Inyanga yenhlanzi - enye yezinhlanzi ezingafundiwe kakhulu olwandle lomhlaba. Ngaphandle kokuthi iheha ukunaka ngokubukeka kwayo, ihlala iyimfihlakalo kubaphenyi emkhakheni we-physiology nokuziphatha. Kuze kube manje, mancane amaqiniso aziwayo ngaye, futhi ikakhulukazi lokhu kungukubheka okungenasisekelo kokuziphatha kwakhe nendlela yakhe yokuphila. Noma kunjalo, kukhona indawo yokudoba esebenzayo yale nhlanzi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Inyanga yenhlanzi
Le nhlanzi yathola igama layo ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile, ngokufana nenyanga. Iyilungu le-oda le-blowfish futhi inamazinyo nesikhumba, ngokufana nokwakheka, kanye nokungabikho kohlangothi olungaphandle lwama-gill. Isibonelo, inhlanzi enephoyisa enephoyinti ingeye-oda, kepha i-puffer ise-suborder ye-dog-fish, nenyanga iku-suborder yezinhlanzi zenyanga.
Ukuhleleka kwezinhlanzi ezi-puffer ngokuvamile akujwayelekile. Lezi zinhlanzi zibonakala ngokuma komzimba okungajwayelekile njengebhola nesikwele. Izinhlanzi ezivela kulo myalelo zijwayela kalula amazinga okushisa ahlukene wamanzi futhi zihlala cishe kuzo zonke izilwandle.
Ividiyo: Inyanga yenhlanzi
Elinye igama lesiLatini lale nhlanzi yi-mola mola, okusho ukuthi "itshe lokugaya", i.e. idivayisi eyindilinga yokufudumeza okusanhlamvu. Le nhlanzi ibizwa nangokuthi "i-sun fish" ngenxa yokuma kwayo okuyindilinga. EJalimane, le nhlanzi ibizwa ngokuthi "inhloko yezinhlanzi" ngenxa yomzimba wayo.
AbaseBrithani babiza le nhlanzi ngokuthi inyanga "Ocean sunfish" nangenxa yesimo sombuthano kanye nezimo ezilandelayo: le nhlanzi ithanda ukugeza ilanga, indize ebusweni bamanzi futhi ihlale lapho isikhathi eside. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuziphatha kufakazelwa ngokwesayensi, ngoba izinhlanzi zasolwandle zinamandla okuphulukisa ezinhlanzini - ngemilomo yazo zisusa izimuncagazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba sayo.
Inhlanzi yenyanga iyinhlanzi emathambo enkulu kunazo zonke, njengoba isisindo sayo singahluka ngethani noma amabili.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-moonfish ejwayelekile
Imvamisa ubude besidalwa bungu-2.5 m ukuphakama, cishe u-2 m ubude (inhlanzi enkulu ikhula ifike ku-4 no-3 m).
Umzimba wezinhlanzi zenyanga ucabalelekile usuka ezinhlangothini futhi ubheke phezulu, okwenza ukubonakala kwawo kube okungajwayelekile. Umzimba wayo ungafaniswa ngesimo nediski - indiza ebanzi. Kubuye kuhlukaniswe ukungabikho okuphelele komkhawulo we-caudal ngenxa yamathambo angathuthuki kahle webhande le-pelvic. Kepha izinhlanzi zingaziqhayisa nge "mbumbulu-umsila", owakhiwa amaphiko we-dorsal kanye ne-pelvic agudluke ndawonye. Ngenxa yezintambo eziguquguqukayo zenqwaba, lo msila uvumela inhlanzi ukuba ikwazi ukuhamba emanzini.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ngo-1966, kwabanjwa i-moonfish yowesifazane, eyayinesisindo esingu-2300 kg. Le nhlanzi yangena eGuinness Book of Records.
Inhlanzi yenyanga ayinazo izingwengwezi zangaphandle, futhi izigaxa zayo zivela njengemigodi emibili emise okweqanda. Ngenxa yalokhu kungavikeleki, kuvame ukuba yisisulu sezinambuzane noma izinhlanzi eziphila ngamagciwane. Inamehlo amancane nomlomo omncane, okwenza ingabi nabungozi ezimpilweni eziningi zasolwandle.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: inhlanzi yenyanga ayinaso nje isisindo sokuqopha phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezinamathambo, kepha futhi nomgogodla omfushane kakhulu ohlobene nosayizi womzimba: ama-vertebrae ayi-16-18 kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ubuchopho bakhe bude kunentambo yomgogodla.
Le nhlanzi ayinaso isibhamu sokubhukuda nolayini ohlangothini, ngenxa yalokho izinhlanzi ezibona ingozi ingabonakali. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhlanzi cishe ayinazo izitha zemvelo endaweni yayo.
Inhlanzi ayinasikali ngokuphelele futhi isikhumba sayo esiminyene sigcwele amafinyila avikelayo. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abadala, kutholakala iziqu ezincane zamathambo, ezithathwa njengezi "zinsalela" zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zesikali. Akumibalabala - mpunga nonsundu; kodwa kwezinye izindawo izinhlanzi zinamaphethini agqamile. Ezimweni zobungozi, inhlanzi yenyanga ishintsha umbala iba mnyama, okunikeza ukubukeka okwesabisayo emhlabeni wezilwane.
Ihlala kuphi inhlanzi yenyanga?
Isithombe: Moonfish
Izinhlanzi zenyanga zenzelwe ukuhlala emanzini afudumele wanoma yiziphi izilwandle, njenge:
- IPacific East, okuyiCanada, iPeru neChile;
- Indian Ocean. Inhlanzi yenyanga itholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zalolu lwandle, kubandakanya noLwandle Olubomvu;
- Amanzi aseRussia, eJapane, e-Australia;
- Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi zibhukuda zingene oLwandle iBaltic;
- Empumalanga ye-Atlantic (Scandinavia, South Africa);
- ENtshonalanga ye-Atlantic. Lapha izinhlanzi azivamile, zivela kaningi eningizimu ye-Argentina noma eCaribbean.
Ukufudumala kwamanzi, kuphakama inani lalezi zinhlobo. Isibonelo, entshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean ngasogwini, kunabantu abangaba ngu-18,000 abangaphansi komitha owodwa ngosayizi. Ukuphela kwendawo lapho inyanga yezinhlanzi ingahlali khona yi-Arctic Ocean.
Izinhlanzi zingehlela ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-850. Isikhathi esiningi zingatholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-200 ngokwesilinganiso, ukusuka lapho kwesinye isikhathi zintanta ziye phezulu. Imvamisa izinhlanzi ezivelile zibuthaka futhi zilambile futhi ziyafa ngokushesha. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi akumele lehle libe ngaphansi kuka-11 degrees Celsius, ngoba lokhu kungabulala izinhlanzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kukholakala ukuthi izinhlanzi ziyantanta ebusweni bamanzi hhayi nje kuphela ukuzihlanza ngama-parasites, kodwa futhi nokufudumeza umzimba ngaphambi kokuntywila ekujuleni.
Zidlani izinhlanzi zenyanga?
Isithombe: Inyanga yezinhlanzi ezinkulu
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi zenyanga kuncike lapho ihlala khona. Ukudla kumele kube okuthambile, yize kwakukhona izimo lapho izinhlanzi ezinjalo zazidla ama-crustaceans ane-chitin elukhuni.
Imvamisa inhlanzi yenyanga idla:
- IPlankton;
- Ama-salps;
- Ama-Combs;
- I-Jellyfish;
- Izibungu ze-Eels ne-eel;
- I-starfish enkulu;
- Izipanji;
- Ama-squid amancane. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nempi phakathi kwenhlanzi ne-squid, lapho inhlanzi, ngenxa yokuhamba kwayo okuphansi, ihlehla;
- Izinhlanzi ezincane. Zivame kakhulu ngaphezulu noma eduze kwemifula;
- Ulwelwe. Akuyona inketho enomsoco kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi zidla lapho kudingeka kakhulu.
Ukudla okunhlobonhlobo okunjalo okutholakala esiswini senhlanzi kusikisela ukuthi izinyanga zidla emazingeni ehlukene amanzi: kokubili ekujuleni naphezulu. Imvamisa, ukudla kwezinhlanzi zenyanga yi-jellyfish, kepha azanele ngokwanda okusheshayo kwezinhlanzi.
Lezi zinhlanzi azinakho ukuhamba okudingekayo futhi azikwazi ukulandela isisulu sazo. Ngakho-ke, umlomo wazo uguqulelwa ukuncela emfuleni omkhulu wamanzi lapho ukudla kungena khona.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inyanga enkulu yezinhlanzi
Izinhlanzi zihola indlela yokuphila yodwa, zigxumagxuma ezikoleni kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlanzi ezibhukuda ngababili isikhathi eside noma impilo yabo yonke. Ezikoleni, izinhlanzi ziduka kuphela uma kwenzeka kunqwabelana izinhlanzi ezihlanzayo noma izinhlanzi.
Inhlanzi ichitha isikhathi esiningi ekujuleni, kwesinye isikhathi intanta phezulu ukufudumeza umzimba nokuyihlanza kuma-parasites. Lapho intanta phezulu, ayintante iqonde mpo, njengoba kujwayele ukwenzeka, kepha ivundla ngokuvundlile. Ngakho-ke indawo yomzimba wakhe ivumela izinhlanzi zasolwandle ukuba zihlale phansi bese ziqala ukuthola ama-parasites ngaphansi kwesikhumba esijiyile.
Ngokungafani nezinhlanzi eziningi, amaphiko ezinhlanzi zenyanga awahambi ngapha nangapha. Umgomo womsebenzi wabo uyefana nezigwedlo: izinhlanzi zibamba emanzini nazo futhi zihamba kancane ekujuleni. Kepha ukuthosa kwalezi zinhlanzi kuhamba namaphiko azo angakakhiwa njengezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile: kwesobunxele nakwesokudla.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlanzi eziningi, inhlanzi yenyanga ibhukuda kancane kakhulu. Ijubane elikhulu lokuhamba cishe liyi-3 km / h, kepha izinhlanzi zihamba amabanga amade kakhulu: kufika ku-26 km ngosuku. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuma mpo kwenhlanzi kukuvumela ukuthi ubambe imisinga esheshisa ukuhamba kwayo.
Ngokwemvelo, lezi zinhlanzi ziyi-phlegmatic. Azibonisi ulaka oluya ezinhlotsheni zokuphila ezizungezile futhi azinabungozi kubantu. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obumangalisayo, izinhlanzi zenyanga zivumela ngokukhululekile abatshuzi be-scuba ukuba babhukude besondelene nabo. Uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa, inhlanzi yenyanga ayikwazi ukulwa nayo, ngoba ayinayo i-dexterity edingekayo, futhi imihlathi yayo ayilungiswanga ukuluma ngezinto ezinzima.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Fish sea sea
Njengoba sekushiwo, ngobuningi bezinhlanzi zenyanga kunamasizungu. Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo alufundiswanga kahle, kunzima ukusho ngokuqinisekile nge-biology yokuzala. Kodwa ososayensi bathole ukuthi inhlanzi yenyanga iyisilwane esinomgogodla owanda kakhulu emhlabeni.
Isikhathi sokukhwela siwela cishe ngesikhathi sasehlobo, lapho izinhlanzi zinethuba lokuya emanzini angajulile. Lesi yisikhathi esingajwayelekile lapho kungabonakala isikole sezinhlanzi. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zihlangene endaweni encane, zivame ukuzala endaweni eyodwa. Yilapho indima yabazali yezinhlanzi zenyanga iphela khona.
Inhlanzi endala izalela amaqanda afinyelela ezigidini ezingama-300, okuvela kuwo izibungu. Iziphungumangathi zinobukhulu bephini obungu-2.5 mm, futhi zinegobolondo lokuzivikela ngendlela yefilimu eguquguqukayo. Esimeni sesibungu, inhlanzi yenyanga inokufana kwangaphandle nesihlobo sayo, inhlanzi ekhukhumezekile. Isici sokubukeka kuphela esivikela izibungu, ngoba uma kungenjalo azivikelwe lutho ezilwaneni ezidla imvelo kanye nemvelo yangaphandle enobudlova.
Amaqanda ezinhlanzi zenyanga azalela engxenyeni eseningizimu yamanzi ase-Atlantic, olwandle lwaseNdiya nolwePacific. Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinhlanzi zenyanga ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-23, kuyaqabukela ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-27. Ekuthunjweni, izinhlanzi zikhula ngokushesha futhi zifinyelela osayizi abakhulu, kepha isikhathi sokuphila kwazo sehliselwe eminyakeni eyi-10.
Izitha zemvelo zenhlanzi zenyanga
Isithombe: Inyanga yenhlanzi
Ngenxa yokuthi inhlanzi yenyanga ihlala ikakhulukazi emanzini ajulile, ayinazitha eziningi zemvelo.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Amabhubesi olwandle. Imvamisa lesi silwanyana asikwazi ukuluma ngesikhumba esinyene senhlanzi yenyanga. Uyambamba lapho esekhona futhi alume amaphiko akhe, akwenze kungakwazi ukunyakaza. Uma eminye imizamo yokuluma inhlanzi ingaphumeleli, ibhubesi lasolwandle lishiya inyamazane kulesisimo, ngemuva kwalokho inhlanzi iyaminza bese ihlala idliwa yi-starfish.
- Imikhomo yokubulala. Imikhomo ebulala izinhlanzi kuphela ehlasela izinhlanzi zenyanga, kepha amacala awavamile. Imvamisa, ama-cetacean awanasithakazelo kulezi zinhlobo futhi awazinaki. Imikhomo ebulalayo ehlasela izinhlanzi zenyanga yayilambile noma indala ukuze izingele ngokugcwele.
- Oshaka. Lezi zidlakela zihlasela ngokuzithandela izinhlanzi zenyanga. Imihlathi kashark ivumela ukuluma ngesikhumba esikhulu sezinhlanzi ngaphandle kwesithiyo, kanti izinsalela ziya kubaqaphi abangaphansi kwamanzi - ama-crustaceans amancane ne-starfish. Kepha oshaka abavame ukutholakala ekujuleni kwezinhlanzi zenyanga, ngakho-ke ukuhlangana okunjalo akuvamile.
- Isitha esikhulu sezinhlanzi zenyanga ngumuntu. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, ukudotshwa kwalezi zinhlobo kwakuthandwa kakhulu, yize inhlanzi ngokwayo inenani elincane kakhulu lokudla okunempilo. Bayitholile njengendebe, ngoba kungekudala nje inhlanzi yenyanga ibiyindida eyisimanga futhi ingahloliwe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Big Moonfish
Kunzima ukulinganisa inani elilinganiselwe lenhlanzi yenyanga emhlabeni. Uvundile futhi cishe akanazo izitha zemvelo, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngabantu balezi zinhlobo. Ukungcola kwe-Ocean kungenye yezingozi ezimbalwa ezinhlanzi. Imvamisa zimunca udoti wepulasitiki ngokudla, okuvala imigwaqo yomoya futhi kubangele ukufuthana.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi inhlanzi yenyanga akusona isidalwa esinolaka, kwesinye isikhathi ishayisana nezikebhe noma igxumele kuzo, kwesinye isikhathi okuholele ekulimaleni nasezingozini. Ukungqubuzana okunjalo kuvame kakhulu.
Ukudoba okusebenzayo kwale nhlanzi kusaqhubeka. Inyama yabo ayinambitheki, inomsoco futhi inempilo, kepha ibhekwa njengesibiliboco emazweni aseMpumalanga. Zonke izingxenye zezinhlanzi ziyadliwa, kufaka phakathi izitho zangaphakathi (ezinye zishiwo ukwelashwa). Inyanga yenhlanzi iyaqhubeka nokucwaningwa ososayensi. Okuseqhulwini okwamanje ukutadisha izinqubo zokufuduka nezimpawu zokuzala.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06.03.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 18.09.2019 ngo-21: 12
