Ibhungane le-Woodcutter - ummeleli ogqamile weqembu leColeoptera, elidume ngamadevu alo amakhulu. Ngenxa yezici zayo zangaphandle, kuvame ukubizwa nangokuthi i-barbel. Lesi sinambuzane sihlala kakhulu emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo, kepha simelwe cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Futhi akusona isibalo sokugcina lesi. Ososayensi bathola izinhlobo ezintsha ze-barbel minyaka yonke.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: i-beetle lumberjack
Abagawuli bemithi bangumndeni omkhulu kakhulu wamabhungane. Bangabaka-oda be-coleoptera futhi bahlala endaweni yesihlanu enanini lezinto eziphilayo. Njengoba sekushiwo, namuhla ososayensi banezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu. La mabhungane athola igama lawo "abagawuli bezinkuni" ngenxa "yothando" lwabo olukhethekile lwesihlahla. Abadli nje izinkuni, kodwa futhi bakha nezindlu zabo kuzo.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: I-Titan Lumberjack yaziwa njengebhungane elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ubude bomzimba wayo bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angamashumi amabili nambili. Kodwa-ke, lesi sinambuzane esikhulu kangaka asitholakali eminyuziyamu. Abantu abethulwe ukubukwa ngumphakathi banobude obungeqi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayishumi nesikhombisa.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinkuni zidliwa yi-coleoptera ukuze zidliwe, zibhekwa njengezilokazane. Lezi zinambuzane zidala umonakalo omkhulu empahla yabantu, ezakhiweni ezahlukahlukene nasemvelweni. Lesi sidalwa esinamacala amaningi sisatshalaliswa cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Okuwukuphela kwezindawo ezibandayo kakhulu emhlabeni. Inani elikhulu labantu litholakala ezifundeni ezishisayo.
Amadevu abo abhekwa njengesici esiyingqayizivele salezi zilwane. Zihlukaniswe, kaningi kaningana ubude bomzimba uqobo. Izimpiko nazo ziyisici esivelayo. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amalungu omndeni angazisebenzisa. Yizinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezinikezwe amandla okundiza. Amabhungane asezinkulungwaneni ezinkulu ngokuvamile abukeka engenangqondo lapho endiza.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isinambuzane seLumberjack
Iningi labamele abakhi bamapulangwe banosayizi omzimba ojwayelekile. Inani elincane kuphela elingeqembu le-giants - yi-titanium, enamazinyo amakhulu. Ubude babo obungamamitha angu-167. Izilwane ezinjalo zihlala ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika. Amabhungane avela eFiji anezilinganiso ezincane. Ubude bazo bungafika kumasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu. I-barbel yombazi (kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayisithupha) ingumdondoshiya phakathi kwezinhlobo zaseYurophu, i-barbel enombhalo (kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayi-11) ingummeleli omkhulu webutho elihlala eRussia.
Ividiyo: I-Lumberjack Beetle
Intshebe ithatha ingxenye enkulu yobude besinambuzane. Kwesinye isikhathi buphindwe kane kuye kahlanu ubude bomzimba. Umzimba webhungane eligawula izinkuni uzacile, ulengisiwe kancane. Amabala ahlukahlukene nemivimbo kungatholakala kuwo.
Imibala ihlukahlukene:
- mpunga-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- mnyama nokumnyama;
- okuluhlaza okotshani;
- okumhlophe;
- umama-wamaparele;
- ophuzi ophaphathekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Phakathi kwamabhungane amadala okugawula izingodo, kunezinhlobo ezi-atypical. Omunye wabo yi-parandra barbel. Inobukhulu obuncane, ibhekwa njengeyokuqala kakhulu. Umzimba wesinambuzane esinjalo uyisicaba, ubanzi kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, kuvame ukudideka nendluzele.
AbakwaLumberjacks bangenza imisindo eyahlukahlukene. Umsindo ukhiqizwa ngokuhlikihla ubambo ebusweni be-sternum. Umsindo uyahoshozela, awumnandi neze. Amabhungane ayisebenzisa njengesivikelo. Umsindo ukhishwa uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa isitha, uyesabeka ngokwemvelo.
Uhlala kuphi ibhungane eligawula izinkuni?
Isithombe: Ibhungane le-Lumberjack relic
Ibhungane le-barbel lingachuma cishe noma kuphi lapho kunezinkuni khona. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yizifunda ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Izinhlobo zezinkuni eziyizintandokazi zezinambuzane ezinjalo ngama-conifers. Kodwa-ke, bahlala nakwezinye izihlahla, izihlahlana ngisho nasezitshalweni ezine-herbaceous. Ngezinye izikhathi izinambuzane zikhetha izindlu zezwe, ama-dachas okuphila. Bangadla ifenisha yokhuni, izinto zokwakha, eziletha ingozi enkulu.
Ummeleli omkhulu womndeni, ibhungane le-titan lihlala eColombia, ePeru, e-Ecuador, eVenezuela. Bahlala emgodini wase-Amazon. Izakhamizi zala mazwe kwesinye isikhathi ziheha izinambuzane ezinjalo emakhaya azo, bese zizithengisa ngemali enkulu. Isidingo samabhungane e-titanium siphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabaqoqi.
Emazweni aseYurophu, e-Iran, eTurkey, e-Western Asia, eCaucasus nase-Urals, amabhungane okusika izinkuni, ama-tanners, ahlala kubantu abaningi. Bahlala futhi eMoscow. Impilo yonke, izilwane zikhetha amahlathi ahlabayo, ahlanganisiwe. Bahlala ezihlahleni ezifile. Ngokuvamile, cishe izinhlobo ezingamakhulu amahlanu zama-barbel beetle zihlala eRussia. Ezinye izinhlobo zebhungane elisika izinkuni zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Bahlala ePoland, eBelarus, e-Ukraine, eMoldova.
Yini edliwa ibhungane eligawula izinkuni?
Isithombe: Umsiki wezinkuni omkhulu webhungane
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwamabhungane okusika izinkuni amaqabunga, impova, izinaliti. Amanye amalungu ohlobo athanda ukudla ijusi kuphela. Amagxolo amahlumela amancane mancane amathuba okuthi abe ukudla. Idla abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi nendawo. Amagxolo amahlumela amancane iwukudla "kokudla". Kuyasiza amangqamuzana ocansi ukuthi avuthwe.
Ukwehliswa kwezihlahla ezimnyama kuletha ukulimala okukhulu esintwini. Kuhlala izinto zokwakha, ifenisha, izinto zokhuni zezakhiwo zokuhlala nezentengiso. Amabhungane anjalo awazenzeli imifantu kuphela ukuze aphile lapho, kodwa futhi abeka izibungu kuwo. Kuke kwaba nezimo emhlabeni lapho izibungu ze-barbel zicishe zacekela phansi ngokuphelele izindlu zamapulangwe kuzo zonke izindawo.
Ukudla kwezibungu kuqukethe izinkuni ezifile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isihlahla esiphilayo sinamaprotheni amancane kakhulu. Izibungu zidinga amaprotheni ukuze zikhule futhi zikhule. Ezihlahleni ezibolayo lapho amakhowe akhule khona, kunokuningi kakhulu kwaleli protein elidingekayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Emhlabeni kunabantu abadala bokhula begawula abangadli nhlobo.
Isibonelo sezinambuzane ezihamba ngaphandle kokudla yi-titanium beetle. Uphila ngalezo zakhi zomzimba akwazi ukuziqongelela esigabeni sesibungu. Amabhungane abekezelela isikhathi sokuzila ngokwejwayelekile. Futhi sonke isikhathi sabantu abadala asihlali isikhathi eside - kuphela amasonto ambalwa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ibhuku elibomvu le-Lumberjack Red Book
Indlela yokuphila, isigqi sempilo sincike ezintweni eziningi:
- indawo;
- isimo sezulu, isimo sezulu esifundeni;
- ikhwalithi yokudla;
- ubulili.
Izimbungulu ezindala ezihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu ziqala ukusebenza kusukela maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Ibhungane eligawula izinkuni lihamba endaweni yase-Asia Ephakathi kuphela ekwindla. Abameleli abangajwayelekile bomndeni, abazondla ngezimbali, bahola impilo yasemini. Zonke ezinye izinhlobo zikhetha ukundiza, ukuzala nokuzondla ebumnyameni.
Iningi lamabhungane amadala e-barbel achitha isikhathi sawo ecashile emini. Lapho baphumula badle. Izinambuzane ezinjalo zindiza ngokungavamile kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bomzimba. Kunzima ukuthi izimbungulu ezinjalo zisuke futhi zihlale phansi kancane. Zimbalwa kuphela izinhlobo ezindizayo ezingenza indiza ende. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwezinye izinhlobo zezinsikazi zindiza ngaphezulu, kwezinye - ezeduna.
Ibhungane elisika izinkuni yisinambuzane esinokubukeka okwethusayo. Kodwa-ke, akwenzi umonakalo emzimbeni kubantu. I-barbel ayilumi ngokungadingekile, inomlingiswa ozolile. Umlando wazi inani elincane kakhulu lezehlakalo ezinjalo. Futhi ukuluma uqobo akulona ingozi kubantu. Iyaphola ngokushesha.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: i-beetle lumberjack
Abaphunguli bezingodo besifazane bazalela amaqanda entwasahlobo. Ukuzalanisa, bakhetha ngokucophelela indawo eyimfihlo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le ndawo izosebenza hhayi nje "njengophahla" ngaphezulu kwekhanda, kepha futhi njengomthombo wokudla wezibungu. Imvamisa, amaqanda abekwa emifantwini emikhulu esihlahleni. Abesifazane bathanda ama-conifers: uphayini, umsedari, ngokulambisa. Izinambuzane zinquma uhlobo lwesihlahla ngephunga laso elibucayi.
Abesifazane beLonghorn bangabeka izinombolo ezahlukahlukene zamaqanda. Kwesinye isikhathi inani labo lifinyelela izingcezu ezingamakhulu amaningana ngasikhathi. Emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokubekwa, izibungu ziqala ukuvela. Banombala omhlophe, ukubukeka okuxakile. Izibungu zeBarbel zifana nezikelemu, zinamandla kakhulu.
Iqiniso elimnandi: Ibhungane eligawula izinkuni livame ukuzalana nezinye izinhlobo. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhiweni kwenani elikhulu lembumbulu.
Izibungu zebhungane le-Lumberjack zinemihlathi eqinile, enamandla, zinezinga eliphakeme lokusinda. Abahlali nje ngokhuni kuphela, kodwa futhi ngenkuthalo bathutha lapho ukuthola umthombo omusha wokudla. Isifiso sezibungu singekho esimweni esihle. Ngokuqongelela okukhulu, bayakwazi ukucekela phansi ngokuphelele isakhiwo esenziwe ngokhuni ngesikhathi esifushane.
Izibungu zamabhungane okusika izinkuni zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Kuthatha isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokukhula. Kweminye unyaka owodwa, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo zeminyaka cishe kuyiminyaka emibili. Abantu abadala baphila isikhathi esincane - esingeqile ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu.
Izitha zemvelo zamabhungane okusika izinkuni
Isithombe: Beetle barbel lumberjack
Ama-Woodpeckers ayizitha zemvelo eziyingozi kakhulu zamabhungane amadala okhuni. Yibo abavame ukuhlasela izinambuzane. Ziphinde zizingelwe ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Ama-Barbel beetle avame ukuba yizisulu zezinambuzane ezidlayo. Ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwabo ngama-microorganisms ama-parasitic. Lezi zokugcina zibulala izilwane kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile.
Izibungu zihlala ezindaweni ezifihlekile, ngakho-ke mancane amathuba okuthi ziwele kwizitha zemvelo. Zizingelwa ngeminyovu, amagciwane amancane kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamabhungane.
Abagawuli bezinkuni asebekhulile abahlushwa yizilwane ezidla izinyoni nezinyoni kakhulu njengezandla zabantu. Izinhlobo zebarbel ezingavamile, ikakhulukazi abantu abakhulu basengozini ethile. Emazweni amaningi, bazingelwa ngabaqoqi nabathandi abangaphandle. Babamba amaqoqo abo noma ukuthengiswa. EMelika, ngokwesibonelo, ungathola cishe inkulungwane yamadola ngebhungane lokugawula imithi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibhungane le-Lumberjack elivela eRed Book
Ibhungane eligawula izinkuni linezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Ngalesi sizathu, umndeni awunakubizwa ngokuthi usengozini. Inani lezinambuzane ezinjalo endaweni eyinhloko yokuhlala likhulu ngokwanele, akukho lutho olusongela lokho. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo eziningi zebhungane ze-barbel zincipha ngokushesha. Ezinye izinhlobo zifakiwe kwiRed Data Books zamazwe aseYurophu.
Izici ezilandelayo zithinta ukwehla kwenani labantu bezinhlobo ezithile zabagawuli bezinkuni:
- ukugawulwa okukhulu kwamahlathi e-coniferous. AmaConifers asetshenziswa kakhulu ngenkathi kwenziwa ifenisha. Ukugawulwa okungalawulwa kuholela ekubhujisweni "kwezindlu" zabagawuli bezinkuni;
- ukubamba amabhungane ngabaqoqi. Lokhu kungenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zabantu abasemakethe;
- ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane ngabantu. Ibhungane elisika izinkuni, ikakhulukazi izibungu zalo, liyinambuzane. Labo bantu abahlala ezindlini, ezindlwaneni zasehlobo, babhujiswa ngezikhathi ezithile ngosizo lwezingoma ezikhethekile.
Ukuvikelwa kwebhungane lamapulangwe
Isithombe: umsiki wezinkuni webhungane
Namuhla isibalo se-barbel sombazi sincipha ngokushesha. Lesi sinambuzane sibhalwe kuRed Book ePoland, eCzechoslovakia, eHungary naseRed Book yaseKrasnodar Territory eRussia. I-barbel ye-oki ibhalwe kuRed Book lase-Ukraine. ERussia, inani labamele abagawuli bezinkuni abasebenza kabusha lincipha ngokushesha. Yena, kanye ne-Alpine barbel, ubhalwe kuRed Book laseRussia.
Ukwehliswa okusheshayo kwalezi zinhlobo ezingenhla zokuhleleka kwe-coleoptera kuholela esidingo sokwethula izindlela zokuvikela. Ngakho-ke, eHungary, ukuqoqwa kwe-barbel akuvunyelwe, kujeziswa ngumthetho. Kwezinye izifunda, uhulumeni wethula izindlela zokunciphisa intuthuko yezomnotho yezindawo okuhlala kuzo abagawuli bezinkuni.
Ibhungane le-Woodcutter - omunye wabamele abahle kakhulu bomndeni webhungane. Leli bhungane elikhulu elinokubukeka okuvelele, okugqamile kulo amadevu amakhulu. Minyaka yonke, ososayensi bathola izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha zabasiki bezinkuni, ngakho-ke inani labantu lalezi zinambuzane lisezingeni eliphakeme impela. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezithile ze-barbel zincipha ngokushesha ngenani, okudinga ukuthi abantu bathathe izinyathelo ezithile zokuzivikela.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 13.03.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 17.09.2019 ngo-17: 32
