Ingwenya - isirhubuluzi esivela ohlelweni lwezingwenya, kepha sinokuhlukahluka okuningi kwabanye abameleli baso. Bahlala emachibini, emaxhaphozini nasemifuleni. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ezesabekayo nezinjengesidayinaso ziyizilwane ezidlayo ngempela, ezikwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha emanzini nasemhlabeni, futhi zinemihlathi nemisila enamandla kakhulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Alligator
Ama-alligator akufanele adidaniswe nezinye izingwenya - ahlukanisa kudala kakhulu, emuva esikhathini seCretaceous. Ezinye izibankwa ezihlaba umxhwele zasendulo zazingezomndeni we-alligator ngqo - ngokwesibonelo, uDeinosuchus. Ifike kumamitha ayi-12 futhi inesisindo esingamathani ayi-9 Ngokwakheka nangendlela yokuphila, uDeinosuchus wayefana nezingulube zanamuhla futhi wayeyisidlakela esiphakeme esidla ama-dinosaurs. Ummeleli owaziwayo wezingwenya onezimpondo, i-ceratosuchus, naye wayengowama-alligator.
Abamele ama-alligator asendulo babephatha izilwane zomhlaba isikhathi eside, kepha ngemuva kokushintsha kwezimo zemvelo, ngenxa yokuthi ama-dinosaurs aphela, iningi labo lanyamalala, kubandakanya nezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu. Isikhathi eside, bekukholelwa ukuthi ingwenya yamanje, kufaka phakathi ama-alligator, kuphila izinsalela ezihlala cishe zingashintshi ezigidini eziningi zeminyaka, kepha ucwaningo lwesimanje seluthole ukuthi izinhlobo zesimanje zakhiwa ngemuva kokuqothulwa kwabaningi bameleli basendulo bomndeni we-alligator.
Kuze kube manje, kusinde imindeni emibili kuphela - ama-caimans nama-alligator. Phakathi kokugcina, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile: iMississippi neChina. Incazelo yokuqala yesayensi ye-Mississippi alligator yenziwa ngo-1802, izinhlobo ezihlala eChina zachazwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - ngo-1879.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ingwenya yezilwane
Ama-alligator aseMelika makhulu kunabalingani bawo baseChina - ubude bawo bungafika kumamitha ama-4, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu nangaphezulu. Zingaba nesisindo esingafika kuma-300 kilograms, kepha imvamisa ziphindwe kabili kuya ku-2-3. Isifanekiso esikhulu kunazo zonke besinesisindo sethani futhi besingamamitha angu-5.8 ubude - yize ososayensi bengabaza ukwethembeka kwalolu lwazi, futhi amathambo omdondoshiya aphelele.
Ama-alligator ama-Chinese amadala afinyelela ku-1.5-2 wamamitha, futhi isisindo sawo asivamile ukudlula ama-30 kilogram. Kukhona nokukhulunywa ngabantu abakhulu - kuze kufike kumamitha ama-3, kepha amathambo abo aphelele nawo awasalanga.
Umbala ungashintsha kuye ngendawo i-alligator ehlala kuyo. Uma kune-algae eningi echibini, kuzothatha umbala ohlaza okotshani. Emanzi kakhulu, aqukethe i-tannic acid eningi - onsundu ngokukhanyayo. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezihlala emizimbeni yamanzi amnyama futhi enodaka ziba mnyama, isikhumba sazo sithola umbala onsundu, ocishe ube mnyama.
Ukuhambisana nendawo ezungezile kubalulekile ekuzingeleni okuyimpumelelo - uma kungenjalo kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuthi isilwane esihuquzelayo sikwazi ukuzifihla futhi sihlale singaziwa. Akunandaba umbala omkhulu, bahlala benesisu esilula.
Ngenkathi izingulube zaseMelika zinepuleti lamathambo elimboza kuphela umhlane, livikela amaShayina ngokuphelele. Ezidladleni zangaphambili, zombili zineminwe emihlanu, kodwa emilenzeni yangemuva zine kuphela. Umsila omude - ulingana cishe nawo wonke umzimba. Ngosizo lwayo, ama-alligator ayabhukuda, awasebenzise ekulweni, akhe isidleke, ngoba sinamandla. Futhi iqoqa izinqolobane zokubusika.
Izihlangu zamathambo ezivikela amehlo zinikeza ukukhanya ukukhanya kwensimbi, kuthi ebusuku amehlo ezinhlwathi ezisencane athole ukukhanya okuluhlaza, nokwabantu abadala - okubomvu. Amazinyo ngokuvamile acishe abe ngama-80 eMississippi, futhi mancane kumaShayina. Lapho ihlukana, okusha kungakhula.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ukulunywa yi-Mississippi alligator kunamandla kunabo bonke izilwane ezidla ezinye. Kudingeka amandla ukuluma ngamagobolondo anzima wofudu.
Lapho isilwane esihuquzelayo sicwiliswa ngaphansi kwamanzi, amakhala nezindlebe kusibekela imiphetho yesikhumba. Ukuze ube ne-oxygen eyanele isikhathi eside, ngisho nokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wakhe kuhamba kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, uma i-alligator isebenzisa ingxenye yokuqala yokuphakelwa komoya engxenyeni yehora, khona-ke eyesibili inganele amahora amaningana.
Ungahlukanisa i-alligator nezingwenya ezijwayelekile ngezimpawu ezithile:
- impumulo ebanzi, emise okwe-U, ezingwenya zangempela ukwakheka kwayo kusondele ku-V;
- ngomhlathi ovaliwe, izinyo elingezansi libonakala ngokucacile;
- amehlo atholakala ngaphezulu;
- ihlala emanzini amasha (yize ikwazi ukubhukuda emanzini anosawoti).
Ihlala kuphi i-alligator?
Isithombe: I-Alligator emanzini
Ama-alligator aseMississippi angatholakala cishe yonke indawo ngasogwini lwase-US lwe-Atlantic Ocean, ngaphandle kwengxenye yayo esenyakatho. Kepha iningi labo liseLouisiana futhi ikakhulukazi eFlorida - kulesisimo lapho kufinyelela kubantu abangama-80% babantu bonke.
Bancamela amachibi, amachibi noma amaxhaphozi, futhi bangahlala nasemifuleni egeleza kancane. Amanzi amasha ayadingeka empilweni, yize kwesinye isikhathi ekhethwa ezindaweni ezinosawoti.
Uma izilwane ezithanjisiwe zifika emgodini wokunisela endaweni ye-Mississippi alligator, khona-ke kulula ukuzibamba, ngoba azesabi kangako. Ngakho-ke, ama-alligator angahlala eduze kwabantu futhi ondle izilwane ezifuywayo - adla izimvu, amathole, izinja. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, zingathuthela emadolobheni zifuna amanzi nomthunzi noma zizulazule echibini.
Ububanzi bama-alligator aseChina, kanye nenombolo yabo ephelele, yehliswe kakhulu ngenxa yomsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu - manje lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlala kuphela echibini loMfula iYangtze, yize phambilini zazitholakala endaweni enkulu, kufaka phakathi iningi laseChina kanye neNhlonhlo yaseKorea.
Ama-alligator aseChina nawo athanda ukugeleza kwamanzi okuhamba kancane. Bazama ukucasha kubantu, kepha bangahlala eduzane - emadamini asetshenziselwa ezolimo, bemba izimbobo ezingabonakali.
Idla ngani i-alligator?
Isithombe: I-Alligator eMelika
Ama-alligator yizilwane ezinamandla ezesabekayo ezikwazi ukondla noma yini ezingayibamba. Zisongela iningi lezakhamizi echibini kanye nogu lwayo, ngoba banamandla womabili okubhekana cishe nanoma yimuphi wabo, nobuchule obanele bokubamba.
Ukudla kwabo kufaka:
- inhlanzi;
- izimfudu;
- izinyoni;
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane;
- izimbaza;
- izinambuzane;
- izinkomo;
- izithelo namaqabunga;
- ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo.
Ngokuya ngomzimba wamanzi nobuningi bezinhlanzi ezikuwo, iphesenti lawo ekudleni kwama-alligator lingahluka, kepha lihlala lakha isisekelo salo. Ngokuya kocwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi baseMelika, lokhu cishe kungu-50-80% wokudla okumunce isilwane esihuquzelayo.
Kepha i-alligator ayikuthandi ukwehlukanisa imenyu: ngalokhu uzingela izinyoni namagundane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezinkulu. Iphinda idle izitshalo. Abantu abadala abanqeni ukudla amawundlu abanye abantu. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezilambile nazo zidla izidumbu, kepha zikhetha ukudla inyama entsha.
Ukuziphatha kwe-alligator kuncike kakhulu ekushiseni kwamanzi: isilwane esihuquzelayo sisebenza ngokufudumele, cishe ngama-25 ° C nangaphezulu. Uma amanzi epholile, khona-ke aqala ukuziphatha ngokwenqena, futhi isifiso sawo sincipha kakhulu.
Ithanda ukuzingela ebusuku futhi isebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene kuye ngosayizi wesilwane. Kwesinye isikhathi ingalinda isisulu amahora, noma isibuke kuze kufike isikhathi sokuhlaselwa. Kulesi simo, isilwane esihuquzelayo ngokuvamile sihlala singaphansi kwamanzi, futhi ngamakhala nameso kuphela abonakala ngaphezu kobuso - akulula ukubona i-alligator efihliwe.
Ithanda ukubulala inyamazane kusukela ekulungeni kokuqala bese iyigwinya ngokushesha. Kepha uma inkulu, kufanele uphendukele kokumangazayo ngokushaya ngomsila - ngemuva kwalokho, i-alligator idonsela isisulu ekujuleni ukuze iklingene. Abathandi ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu, ngoba imihlathi yabo ayilungiselelwe kahle lokhu - kepha kwesinye isikhathi kufanele.
Abasabi abantu. Nabo ngokwabo bangaba yingozi kubo, kepha abahlaseli ngokuqondile - imvamisa basabela ekucasukeni kuphela. Imvamisa, uma ungenzi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe eduze kwe-alligator, ngeke akhombise ulaka. Kodwa kunengozi yokuthi isilwane esihuquzelayo sizodida ingane ngesisulu esincane.
Okunye okuhlukile ngama-alligator aphakelwa ngabantu, okuyinto ejwayelekile. Uma ukubonakala komuntu ku-reptile kuqala ukuhambisana nokudla, khona-ke angahlasela ngesikhathi sendlala. Ama-alligator aseChina awanolaka kangako kuneMississippi, amacala okuhlaselwa kwawo ngabantu angavamile, ahlukaniswa nokwesaba kwawo.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Isineke se-Alligator asidlulisi isisulu ebesivele sibanjiwe. Uma elwa emuva isikhathi eside, khona-ke umzingeli angahle alahlekelwe yisithakazelo kuye futhi afune omunye.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Alligator
Bhukuda kahle futhi ngokushesha, usebenzisa umsila ukugwedla. Bangakwazi futhi ukuhamba ngokushesha phezu komhlaba - bathuthukisa ijubane lama-20 km / h, kepha bayakwazi ukugcina lokhu kuhamba kuphela ibanga elifushane. Zivame ukubonakala ziphumule emhlabathini, kanti zivame ukuvula imilomo yazo ukuze amanzi ahwamuke ngokushesha.
Ekuqaleni, ama-alligator amancane ahlala endaweni efanayo lapho azalelwa khona, kepha lapho ekhula, aqala ukufuna indawo yokuhlala entsha. Uma abasha behlala ngamaqembu, khona-ke abantu abadala bahlala bodwa: abesifazane bahlala ezindaweni ezincane, abesilisa bavame ukuhlala enkulu.
Bathanda amanzi ageleza kancane, kwesinye isikhathi bangakha amachibi, basebenzise umsila wabo. Bese zikhula kakhulu futhi zigcwele izilwane ezincane. Ihlala emanzini amasha kuphela, noma kwesinye isikhathi ikwazi ukubhukuda ibe ngamanzi anosawoti futhi ihlale lapho isikhathi eside - kepha ayenzelwanga ukuhlala kuwo unomphela.
Umsila ubuye usetshenziselwe ukumba izimbobo - eziyinkimbinkimbi nezisongelayo, ezelulela amashumi amamitha. Yize iningi lomgodi onjalo ungaphezu kwamanzi, ukungena kwawo kufanele kube ngaphansi kwamanzi. Uma yoma, i-alligator kufanele imbe umgodi omusha. Ziyadingeka njengesiphephelo ngenkathi ebandayo - abantu abaningana bangabanda ndawonye kuzo.
Yize kungewona wonke ama-alligator angena emigodini - amanye alala khona emanzini, ashiye kuphela amakhala kuwo. Umzimba wesirhubuluzi uba yiqhwa eqhweni, bese uyeka ukusabela kunoma isiphi isisusa sangaphandle, zonke izinqubo emzimbeni wazo zehla kakhulu - lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi iphile emakhazeni. Ukulala isikhathi eside kujwayelekile kuma-alligator aseChina, iMississippi ingangena kuwo amasonto ama-2-3.
Uma ama-alligator ekwazi ukusinda esikhathini esiyingozi kakhulu sokukhula, khona-ke angafinyelela eminyakeni engama-30-40. Uma izimo zivuma, kwesinye isikhathi ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-70 - kunzima ukuhlangana endle, ngoba abantu abadala balahlekelwa ijubane futhi abakwazi ukuzingela njengakuqala, futhi umzimba wabo, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, awudingi ukudla okuncane kunakuqala ...
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Cig alligator
Ubudlelwano buyinto yama-alligator ngezinga elikhulu kunezinye izingwenya ezinkulu: ngabantu abakhulu kuphela abahlala ngokuhlukana, abanye baqoqana ngamaqembu. Baxhumana bodwa besebenzisa ukumemeza - izinsongo, izexwayiso zengozi ezayo, izingcingo zomshado neminye imisindo ehlukile iyagqanyiswa.
Ama-alligator amaShayina afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili cishe ngeminyaka emihlanu, kwaseMelika kamuva - ngo-8.Kunqunywa, kepha, hhayi ngeminyaka, kepha ngosayizi wesirhubuluzi: amaShayina adinga ukufinyelela imitha, iMississippi - amabili (kuzo zombili lezi zimo, okuncane okuncane kwabesifazane nokuningi kwabesilisa ).
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala entwasahlobo, lapho amanzi efudumala ngokwanele ngalokhu. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni ebandayo yezindawo zokuhlala ezisenyakatho kakhulu, kungenzeka kungafiki nhlobo. Kulula ukuyiqonda uma kufika le sizini yama-alligator - abesilisa baba nokuthula ngokwengeziwe, bavame ukubhonga nokubhukuda bezungeza imingcele yendawo yabo, futhi bangahlasela omakhelwane.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi yakha isidleke osebeni lwedamu, cishe ukuphakama kwemitha. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuphakanyiswe ukwakhiwa kwamatshe ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi nokuwavimbela ekubhubheni ngenxa yezikhukhula. Insikazi ivamise ukubeka amaqanda angaba ngu-30-50, ngemuva kwalokho imboza iklatshi ngotshani.
Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokufukamela, uvikela isidleke kwezinye izilwane ezingakhukhula amaqanda. Iphinde iqaphe umbuso wamazinga okushisa: lapho kushisa khona, isusa utshani, ivumele amaqanda ukuthi aphefumule, uma kupholile, ingene ngaphezulu ukuze ihlale ifudumele.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ambalwa ama-alligator aphila aze abe neminyaka emibili ubudala - cishe eyodwa kwabahlanu. Ngisho nokufinyelela okuncane eminyakeni yobudala bokuthomba - cishe u-5%.
Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ama-alligator amancane ayaqandusela. Ekuqaleni, awekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-20 ubude futhi abuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa kowesifazane kubaluleke kakhulu kubo - ngaphandle kwawo, ngeke bakwazi ukuphuma ngisho naku-clutch okhuni. Uma sezingene emanzini, zakha amaqembu. Uma ukubanjwa okuningana kwabekwa eceleni, amawundlu awo ayaxubana, nomama banakekela wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokwehlukanisa. Lokhu kukhathazeka kungaqhubeka iminyaka eminingana.
Izitha zemvelo zama-alligator
Isithombe: I-Alligator Red Book
Ngokwemvelo, njengabanye abamele izingwenya, bangaphezulu kakhulu kochungechunge lokudla. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi azikwazi ukwesaba ezinye izilwane: ama-panther namabhere angaba yingozi enkulu kubo. Kodwa-ke, okuphambene nakho kuyiqiniso - ama-alligator nawo angabhekana nawo futhi awadle. Kodwa izimo ezinjalo azivamile.
Amanye ama-alligator ayingozi enkulu - phakathi kwabo ukudla kwabantu kudlangile, abantu abadala nabantu abanamandla abanqeni ukuzingela abantu bakubo ngokuya beba buthakathaka. Lesi simo siba njalo kakhulu uma inani labantu endaweni eseduze selikhuphuke kakhulu - lapho-ke kungahle kungabi khona isisulu esanele esanele kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ama-alligator amaningi, ngaphezu kwezihlobo, angasongelwa ama-otter, ama-raccoon, izinyoka nezinyoni ezidla inyama. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi zihlaselwa yizinhlanzi ezinkulu. Kubantu abadala, kepha besebasha, ama-lynx nama-cougars ayingozi enkulu - laba bameleli bama-felines ngokuvamile abahlaseli ngenhloso, kepha amacala wezingxabano phakathi kwabo nama-alligator abhaliwe.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-alligator yaseMississippi ikhule ifike kumamitha ayi-1.5, azikho izitha ezisele emvelweni. Kuyafana nakumaShayina, yize mancane. Isitha esisodwa nesiyingozi kakhulu kubo ngumuntu - phela, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babezingela izingwenya, kufaka phakathi izingwenya, futhi baziqothula.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ingwenya yezilwane
Kukhona ama-alligator ambalwa eMississippi - angaphezulu kwesigidi sawo, ngakho-ke awasongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Yize kungekudala, isimo besingefani: maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, uhla kanye nenani labantu lehle kakhulu ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho, ngenxa yalokho abaphathi kwadingeka bathathe izinyathelo zokuvikela lezi zinhlobo.
Lokhu kube nomthelela, futhi izinombolo zawo zatholwa. Manje e-United States, amapulazi amaningi ezingwenya avuliwe, lapho afuywa khona ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale isikhumba esibalulekile, kanye nenyama, esetshenziselwa ama-steaks, ngaphandle kokulimala kwinani lezilwane ezihuquzelayo zasendle.
Ama-alligator aseChina ayindaba ehlukile. Kunezinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili kuphela zazo ezimweni zemvelo, yingakho izinhlobo zafakwa kwiRed Book. Inani labantu lehle kakhulu ngenxa yokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho, ngoba inyama yengwenya ibhekwa njengeyelaphayo, nezinye izingxenye zayo ziyaziswa.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Igama lesiShayina lama-alligator endawo lihumusha ngokuthi "udrako". Cishe basebenze njengesibonelo samadragoni asezinganekwaneni aseChina.
Kepha usongo olukhulu alukho kulokhu, kepha ekunciphiseni okungapheli kwensimu efanelekile ama-alligator ahlala ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwawo ngabantu. Imizimba eminingi yamanzi ababehlala kuyo manje isetshenziselwa ukutshala irayisi. Abantu bendawo kwesinye isikhathi baphikisana nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, abaningi bayabazonda futhi abakholelwa ukuthi ukulondolozwa kohlobo kuzoba lusizo.
Unogada we-Alligator
Isithombe: Ingwenya enkulu
Noma izingulube zaseChina zinganyamalala emvelweni, zisazophila njengenhlobo: sibonga ukuzalanisa okuphumelelayo ekuthunjweni, ema-zoo, ezinkulisa, emaqoqweni azimele, cishe angaba ngu-10 000 wawo. enye indawo.
Kepha kusabalulekile ukuthi zigcinwe endle, futhi kuthathwa izinyathelo zalokhu: iziphathimandla zaseChina zenze izinqolobane eziningana, kepha kuze kube manje akukaze kwenzeke ukuvimba ukuqothulwa kwama-alligator ngisho nakuzo. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nabahlali bendawo, kwethulwa izithiyo ezinqala futhi kuqiniswa ukulawula ukusebenza kwazo. Lokhu kunikeza ithemba lokuthi ukwehla kwabantu eMfuleni iYangtze kuzomiswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, kwenziwe ucwaningo lokwethula ama-alligator aseChina eLouisiana, futhi kuze kube manje kube yimpumelelo - kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ukukhiqizwa kwabo okusheshayo ezimweni zemvelo ezithandekayo. Uma ukuhlolwa kuthathwa njengokuphumelelayo, kungaphindwa kwezinye izingxenye ze-United States. Lapha bazohlangana nezihlobo zaseMississippi: kepha izinyathelo ezingeziwe azisathathwa ukuvikela - ngenhlanhla, akukho songo ezinhlotsheni.
Ama-alligator anamandla, yize ekufanele ukuwathokozela ukude, ayizidlakela ezinhle nezinamandla ezihlale cishe zingashintshi izigidi eziningi zeminyaka. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zingenye zezinto ezibalulekile zezilwane zeplanethi yethu, futhi ngokuqinisekile azikufanele ukuqothulwa ngesihluku lapho izingwenya zaseChina zibhekene nakho.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/15/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/18/2019 ngo-9: 22
