Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane azithandeki ngokwazo kuphela, kodwa futhi njengesakhiwo senhlalo. Anjalo ama-meerkats. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukubuka impilo yabo lapho bekhombisa imikhuba yabo yemvelo ngenkazimulo ephelele phakathi kohlobo lwabo. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi meerkat Ekuboneni kokuqala, kuvusa uzwelo futhi kuthinte umuntu, empeleni banonya kakhulu ezihlotsheni futhi babhekwa njengesinye sezilwane ezomisa igazi kakhulu.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi kanye nalokhu, ama-meerkats ajwayele ukusebenzisana, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokuthi bayakwazi ukubulala umlingani wabo, bayamdinga ngempela. Ama-Meerkats anobudlelwano obufudumele nabantu; sekunesikhathi eside behlala ezindlini, njengamakati, babamba amagundane nezinambuzane.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Meerkat
Njengezinhlobo zezilwane, ama-meerkats angomndeni we-mongoose, i-oda lezilwane, i-suborder efana nekati. Ama-Meerkats awafani ngokukhethekile namakati, ukuma komzimba kuhluke kakhulu, futhi imikhuba nendlela yokuphila ihluke ngokuphelele. Yize abakholelwa ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo abaningi bethi ama-feline okuqala avela enkathini ephakathi ye-Eocene yeminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-42, "ukhokho ovamile" walo lonke leli qembu akakatholakali ku-paleontology. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwatholakala uhlobo lwenyama lwama-meerkats olungasekho, yingakho kwakukhona umbono wokuthi lezi zilwane zavela ku-mongoose onemigqa ohlala eningizimu ye-Afrika.
Ividiyo: Meerkats
Igama "meerkat" livela egameni lohlelo lwezinhlobo ze-Suricata suricatta. Kwesinye isikhathi igama lesibili lesilwane litholakala ezincwadini: i-myrkat enomsila omncane. Ekusakazweni kwezinganekwane nakuthelevishini, ama-meerkats avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izingelosi zelanga". Bathola leli gama ngenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi sokuma kwabo mpo ngaphansi kwelanga, uboya besilwane bucwebezela kahle futhi kubukeka sengathi isilwane uqobo siyakhazimula.
Umzimba we-meerkat mncane. Umzimba wesilwane uyalingana. Unemilenze ephakeme ngezinyawo ezine zeminwe nomsila omude, omncane. Ama-meerkats anezinzipho eziqinile ezidladleni zangaphambili, eziwasebenzisela ukumba izimbobo kanye nokukhipha izinambuzane phansi. Futhi, umzimba wesilwane umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Meerkat yezilwane
I-meerkat iyisilwane esincane, ngama-gram angu-700-1000 kuphela ngesisindo. Mncane kancane kunekati. Umzimba uvulekile, cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30-35 ngekhanda. Omunye amasentimitha angama-20-25 uhlala ngomsila wesilwane. Banayo mncane, njengegundane, elibekelwe ithiphu. Ama-Meerkats asebenzisa imisila yawo njengamabhalansi. Isibonelo, lapho izilwane zimile ngemilenze yazo yangemuva, noma lapho zibonisa ukuhlaselwa yizinyoka. Ngesikhathi sokulwa nenyoka, isilwane singasebenzisa umsila waso njengesicupho nokwehlisa ikhanda.
Kulula kakhulu ukukala ubude bomzimba we-meerkat ngenkathi ebuka okuthile emi ngezinyawo zakhe zangemuva. Ama-Meerkats athatha lesi sikhundla kaningi. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi bafuna ukubheka kude. Basebenzisa ukuphakama okugcwele ukunikeza i-angle yokubuka ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke imvelo isivumelanise lezi zilwane ukuze zibone umhlaseli esesekude nendawo yazo.
Abesifazane banezingono eziyisithupha esiswini sabo. Angakwazi ukondla amawundlu kunoma yisiphi isikhundla, ngisho nokuma ngemilenze yakhe yangemuva. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa futhi babhekwa njengabakhulu. Izidladla zama-meerkats zimfishane, zincane, zinezinwele futhi zinamandla amakhulu. Iminwe yinde ngezinzipho. Ngosizo lwabo, ama-meerkats akwazi ukumba ngokushesha umhlabathi, embe imigodi, futhi ahambe ngokushesha.
Isifonyo sincane, sincane ngokwedlulele sizungeze izindlebe futhi sincishiswe kakhulu ngasekhaleni. Izindlebe zitholakala ezinhlangothini, kunalokho ziphansi, zincane, ziyindilinga. Impumulo ifana nekati noma eyenja, emnyama. Ama-Meerkats anamazinyo angama-36 emlonyeni, okukhona kuwo ama-incisors ama-3 ngakwesokunene nangakwesobunxele, ngaphezulu nangaphansi, i-canine eyodwa ngakunye, ama-incisors amathathu we-premolar nama-molars amabili eqiniso. Ngabo, isilwane sikwazi ukusika ikhava eminyene yezinambuzane ezinzima nenyama.
Umzimba wonke wesilwane umbozwe ngoboya, kusukela ohlangothini lwangemuva buningi futhi bumnyama, kusukela ohlangothini lwesisu akuvamile, kufushane futhi kukhanya. Umbala uyehluka kusuka kokukhanyayo okukhanyayo okukhanyayo ngisho nangokuphuzi kuya kumathoni ansundu amnyama. Wonke ama-meerkats anemivimbo emnyama oboyeni bawo. Zakhiwa ngamathiphu ezinwele ezidayiwe ngombala omnyama, oseduze komunye nomunye. Umlomo nesisu sesilwane kuvame ukukhanya, nezindlebe zimnyama. Iphuzu lomsila nalo linombala omnyama. Uboya bengeza ivolumu esilwaneni esinciphile. Ngaphandle kwakhe, ama-meerkats angabukeka ezacile futhi amancane kakhulu.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: I-meerkat ayinaboya ojiyile esiswini sayo. Lapho, isilwane sinengubo yangaphansi ethambile kuphela.
Uhlala kuphi umbombayi?
Isithombe: Live meerkat
Ama-Meerkats atholakala kuphela eningizimu ye-Afrika.
Zitholakala emazweni afana nalawa:
- ININGIZIMU AFRIKA;
- IZimbabwe;
- ENamibia;
- IBotswana;
- IZambia;
- I-Angola;
- ECongo.
Lezi zilwane zivumelaniswa nezimo ezishisayo ezomile futhi ziyakwazi ukumelana neziphepho zothuli. Ngakho-ke, bahlala ezingwadule nasezindaweni ezingamahlane. Isibonelo, ama-meerkats atholakala ngobuningi oGwadule lwaseNamib naseKalahari Desert.
Yize zingabizwa ziqinile, ama-meerkats awakulungele ngokuphelele ukuqhuma okubandayo, futhi kunzima ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi. Lokhu kufanele kukhunjulwe kulabo abathanda ukuba nesilwane esiyingqayizivele ekhaya. ERussia, kufanelekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela imibuso yezinga lokushisa ekhaya futhi ungafaki okusalungiswa kwempilo yesilwane.
Ama-Meerkats afana nomhlabathi owomile, owengeziwe noma omncane oxegayo ukuze abambe isiphephelo kuwo. Imvamisa iba neminyango eminingana futhi iphume futhi ivumele isilwane ukuthi sicashe ezitheni komunye umnyango, kanti ngenkathi isilwane sidabula le ndawo, i-meerkat iphunyuka ngomunye ophumayo. Futhi, izilwane zingasebenzisa izimbobo zabanye abantu, zimbiwe ezinye izilwane futhi zishiywe. Noma vele ucashe ekusikeni kwenhlabathi yemvelo.
Uma indawo ilawulwa yisisekelo esinamadwala, izintaba, ama-outcrops, khona-ke ama-meerkats ayakujabulela ukusebenzisa imigede kanye nama-nooks ngenhloso efanayo nemigodi.
Idla ini imerkat?
Isithombe: Meerkat
Ama-Meerkats adla kakhulu ezinambuzaneni. Babizwa kanjalo - izinambuzane. Imvamisa azihambi kude nendawo yazo yokuhlala, kepha zimba eduze komhlaba, ezimpandeni, zigumbuqela amatshe ngaleyo ndlela zizifunele ukudla. Kepha abanakho okukhethwa kukho okukhethekile kokudla, ngakho-ke banokuhlukahluka okuningi.
Ama-Meerkats athola izakhamzimba zawo ku:
- izinambuzane;
- izicabucabu;
- ama-centipedes;
- ofezela;
- inyoka;
- izibankwa;
- amaqanda ezimfudu nezinyoni ezincane;
- izimila.
Okunye ukuzilibazisa kwezilwane ukuzingela ofezela abahlala ngobuningi endaweni eyihlane. Ngokumangazayo, ubuthi bezinyoka nawofezela cishe abuyona ingozi esilwaneni, ngoba i-meerkat ayivikelekile kulobu buthi. Yize kunamacala okuphendula okwandayo kanye namacala angavamile kakhulu okufa kwezilwane agwinywe yinyoka noma ufezela. Ama-Meerkats ashesha kakhulu. Ngokushesha basusa i-dal koofezela ukuze bakwazi ukuyidla ngokuphepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Bafundisa inzalo yabo amasu anjalo, kanti ngenkathi amawundlu engakwazi ukuzizingela, ama-meerkat ahlinzeka ngokudla ngokugcwele futhi awafundise ukuzitholela ukudla nokuzingela. Bangazingela futhi badle amagundane amancane. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ama-meerkats athole ukuthandwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Meerkat animal
AmaMeerkats abhekwa njengongqondongqondo abakhulu. Ukuze baxhumane, bangasebenzisa amagama angaphezu kwamashumi amabili, ngalinye linezinhlamvu eziningana. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuxwayisa ngengozi, ulimi lwabo lunamagama akhombisa ibanga lesilwane ngokuya ngokuthi "kude" nokuthi "eduze." Bayabuye batshelane ukuthi ingozi ivelaphi - ngomhlaba noma ngendiza.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: okokuqala, isilo sikhomba izihlobo zaso ukuthi ikuphi ingozi ingozi, bese kuba lapho - ukusuka lapho sisondela khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bathole ukuthi abasha nabo bafunda incazelo yala magama ngokulandelana.
Olimini lwama-meerkats, kukhona namagama akhombisa ukuthi ukuphuma endaweni yokukhosela kukhululekile, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukushiya, ngoba kunengozi. Ama-Meerkats alala ebusuku. Indlela yabo yokuphila yasemini kuphela. Ekuseni, ngemuva nje kokuvuka, ingxenye yomhlambi isukuma iqaphile, abanye abantu bayazingela. Ukushintshwa konogada kuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo, izilwane ziphoqeleka ukumba imigodi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokumba, izindlebe zabo zibonakala zivaliwe ukuze umhlaba nesihlabathi kungangeni kuzo.
Ngenxa yokuthi ubusuku benkangala buyabanda, futhi noboya bezimvu kaningi abunikeli ukufudumeza okuhle kokushisa, izilwane ziyaqina, ngakho-ke emhlambini bavame ukulala ngokuqinile bodwa. Lokhu kuyabasiza ukuthi bahlale befudumele. Ekuseni, wonke umhlambi ufudunyezwa yilanga. Futhi, ngemuva kokuphuma kwelanga, izilwane zivame ukuhlanza amakhaya azo, zikhiphe inhlabathi eyeqile, futhi zandise imingxuma yazo.
Endle, ama-meerkats awavamile ukuba nempilo engaphezu kweminyaka eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa. Imvamisa, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila siyiminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu. Futhi, ama-meerkats anezitha eziningi zemvelo, avame ukufa, kepha ukufa kwabantu ngabanye kukhuliswa ngokuzala okuphezulu, ngakho-ke inani lama-meerkats alinciphi. Futhi-ke, ukufa kwezilwane kuphezulu, kufinyelela kuma-80% ngamawundlu kanye nakubantu abangama-30% kubantu abadala. Ekuthunjweni bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nambili.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Gopher meerkat
Ama-Meerkats yizilwane zomphakathi. Benza konke ngamaqembu. Bahlala emihlambini emikhulu, eminingi, cishe abantu abayi-40-50. Iqembu elilodwa lama meerkats lingahlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele amabili, lihlale futhi lizingele kulo. Amacala okufuduka kwama-meerkats akuvamile. Kufanele bazulazule befuna ukudla okusha.
Ekhanda lomhlambi kukhona iduna nensikazi, kanti abesifazane babusa, ubukhwenyana phakathi kwezimbuzi. Yinsikazi ekhanda lomhlambi enelungelo lokuzala. Uma omunye ephindaphindeka, khona-ke angaxoshwa futhi adwengulwe abe yizicucu. Amawundlu azelwe nawo angabulawa.
Ama-Meerkats avundile. Abesifazane bayakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo entsha kathathu ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-70 kuphela, i-lactation ihlala cishe amasonto ayisikhombisa. Udoti owodwa ungaba namawundlu amabili kuya kwamahlanu. Inzalo yombhangqwana ovelele ivamise ukunakekelwa yiwo wonke umhlambi. Amalungu omndeni aletha ukudla, aluma imidlwane kusuka eboyeni bezinambuzane kuze kube yilapho enendlela yokuzenzela eyedwa, futhi azivikele ngayo yonke indlela. Kufika ephuzwini lokuthi uma isilwane esikhulu esanele ngokwanele sihlasela umhlambi, futhi wonke umuntu engenaso isikhathi sokucasha kuye, khona-ke abantu abadala bazimboza ngokwabo amawundlu, ngaleyo ndlela basindise abasha ngokulahlekelwa ezimpilweni zabo.
Ukukhuliswa kwamawundlu kuhleleke kahle emihlambini, okuhlukanisa kakhulu izinyamazane ezivela kwezinye izilwane, lapho inzalo ingafundi khona enqubeni yokukhuliswa, kepha ngenqubo yokubuka indlela yokuziphatha kwabazali bayo. Kukholakala ukuthi isizathu salesi sici yizimo eziwugwadule ezinzima zendawo yazo.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izinyamazane ezikhulisiwe, ngokungafani nezasendle, zingabazali ababi kakhulu. Ziyakwazi ukulahla amaphuphu azo. Isizathu ukuthi izilwane zidlulisela ulwazi lwazo esizukulwaneni esisha ngokuqeqeshwa, futhi zidlala indima enkulu kuma-meerkats kunemizwelo engokwemvelo.
Izitha zemvelo zama-meerkats
Isithombe: Amantshontsho e-meerkat
Ubuncane bezilwane kubenza babe izisulu ezingaba khona zezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye. Izimpungushe zizingela izimbila emhlabeni. Besuka esibhakabhakeni, basongelwa izikhova nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, ikakhulukazi izinkozi, ezingazingeli nje kuphela amawundlu amancane, kodwa ngisho nama-meerkats amadala. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoka ezinkulu ngokwanele zingakhasa zingene emigodini yazo. Isibonelo, i-king cobra ayikwazi ukuzitika ngemidlwane engaboni nje kuphela, kepha futhi inkulu kakhulu, cishe abantu abadala - labo ekwazi ukubhekana nabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-meerkats kufanele alwe hhayi nezilwane ezidlayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezihlobo zawo. Eqinisweni, bayizitha zabo zemvelo. Kukholakala ukuthi imihlambi yezinyamazane idla ngokushesha ukudla okukhona kule ndawo futhi ichithe izindawo zayo. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, imindeni iphoqelekile ukuzulazula njalo ukusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye.
Lokhu kuholela ezimpini zemindeni ehlukahlukene ngensimu nokutholakala kokudla. Izimpi zezilwane zinolaka kakhulu; zonke izingxenye zemihlanu ezilwayo ziyashabalala kuzo. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesifazane bavikela imingxunya yabo ngonya ikakhulukazi, ngoba lapho kufa umndeni, izitha zivame ukubulala wonke amawundlu ngaphandle kokukhetha.
AmaMeerkats angena empini kuphela nabamele bohlobo lwabo. Bazama ukucasha ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye noma basuke babaleke. Lapho isilwane sivela emkhakheni waso wokubuka, isilwane sazisa izihlobo zaso ngakho ngezwi, ukuze wonke umhlambi wazi futhi ukwazi ukucasha.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Umndeni wama-meerkats
Ngaphandle kwezinga eliphezulu lokufa kwemvelo, ama-meerkats yizinhlobo ezinengozi enkulu yokuqothulwa. Namuhla, akukho lutho olubasongelayo, futhi abantu bezinhlobo zabo bazinzile kakhulu. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuthuthuka kancane kancane kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu Afrika, indawo yokuhlala yezilwane iyancipha, nendawo yazo yemvelo iyaphazamiseka.
Okungenzeka ukuthi ukungenelela komuntu okuqhubekayo kungasenza sibe sibi kakhulu isimo. Kepha kuze kube manje ama-meerkat awohlobo lohlobo oluchumile futhi awafakiwe kunoma iyiphi iRed Books. Azikho izinyathelo nezinyathelo ezithathwayo ukuvikela nokuvikela lezi zilwane.
Isilinganiso sobuningi bezilwane singafinyelela kubantu abayi-12 ngekhilomitha skwele. Ngokombono wososayensi, ukuminyana okuhle kwabantu abangu-7.3 ngekhilomitha skwele. Ngaleli nani, inani le-meerkat limelana kakhulu nezinhlekelele nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Izilwane kulula kakhulu ukuzithambisa, ngakho-ke zivame ukuthengiswa emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika. Ukususwa kwalezi zilwane endle akunamthelela kubantu bazo ngenxa yokuzala kwazo okuphezulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi meerkat angesabi bantu. Zijwayele izivakashi kangangoba zivumela ukuthi ziphululwe. Basondela kumuntu ngaphandle kokwesaba, futhi bamukela "izipho" ezihlwabusayo ezivela kubavakashi ngenkulu injabulo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 18.03.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/15/2019 ngo-18: 03
