Llama kuthakazelisa kakhulu ngokubukeka kwayo. Ukuba seduze namakamela, ngokuvamile awafani nekamela. Azinawo ama-humps, imilenze imifushane kakhulu, intamo ende, futhi usayizi wawo mncane kaningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlali ezindaweni ezihlukene kuphela, kepha nasemazwenikazi ahlukene. Lapho, amakamela nama-llamas banezici ezifanayo zobuntu nokuziphatha.
ILlamas manje cishe cishe kuwo wonke ama-zoo futhi abantu bangabazi kangcono cishe kuwo wonke amadolobha aseRussia. Wonke umuntu uyazi uboya be-llama - imikhiqizo yoboya obubalulekile nezingubo. ILlamas zaziwa kangcono njengezilwane ezifuywayo, endle zinezinga eliphansi lokusinda futhi isibalo siyancipha ngenxa yokudubula. Kwezolimo, zikhiqizwa ngenkuthalo, zinakekelwa futhi zisetshenziselwe umsebenzi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Lama
AmaLlamas angabomndeni wamakamela, uhlobo lwamaLlamas. Amakamela ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili kuphela: uhlobo lwamakamela nohlobo lwama-llamas, angenakukwazi ukuhlangana, ngakho-ke ukwahlukaniswa okunjalo kwenziwa. Ososayensi bakwazile ukweqa ngokwabo i-llama ngekamela elinomswakama owodwa, kepha lokhu akwenzeki emvelweni, lokhu kungokwesayensi kuphela.
Amakamela namaLlam kukholakala ukuthi anezimpande ezifanayo nezinyamazane. Bavela endaweni yaseNyakatho Melika cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-40 edlule. Kamuva bathuthela eNingizimu Melika base baya eYurophu. AmaLlamas, ngokungafani namakamela ngokwawo, aguqulelwe endaweni ehlukile, indawo eyihlane ayihambisani nabo, bahlala ezintabeni, bahlala e-Andes. Isikhathi esiqondile sokuvela kwabo asaziwa, kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-llamas afuywa eminyakeni eyi-1000 BC ngamaNdiya aseAndes. Olunye uhlobo lwe-llama, i-alpaca, lwenziwa ekhaya ekuqaleni, eminyakeni engaba ngu-6 000 edlule ngamaNdiya asePeru.
Ividiyo: Lama
Lapho-ke zazingenazo ezinye izilwane ezithwalayo, ama-llamas kwakuwukuphela kwezilwane ezazikwazi ukuthwala imithwalo. Ngesisindo sazo esiphansi cishe esingaba ngu-100 kg, ama-llamas akwazi ukuthwala kufika ku-50 kg emhlane wawo, ebangeni elifinyelela kuma-25 km ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa engaphezu kwama-25 kg awalayishwa isilwane ngasinye. AmaLlamas mancane kakhulu kunamakamela, uma ukuphakama kwekamela ekubuneni kusuka kumamitha amabili kuya kwamabili nohhafu, ukukhula kwe-llama kungaphezudlwana nje kwemitha. ILlamas inesimo sekhanda elifana ncamashi nekamela, futhi futhi ivame ukukhafula. Lesi sici siyejwayelekile kuwo wonke umndeni wekamela.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-llamas esewonke:
- ama-llamas;
- i-alpaca;
- guanaco.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-llama yezilwane
AmaLlamas zombili izinyamazane namakamela ngasikhathi sinye. Noma kunjalo, azinazo izimpondo noma ama-humps. Umzimba uvulekile, ufinyelela kumamitha amabili, ujikeleze futhi mkhulu esigabeni esiphambanweni, kepha kunalokho uphansi - ukukhula kwesilwane ekubuneni kungaphezudlwana nje kwemitha elilodwa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukukhula kwe-llama kunxeshezelwa intamo ende ende. Abesilisa bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane, yingakho abantu bewasebenzisela ukuthutha. Kepha abesifazane bagcinwa kuphela ngokuzalanisa noboya, abasengwa ngisho.
Ikhanda lincane, linwetshiwe, lifana ncamashi nalelo lekamela. Izindlebe zinde, zimile, zikhombe emaphethelweni. Amehlo amnyama, makhulu, ayindilinga, atholakala ezinhlangothini, anezinhlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi. ILlamas entula amazinyo angaphambili, bancinda utshani ngezindebe zabo bese bezihlikihla ngamazinyo abo ohlangothini.
Intamo ye-llama yinde ngokungenakulinganiswa futhi mncane ngokuqhathaniswa nomzimba, engeza uhhafu omuhle wokuphakama kwesilwane. Ukuphakama okuphelele kungamamitha amabili; kulapho kuphakama khona ikhanda elincane lesilwane.
Imilenze imifushane, mincane. Izinselo zenziwe ngemfoloko, ama-callus amakhulu abekwe wedwa, ngakho-ke, kanye namakamela, ahlukaniswe ne-suborder of calluses. Lolu uhlobo lokuzivumelanisa nendawo enamadwala noma eshisayo, ukuze isilwane sibe nethuba elincishisiwe lokulimaza unyawo. Umsila mfushane, ufinyelela ku-40 cm, ubukeka njengebhola loboya.
Umzimba wonke wama-llamas umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu obukhulu obucijile. Kuvikela izilwane emimoyeni enamandla nasesimo sezulu esibandayo esikhona ezindaweni zazo. Umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe kuye konsundu kanye nonsundu. Entanyeni, ekhanda nasemilenzeni, uboya bufushane, kepha umzimba nomsila kumbozwe ngesembozo soboya obukhulu kakhulu. ILlamas nayo inesitayela sezinwele esibukeka njengewigi ephaphathekile.
Uboya be-Alpaca bunenani elikhethekile, buthambile, futhi bukhululeke ngokuphelele ku-sebum. Izinto ezenziwe ngoboya obunjalo zibukeka zisha futhi zibiza kakhulu. Intengo yoboya be-alpaca emakethe iphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwama-llamas.
Ihlala kuphi illama?
Isithombe: Tibetan Lama
Zonke izinhlobo zama-llamas zihlala eNingizimu Melika kuphela, nasengxenyeni yayo enezintaba. Ngokuya ngemininingwane esolwayo yabaphenyi, ekuqaleni ama-llamas ayehlala endaweni eseNyakatho Melika eseMelika, kepha abese ethuthela eningizimu futhi ahlala endaweni enezintaba ephezulu e-Andes.
Izinselo zamaLlam zibanzi futhi zijwayele ukuhamba ematsheni abukhali. Zinesikhumba esijiyile esifana nekholi ematheni abo, esivumela ukuba banyathele ngokuphepha ezindaweni ezicijile. Izinhlobo ezimbili zama-llamas, okuyi-llama uqobo kanye ne-alpaca, sekunesikhathi eside zafuywa futhi zihlala nabantu. Eziduna zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa kwempahla, inyama nesikhumba. Izinsikazi zigcinelwa ukuzalanisa, kepha kuyaqabukela zibulawelwe inyama, ngaphezu kwalokho, azisengwa ngisho.
Zonke izilwane zigundwa kabili ngonyaka, ziqoqa kuze kufike kukhilogremu elilodwa loboya kumuntu ngamunye. Uboya beLlama bubaluleke kakhulu. AmaLlamas nawo agcinwa emagcekeni njengezinja zokubuka. Basabela kwabangaphandle futhi banikeze isibonakaliso, kepha bese bephindela endaweni yabo ephephile. Kepha ngalesi sikhathi, izakhamizi sezivele zazisiwe ngezivakashi ezingamenyiwe.
Izinhlobo zasolama ze-llama uGuanaco nazo zihlala ezinkangala ezikude zasePeru naseChile. Bayazingelwa. Ngakho-ke, inani lazo lincane kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbili. Isibalo esikhulu sama-llamas siseBolivia futhi sibala cishe ama-70% abo bonke abantu.
Yini edliwa ilama?
Isithombe: Lama China
AmaLlamas awadli ngokudla kanti nenani lokudla abakudlayo lincane, okwenza lesi silwane sikulungele ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukulima. Inani elidliwa ngosuku licishe liphindwe kasishiyagalombili kunelamahhashi.
ILlamas idla izimila:
- izihlahlana;
- ubulembu;
- i-evergreen parastephia;
- i-baccharis;
- okusanhlamvu.
Lezi zitshalo ziqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezilandelwayo namaminerali, okwenza kube lula ukugcwalisa ibhalansi ngemuva kokusebenza kanzima. AmaLlamas ahlala ezindaweni ezomile, ngakho-ke athatha lonke uketshezi aludlayo oluhlaza. Kubalulekile ukuthi inani elikhulu lokudla okunamanzi kube khona ekudleni kwabo ukuze bangatholi ukoma.
Phakathi kwezibiliboco zama-llama, indawo ekhethekile ihlala izaqathe, iklabishi, i-broccoli, amawolintshi, ikakhulukazi izikhumba zawo nezinye izilimo zezimpande, nezithelo. AmaLlamas athanda kakhulu ukuphathwa ngesinkwa. Ngokuya ngobudala, indlela yokudla yama-llama ingahluka. Abantu abasha bangathanda ukudla okunamanzi kakhulu, ngoba badinga amanzi amaningi kanye namavithamini ukuze bakhule futhi bakhule ngendlela ejwayelekile. Futhi, okuthandwa ukunambitheka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kushintsha kakhulu, kuncike kakhulu ezintweni ezingekho emzimbeni womuntu ngamunye.
Wonke ama-llamas asekhaya adla njengezinye izinhlobo zemfuyo ezinjengezimvu noma izimbuzi. Ukudla okuyinhloko utshani notshani. Ukudla kwansuku zonke cishe kungu-1.8% wesisindo somuntu. AmaLlamas azivumelanisa kalula nezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zotshani, ifolishi notshani, okwenza kube lula ukuzinakekela ekhaya. Inani lamanzi ahlanzekile asetshenzisiwe nalo lincane, izithandani kuphela - amalitha amathathu ngosuku. Ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu, ama-llamas angadinga amanzi amaningi, kepha lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka ezintabeni.
Isisu se-llamas sinamakamelo amathathu, ngakho-ke ukudla okungena ngaphakathi kugaywa ngokucophelela. Futhi kwandisa amandla okugaya ukudla ngokomthetho, ngakho-ke isilwane singakwazi ukugaya amahlumela nokunye ukudla okungalindelekile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Lama
ILlamas izolile kakhulu, emini iyasebenza futhi iyadla, izulazula ifuna amakhambi amnandi kakhulu. Ebusuku, baphumula eduze kwamatshe, izihlahla noma amadokodo. Ngenxa yokunakekelwa kwabo ngokungathobeki nokuhambisana, ama-llamas athanjiswa ngokushesha futhi kalula futhi asetshenziswa kwezolimo. Yize ubumnene bawo buthule, ama-llamas angakwazi ukugijima impela, ijubane kwesinye isikhathi lifinyelela kuma-50 km / h.
Endle, imihlambi mincane. Imvamisa iba nesilisa esisodwa kuya kweshumi. Umhlambi unesigaba sabaphathi esiqinile. Abesilisa abangaphandle abemukelwa ngokuphelele. Ukuxhumana nezihlobo, i-llamas isebenzisa ulimi lomzimba, oluqukethe ukutshekisa izindlebe, ukuguqula intamo nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zomzimba. Uma kunengozi, zenza imisindo ephansi yokubhonga efana nemisindo yezimbongolo.
ILlamas inamehlo amahle kakhulu, inzwa yokuzwa nokuzwa. Zonke lezi zimfanelo ezintathu ndawonye ziyabasiza ukuba babalekele engozini encane. Bayakubona ukuba khona noma ukusondela kwezitha ezingaba khona noma kude kakhulu. Abelusi bafunde ukusebenzisa leli khono ngokuheha ama-llamas ukuze aqaphe imihlambi yezilwane ezincane, njengezimvu noma izimbuzi.
Ubumnene bama-llamas buhambisana nemizamo yokuqeqesha lezi zilwane. Kukhona imibukiso lapho ama-llamas enza khona imiyalo ethile yabantu, afunde ukwenza amaqhinga athile. Isikhathi sokuphila sama-llamas endle cishe yiminyaka engama-20, ekuthunjweni isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: esinye sezici zalezi zilwane ukuhlanzeka kwazo. Indle yeLlama iqoqwa njalo endaweni eyodwa, kude nezinkundla, izindawo zokudla, izifaki kanye nezindlela, amadlelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi endle, ama-llamas afundile ukufihla indawo yawo ngale ndlela ukuze acashe ezilwaneni eziyingozi kuwo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isilwane seLlama
AmaLlamas yizilwane ezifuywayo, ezigcinwa ngamaqembu amakhulu. Imvamisa lokhu kungowesilisa oyedwa, abesifazane abaningana, kufinyelela kwabayishumi, kanti abasha bayinzalo yonyaka odlule. Abesilisa bavikela umhlambi wabo futhi bavimbe amanye amaduna. Bangena ekulweni nabantu abangabazi, balume, bakhahlele, futhi bangakhafula isitha noma izitha. Kodwa-ke, ama-llamas amukela kalula izimvu nezimbuzi emhlambini wawo futhi aze azinakekele njengezilwane ezincane.
Iduna ngalinye lizama ukwakha umhlambi walo futhi lifuna abesifazane abazolala nabo. Isikhathi sokumataniswa kwama-lamas siqala ngo-Agasti kuya kuNovemba. Abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane bonke emhlambini wakhe. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-11, okuyizinsuku ezingama-350. Lapho-ke insikazi izala izinyane elilodwa, kuyaqabukela kube khona amathole amabili. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, amawundlu angakwazi ukuzihambela futhi aqale ukugijima. Izinsikazi zondla izingane kuze kube izinyanga ezine, bese kuthi inzalo ishintshele ngokuphelele ekudleni izimila.
Ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola i-hybrid ye-llama nekamela elinomsipha owodwa, izilwane ezivelayo zibizwa ngokuthi "kama" noma "camelama". Kodwa ngokwemvelo, ukuzala okunjalo akunakwenzeka, futhi indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zilwane ezimbili ihluke kakhulu. Bahlala ngisho nasemazwenikazi amabili ahlukene.
Izitha zemvelo zamaLlamas
Isithombe: Lama e-Andes
Izitha eziyinhloko zama-llamas yizilwane ezizizingelayo.
Phakathi kwazo:
- Izingwe zeqhwa;
- amasofa;
- izimpisi ezinamadoda.
Yibo abahlanganyela izindawo zokuhlala namaLlamas. Lezi zilwane zizingela ama-llamas, njengoba kuyindlela yazo yokuphila nokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amawundlu e-llama ayingozi kakhulu, ngoba mancane ngosayizi, abuthakathaka ngakho-ke akakwazi ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Uma izinyane lisuka emhlambini, liba isisulu esikhangayo ngokushesha. Kepha imvamisa, ama-llamas amadala aqinisekisa ukuthi amawundlu ahlala eduzane nawo futhi awasaleli emuva.
Esinye isitha esiyingozi sama-lam ngumuntu. Abantu babezingela lezi zilwane ngenkuthalo ngoboya, inyama nezikhumba. Izingubo zoboya zeLlama zibiza kakhulu futhi ziyafudumala, ngaphezu kwalokho, zibhekwa njengezinhle kakhulu. Ziningi ezinye izinto ezikhiqizwa ngoboya be-llama, hhayi ezingutsheni kuphela, kepha nakwizinto zangaphakathi, kanye nakakhaphethi abafudumele.
AmaLlamas anenyama emnandi, kanti abesilisa abanonyaka ubudala babhekwa njengabamnandi kakhulu. Izinsikazi ezifuywayo imvamisa azisetshenziselwa inyama, kepha ezasendle zidliwa ngokungakhethi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Llamas ngokwemvelo
Inani lamanje lama-llamas lingabantu abayizigidi ezi-3, nokuningi impela. Kukholelwa ukuthi akukho lutho olusongela izilwane. Njengoba nazo zizalwa ngabantu uqobo, kungenzeka ukulawula izinga lokuzalwa nokukhula kwenani labantu, uma ukwehla kungazelelwe kuqala ukulandela umkhondo.
Ukuphela kwento ukuthi ngezinhlobo zasendle zama-guanacos, konke kungaba kubi ngokwengeziwe, ngoba lolu hlobo lwe-llama cishe aluzalwa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye bayazingelwa. Inani lalezi zinhlobo lehle kakhulu ngenxa yalokhu. EChile nasePeru, bavikelekile futhi ukudubula kwabo kulawulwa umthetho.
Umuntu wenze izilwane ezifuywayo ze-llamas ukumelana kwazo nezimo zezulu ezinzima, ukoma, ukukhuthazela nokungathobeki ekudleni, kanye nenani elincane lokusetshenziswa kwalo. Isilwane kuvele kube lula kubantu baseNingizimu Melika.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07.03.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/15/2019 ngo-18: 26
