Izinyamazane zaseSiberia Iyinsikazi encane entekenteke. Inamagama amaningi. Okuvame kakhulu empumalanga. Izinyamazane ze-roe zibhekwa njengezikhulu kunazo zonke esigabeni sezinyamazane ezincane kunazo zonke. Imvelo inikeze lesi silwane umusa omangalisayo, ubuhlalu nokuqapha. Imikhuba nendlela yokuphila ifana kakhulu nezimbuzi. Isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu yinyamazane yase-roe yaseYurophu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zaseSiberia
Izinyamazane ze-roe zaseSiberia zingezilwane ezincelisayo ezidla uhlaza. Ungowomndeni wezinyamazane, uhlobo lwenyamazane yenyamazane. Okhokho basendulo bohlobo lweMiocene Mundjaks. Ososayensi baphawula ukuthi e-Upper Miocene naseLower Pliocene, iqembu lezilwane lalihlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia, elalinezici eziningi ezifanayo nezinyamazane zesimanje. Kuze kube muva nje, izinyamazane zaseSiberia zazihlala kuso sonke isimo sezulu esipholile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zezinsikazi zaseSiberia
Ubude bomzimba walo mmeleli womndeni wezinyamazane awudluli imitha elilodwa nohhafu. Ukuphakama komzimba ekubuneni kungamasentimitha angama-80-95. Isisindo somuntu omdala singama-30 - 45 kilograms. Abesilisa bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane, kepha lokhu akubizwa.
Izinyamazane zeRoe zinomlomo omncane, othambile. Ubukhulu begebhezi aludluli ngamasentimitha angama-20-22. Kukhona izimpondo eziphakeme ekhanda, ubude bazo kwezinye izimo bufinyelela uhhafu wemitha. Izimpondo zivame ukubanzi, zisakazeke. Abesilisa kuphela abafaka izimpondo ezinhle ezinde. Abesifazane abanazo nhlobo, noma banezimpondo ezincane, ezingathandeki ngaphandle.
Ividiyo: Izinyamazane ze-roe yaseSiberia
Ijazi ebusika ligcwele umbala obomvu. Ngentwasahlobo nasehlobo, umbala wezinwele ezimpunga uhola phambili, kuyilapho isibuko esimhlophe esisendaweni yomsila siba umbala ofanayo nomzimba wonke. Izikhumba zoboya kabili ngonyaka. Ehlobo, ijazi lincane kakhulu futhi lifushane. Abesifazane nabesifazane banombala ofanayo.
Ekhanda kukhona izindlebe ezinde, eziyindilinga. Izinyamazane zeRoe zihlukaniswa ngamehlo amakhulu amnyama anabafundi abanesikhala esilinganayo. Isilwane sinentamo ende, enomusa ngaphandle komhlwenga. Kwabesilisa, inamandla futhi inesitoko kunabesifazane. Izinyamazane ze-roe zaseSiberia zinemilenze emide, emincane. Izinqe zangaphambili zifishane ngandlela thize kunezindluzelekazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, umgogodla uthambekele kancane phambili. Inomsila omncane oyindilinga ozungezwe yindandatho yoboya obumhlophe obubizwa ngokuthi isibuko.
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, abesilisa bakhulise izindlala eziyimfihlo, ikakhulukazi, izindlala ezi-sebaceous nezomjuluko. Ngosizo lwabo, abesilisa bashiya izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi basendaweni ethile. Izinyamazane zaseSiberia zinezindlebe ezinhle kakhulu nezithuthukile zokuzwa.
Ihlala kuphi inyamazane yaseSiberia?
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zaseSiberia ezibomvu Incwadi Ebomvu
Indawo yokuhlala ibanzi impela.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseSiberia:
- Izifunda ezisenyakatho yeMongolia;
- Indawo yaseNtshonalanga yeChina;
- I-Asia Ephakathi;
- Yakutia;
- ITransbaikalia;
- ESiberia;
- I-Ural.
Okhokho balezi zinhlobo ze-artiodactyls ezinsukwini zakudala bakhetha indawo ye-steppe-steppe ukuba ihlale. Kodwa-ke, ngokwandiswa kwemingcele yendawo eyenziwe ngumuntu, bathuthela emahlathini. Izinyamazane zeRoe zikhetha indawo njengendawo yazo yokuhlala, lapho zingacasha khona kalula futhi zithole ukudla. Uma kungekho zinkinga zokudla okunempilo, kepha kukhona ubunzima ngendawo yokuhlala, isilwane ngeke sihlale lapha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwesimo sokuzivikela.
Izinyamazane ze-Roe ezihlala ezimileni ezivulekile, ezingavikelekile ziyizisulu ezilula zezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Bakhetha izintaba eziphakeme zezintaba, izindawo ezinamadwala, amahlathi aphezulu, ogwini lwamachibi asemaqeleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane ezintekenteke zithanda amadlelo, ubude, notshani obukhulu. Imvamisa ungathola izinyamazane zaseSiberia ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, emahlathini acinene, asendle, endaweni yomhlaba wezolimo. Banekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yokuzivumelanisa nendawo elinyiwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi, lapho uthi nhlá, izilwane ezimnene zibekezelela ngokuphelele amakhaza, amakhaza aqhubekayo.
Izici eziningana eziyinhloko zithinta ukukhethwa kwendawo yokuhlala: ukutholakala komthombo wamandla, indawo yokuhlala nokuphakama kwekhava leqhwa. Ubude obuphezulu obuvumelekile besendlalelo seqhwa ngamamitha angu-0.5. Uma ukuphakama kudlula lolu phawu, ama-artiodactyls abheka enye indawo lapho ikhava yeqhwa incane kakhulu. Esinye isimo esibalulekile ukuthi iqhwa alileli phansi isikhathi esiningi sonyaka.
Zidlani izinyamazane zaseSiberia?
Isithombe: Owesilisa wezinyamazane zaseSiberia
Izinyamazane zaseSiberia ziyizilwane ezidla utshani. Kodwa-ke, akunakushiwo ukuthi badla utshani obulodwa kuphela. Izilwane zingadla amakhowe, amajikijolo, amahlumela amancane, amaqabunga. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, badla ukuqhakaza kwezihlahla. Bakhetha imifino enamanzi namanzi. Bangadla uhlaza olomile, okusanhlamvu ngokuntuleka kokudla.
Ukuze umzimba uthole amaminerali adingekayo, izinyamazane zidla izikhotha zikasawoti, noma zifuna imithombo yamanzi yokunisela, enothiswa ngamaminerali. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokondla izingane, isidingo sokuthola amaminerali sanda kaningi.
Isikhathi esinzima kakhulu sezinyamazane zaseSiberia ukuphela kobusika. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho bezwa khona ukushoda okukhulu kokudla okunothe ngamaminerali, kanye noketshezi. Lapho imizimba yamanzi iqhwa ukugcwalisa isidingo somzimba soketshezi, iqhwa lingadla. Ebusika, ngokungabikho kokudla, bangadla ama-conifers.
Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwe-artiodactyls lunesisu esincane. Ngenxa yalokho, izinyamazane ze-roe zidla kancane. Kodwa-ke, i-metabolism esebenzayo idinga ukudla njalo. Emini, umuntu omdala oyedwa unokudla okungenani okungu-7-10. Isabelo sokudla sansuku zonke somuntu oyedwa sinqunywa isisindo somzimba waso futhi silinganiselwa ku-2-2.5 kilograms wohlaza oluhlaza. Ngenkathi ebandayo, inani lansuku zonke lokudla liyancipha, njengokuqukethwe kwalo kwekhalori.
Ezimweni zokushoda kokudla, umncintiswano onamandla uyakhula phakathi kwamanye ama-ungulates nezinyamazane zaseSiberia. Ebusika, lapho kungekho mthombo wokudla, izinyamazane ze-roe zimba iqhwa ngezinselo zazo, zikhiphe uhlaza olomile. Ziyakwazi ukuthola ukudla kwazo ngaphansi kwezendlalelo zeqhwa, ubukhulu bazo obufinyelela uhhafu wemitha.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zaseSiberia
Kulezi zilwane, kubonakala ukuzilibazisa kwansuku zonke okujikelezayo. Izikhathi zabo zokudla nokuhamba ziyashintshana ngokuhlafuna ukudla nokuphumula, ukulala. Izilwane ezisebenza kakhulu nezizihambelayo zisekuseni kakhulu. Izilwane zichitha isikhathi esiningi embhedeni. Obuningi bangamapulatifomu abasusa iqhwa nezimila ezomile ngezinselo zabo. Imvamisa izinyamazane zaseSiberia zikhetha izindawo zokubeka emaphethelweni amadlelo, noma ehlathini.
Ngokwemvelo, izinyamazane zaseSiberia akuzona izilwane ezizodwa. Bahlangana ngamaqembu amancane abantu abayi-7-12. Leli qembu liqukethe owesilisa, izinsikazi eziningana nezilwane ezincane. Ngenkathi ebandayo, amaqembu amancane angenza umhlambi wamakhanda angaba yishumi nambili. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, baphinde bahlukane futhi.
Umsebenzi wansuku zonke uncike ezicini eziningana: isikhathi sonyaka, inani labantu abasemhlambini, ubunzima bengcindezi ye-anthropogenic. Ebusika, umsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu ubonwa ekuseni kakhulu, ehlobo - ebusuku nakusihlwa. Ngokucindezelwa okubizwa nge-anthropogenic, umsebenzi omkhulu wabantu ngamunye wenzeka futhi ebusuku.
Izinyamazane zaseSiberia ziboshelwe endaweni ethile. Njengoba sebazi kahle insimu ethile, bathambekele ekubuyeni lapho kaninginingi. Eziduna zimboza indawo ethile, ephawulwa ngokuzihlikihla ngamabunzi nangentamo yazo ezihlahleni. Bangakwazi futhi ukumba phansi ngezinselo zabo, bashiye imfihlo kuyo phakathi kwezindlala zedijithali. Indoda eyodwa endala ihlanganisa indawo engamahektha angama-20 kuye kwangama-150. Njengomthetho, izinto zabesilisa azidluli. Ukuhlelwa kweziza ngaphezulu komunye nomunye kungenzeka kuphela ngobuningi obukhulu.
Akujwayelekile ukuthi abesilisa bangene kwezinye izindawo. Ngokuqala kwenkathi ngayinye entsha, abesilisa abadala babuyisa ilungelo labo lobunikazi bensimu.
Izinyamazane zaseSiberia zithathwa njengezilwane ezinokuthula, ezingezona izingxabano. Ngisho naphakathi kwabesilisa, izingxabano ziyaqabukela zivele. Lapho kuvela isimo esiphikisanayo, bathambekele ekuboniseni amandla phambi komphikisi. Izinyamazane zeRoe zenza imisindo eminingi ehlukene.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zemisindo yezinyamazane zaseSiberia:
- Ukushaya ikhwela. Kujwayelekile lapho owesifazane exhumana namazinyane akhe. Uyisibonakaliso sokukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka.
- I-Hissing, ihogela. Iveza ulaka, ukucasuka.
- Ekhonkotha. Abantu abaphazamisekile nabethukile bangashicilela.
- Ukububula. Ikhipha isilwane esibhajwe.
- Ukugxuma okunomsindo, ukushaya kwezinselo. Kuyisibonakaliso sesici somuzwa wobungozi, ukwesaba.
Ekuxhumaneni kwabantu ngabanye, ulimi okungelona lokukhuluma lokuma ludlala indima ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke, banikezana ama-alamu, izingcingo zokubaleka, njll. Izinyamazane zeRoe zivame ukugijima ngokushesha futhi zeqe ziye phezulu. Ngomzamo wokubalekela ukujaha, inyamazane yaseSiberia yeqa ngaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu ukuphakama.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ingulube yenyamazane yaseSiberia
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwezilwane siqala maphakathi noJulayi futhi sithatha inyanga nohhafu kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili. Abesilisa bafuna njalo abesifazane, cishe abadli lutho phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Abesifazane abafinyelele eminyakeni emibili babhekwa njengabantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi. Uma kunabafakizicelo abaningana belungelo lokungena emshadweni nabesifazane, abesilisa bangalwa bodwa.
Kukhona nokubonakaliswa kobudlova kwabesilisa kwabesifazane. Ngenkathi eyodwa yokukhwelana, owesilisa uyakwazi ukuvundisa abesifazane abangafika kwabangu-5-7. Izinyamazane zeRoe zobulili besifazane nazo azihlukile ekwakheni izibopho ezisunguliwe. Yize kwesinye isikhathi bekwazi ukukhwelana iminyaka eminingana ilandelana nabesilisa abathanda kakhulu.
Ukukhulelwa okufihlekile kuyabonakala kuma-artiodactyls aseSiberia. Okusho ukuthi, umbungu owakhiwe umisa ukukhula nokuthuthuka izinyanga ezifika kwezingu-3-4. Uma ukukhwelana kwenzeka ekwindla, asikho isikhathi sokubambezeleka sokukhulelwa. Ngokuqala kokukhula kombungu, owesifazane uba nenembile futhi aqaphele. Ukugxuma okubukhali, okuyingozi, ukugijima okusheshayo akujwayelekile kuye. Isikhathi sokumitha sisengwa kusukela ezinsukwini ezingama-250 kuya kwezingama-320. Kuzalwa ingane eyodwa kuya kwezintathu.
Amawundlu ezinyamazane zeRoe asengozini kakhulu futhi awanakusizwa. Insikazi ibafihla ezindaweni ezicashile zokucasha izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Amabala angemuva asiza ukufihla emahlathini ezimila. Umama akakude kakhulu, nokho, ukhetha ukungondli nokuphumula nezingane, ukuze angadonseli ukunakwa kubo. Insikazi ihlala ixhumana nenzalo kuze kuvele isizukulwane esisha.
Izinyamazane zaseSiberia zivundile kakhulu. Ngokuqala kwenkathi ngayinye entsha, ngaphezulu kwezingu-96% zabesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili bezinhlobo ezizala izingane. Ngaphandle kokuzala okuphezulu, ukukhula kwemvelo akukhuli ngokushesha. Phakathi kwalolu hlobo lwama-ungulates, kunesilinganiso esiphansi sokusinda kwamazinyane.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyamazane zaseSiberia
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zaseSiberia
Izitha zemvelo zezinyamazane zaseSiberia yizilwane ezidlayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amabhere, ama-lynx, izimpisi, amahlosi. Izimpungushe nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla ezinye ziyingozi ezinganeni ezisencane futhi ezingenakuzisiza.
Ukukhula okuncane nombala wezinwele ompunga onsundu kuyakuvumela ukuthi kuncibilike ngemuva kwesihlahla, amahlamvu nohlaza obude. Imilenze emide ikuvumela ukuba ugijime ngokushesha futhi unqobe izithiyo eziphakeme. Okwamanje ukulandela, inyamazane endala inyusa isivinini esifika ku-50 km / h. Kuleli jubane, abakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Kodwa-ke, amandla okwenza ama-jerks anjalo agxume afike kumamitha ayi-4-7 ukuphakama kukuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukujaha.
Umuntu ungesinye isitha esiyingozi sezinyamazane zaseSiberia. Kungenxa yokuthi umuntu ubhubhisa ngenkuthalo indawo yemvelo yalezi zilwane ezibuthakathaka, kanye nokuzingela nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukuthi zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Izinyamazane zaseSiberia ziyindebe eyintandokazi yabazingeli nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Izimpondo ezinkulu, ezisindayo, izikhumba nenyama yethenda zihlala zifunwa futhi zithandwa kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zezinsikazi zaseSiberia
Kukhona ezinye izifunda lapho kubhalwe khona kwiRed Book. Ensimini yeRussian Federation, izinyamazane zaseSiberia zibalwa kuRed Book yesifunda saseTomsk naseKrasnoyarsk Territory. Banikezwe isimo senani elinciphayo.
Ngokuvamile, namuhla izinhlobo azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ngenxa yokuzalaniswa kwabantu abaningi, kunabantu abangaba yizigidi eziyi-10-13 enkabeni yeYurophu. Yize eminyakeni engamashumi amabili noma amabili nengxenye edlule, inani labo lalingaphansi kokuphindwe kabili.
Ukuzala okuphezulu kuvumela ukutakula okusheshayo kwabantu. Kwezinye izifunda kuvunyelwe ngisho nokuzingela izinyamazane zaseSiberia ngemuva kokuthenga ilayisense. Emazweni ase-Asia Ephakathi, inyama yenyamazane ye-roe ibhekwa njengesibiliboco esikhulu ngenxa yenani laso lokudla okunempilo.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinyamazane zaseSiberia
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zaseSiberia ezibomvu Incwadi Ebomvu
Ukuze kuvikelwe isilwane, ukuzizingela akuvunyelwe ezifundeni lapho inani lezinhlobo lincipha kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-UK ize ibeke icala ebucayini uma isilwane silimele kuso. Ensimini yeRussian Federation, kuthathwa nezinyathelo zokunqanda ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nokuzingela okungagunyaziwe. Uma imithetho yephulwa, umhlaseli uzohlawuliswa. Usayizi wayo uncike esikalini somonakalo odalekile.
Izinyamazane zaseSiberia - isilwane esihle kakhulu futhi esintekenteke. Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha ngokwemvelo kuyathakazelisa. Umuntu ufuna ukudala izimo ezikahle kakhulu zokwandisa uhla lwalezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezingabonakali.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 27.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.11.2019 ngo-22: 33
