla. Ngenkathi echibini, angakudla ngenjabulo ukudla okwenzelwe ukhilimu.
Ukudla kwezitshalo okuncanyelwa ngotshani obuluhlaza:
- utshani obuthambile;
- i-elodea;
- ukhukhunathi
- intambo;
- chilim;
- uphondo;
- pdest;
- amaqabunga omhlanga;
- ukuthambeka;
- ulwelwe olunzima.
Uthanda ukudla okutholakala kalula, ngakho-ke uthanda iziqu ezithambile namaqabunga omhlanga asikwe ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukudla "okuthandayo" kungabikho, i-cupid iqala ukudla yonke into, ngokungakhethi, kufaka phakathi izitshalo ezisakhulayo, ezikudonsayo zikusiphule. Udla ingxenye ethile, kepha ukhafula kakhulu. Ungadla ama-beet eziqongweni, amaqabunga eklabishi, i-clover.
Izinga lokushisa kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-30 ° C likulungele kakhulu ukuphakelwa okusebenzayo kwe-cupid. Isisindo sokudla okudliwe kulo mbuso wokushisa sifinyelela ku-120% wesisindo saso. Inqubo yokugaywa kwalezi zinhlobo iyashesha, ukudla okudlula emgudwini omfushane wamathumbu akutholi ngokuphelele. Kancane kakhulu, njengokukhethwa kukho, kudla izinambuzane, izingwe, ama-molluscs.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi sasebusika, lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi futhi linganele, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kungekho ukudla kwemifino nhlobo, kungahle kungadli nhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba uqoqe ukunikezwa kwezakhi zomzimba ngesikhathi sokudla okunomsoco. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona ukwehla komzimba kanye nayo yonke imisebenzi yomzimba yabantu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Amur fish
IBelamur ifuduka endaweni yayo yemvelo kuye ngobuningi besizini. Lapho ifudumele, itholakala ezingeni lemifula, futhi eduze nesimo sezulu esibandayo futhi ebusika ihlala esiteshini somfula, lapho ingahlangana khona njengemihlambi emigodini engezansi komfula.
I-carp yotshani iyanuka, okungukuthi, isebenzisa ukudla okuncane kakhulu okunomsoco - ikakhulukazi izitshalo zasemanzini, futhi nezitshalo zomhlaba ezikhula emithambekeni yemifula nezindawo zokugcina amanzi zingasetshenziswa. Isebenzisa imihlathi ukudabula lesi sitshalo, futhi ngosizo lwamazinyo womphimbo, imicu yesitshalo iyaxega. Amajita amancane kuno-3 cm angasetshenziswa ukondla ama-crustaceans amancane, ama-crustaceans nama-rotifers.
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ezindaweni ezahlukene kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yabo yendabuko - umcengezi woMfula i-Amur, ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka ngeminyaka eyi-10. Emifuleni yamaShayina ngaphambi kwalokho, eneminyaka engu-8-9.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Abamele izinhlobo ezihlala emifuleni yaseCuba bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi kusenesikhathi, beneminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala.
ICaviar iqhamuka ezingxenyeni ezithile, ukuzala kunwebeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:
- emifuleni yaseChina kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti;
- emgodini we-Amur ngoJuni noJulayi. Ukuzalelwa ngasikhathi sinye nakho kucatshangwa.
ICaviar ipelagic, okungukuthi, iyantanta kukholamu lamanzi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3 amaqanda ezelwe, izibungu ziyaqandusela kubo, kubalulekile ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lingabi ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C. Ngokushesha amafry aya ngasogwini, lapho anezimo zonke ezidingekayo, kufaka phakathi ukudla - izinambuzane, izibungu, ama-crustaceans amancane, ulwelwe. Ngemuva kokuthi umzimba ukhule u-3 cm, ushintshela ekudleni izimila.
IBelamur ayinamahloni, kepha iyaxwaya kakhulu. Unezindawo zokucasha, ngokwesibonelo, ezansi nomgodi womfula noma emagatsheni. Imizila izinhlanzi ezibhukuda ngayo ziyefana. Ngezikhathi ezinelanga, uthanda ukubhukuda ezingxenyeni ezingenhla ezifudumele echibini.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Belamur
Abantu abadala balolu hlobo bangabuthana ezikoleni, lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasebusika, izinhlanzi ezisebenzisa emigodini ezansi komfula.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenkathi ebandayo yasebusika, izindlala ezikhethekile zesikhumba zikhiqiza imfihlo ebonakalayo, imicu emhlophe engantanta emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze izindawo zokuqongelela okukhulu kwezinhlanzi.
Ngemuva kokuthomba, (ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engu-7) ehlobo, u-Amur uya kozala. Kufanele kube ngamanzi angajulile, anesisekelo esiqinile, isisekelo sawo okuyitshe noma ubumba. Ukuhamba okwanele kanye nokushisa kwamanzi okungama-25 ° C kubhekwa njengokusemqoka.
Owesifazane uzala ngokwesilinganiso amaqanda angaba yizinkulungwane ezi-3.5, entanta ezingxenyeni ezingenhla ezifudumele zamanzi, bese esakazeka ngokugeleza kwamanzi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, izibungu ziyavela emaqandeni.
Kungakapheli isonto, lesi sibungu, esake sagxila ezitshalweni ezingaphansi kwamanzi echibini, sikhula sithose. UMaleki, osezindaweni ezisogwini, uzondla ngezinto eziphilayo ze-zooplankton ne-benthos. Lapho ifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-3 cm, uMalek ushintshela ekudleni kwemifino.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle - ukuntuleka kokudla, amandla wamanje anamandla, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa elibukhali, ukuzala kumile futhi amaqanda ayabhujiswa, okubizwa nge-resorption.
Izitha zemvelo zamakhekhe amhlophe
Isithombe: Amur
Umuntu omdala we-White Cupid unezilinganiso ezinhle, ngenxa yokuthi akanazitha zemvelo ezimweni zemifula yamanzi angenasawoti. Kepha kubantu abancane, abakhulayo, kunezingozi eziningi, kufaka phakathi:
- izimo zezulu ezingezinhle, ukuguquguquka okushisayo kwamazinga okushisa, izinguquko ngejubane lamanje, isomiso, izikhukhula;
- izinambuzane, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, ezinye izilwane ezingondla nge-caviar. Uma ucabanga ukuthi awekho amaqanda amaningi kangaka azalisiwe, lokhu kungasongela nokuba khona kwabantu;
- ngezinhlanzi ezincane nezisemaphakathi, izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye, kufaka phakathi i-pike ne-catfish, zibeka usongo kuphela uma sikhuluma ngemizimba evulekile yamanzi;
- izinyoni ezihlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi, kanye nezinyoni zasemanzini, zingadla abamele abancane nezinhlobo eziphakathi kwalezi zinhlobo, okuthinta kabi nezimpawu zokubala kwabantu;
- indoda enesimo sayo sokunganaki futhi kwesinye isikhathi esihahayo maqondana nokudoba.
Njengoba i-Amur iyinhlanzi enhle kakhulu futhi enempilo, wonke umdobi ulwela ukuyibamba. Izinkinga zemvelo, ngeshwa, zisezingeni elithusayo. Amanzi angcoliswa yimfucuza kanye nokukhishwa kokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali; ukukhulisa izinzuzo, izici zokukhula namahomoni kunezelwa ukondla, okuguqula yonke i-biocenosis yezinhlelo zemvelo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-carp emhlophe emanzini
IBelamur iyinhlanzi enenani eliphakeme lokuhweba nenani lokuhlanzwa. Ubukhulu besibalo sabantu endaweni yaso yemvelo (amachibi omfula i-Amur) bekulokhu futhi kuhlala kuphansi. Isimo esithile esihlukile siphawulwa ngemuva kwezinqubo zokuhlasela kanye nokujwayela ezindaweni ezihlukene zamanzi zomhlaba. Ukuba ngumthengi ongathobekile wokudla kwezitshalo, i-belamur ikhula ngokushesha, futhi, akuyona imbangi ngokuya ngesici sokudla okunempilo kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Isithiyo kuphela ekukhuleni okusebenzayo kwabantu abafudukayo ukungabi bikho kwezimo ezifanele zokuzala. Lapha basebenzisa ukuletha gazinga kusuka ezindaweni zabo zemvelo kanye nokuzala kanye nokuhlala okusha. Ngakho-ke, njengamanje, i-carp yokuhlasela ivame ukwakha ingxenye enkulu yokubamba okuphelele.
Njengomkhiqizo wokudla, i-cupid yaziswa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokunambitheka kwayo okuhle, inyama yayo nayo inezinto eziwusizo.
Kwezokudoba kungenye yezinhlobo ezithandwayo, kanye ne-carp, lapho kungekho mncintiswano entweni yokudla. Ngenxa yokuthi inhlanzi ayithobeki, ebonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo, isiza ukuhlanza imizimba yamanzi ekukhuleni ngokweqile, ekubeni yi-ameliorator yezinto eziphilayo, iyathandwa ekuzaleni.
I-amur emhlophe omele kahle Karpovs. Inhlanzi enhle enosayizi omangalisayo. Ukungazithobeli ezimeni zobukhona. Inezimfanelo eziningi eziwusizo, phakathi kwazo ukuhlanzwa kwamachibi okudlala indima ebalulekile, kanye nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nezakhiwo zokudla okunempilo. Inikezwe amandla emizimbeni yamanzi yamazwe ahlukahlukene. Ukulima kusetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhweba.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/21/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 18.09.2019 ngo-20: 39
