Kwabaningi, isilwane esithakazelisa njenge chinchilla - akuyona into engavamile, sekuyisikhathi eside iba yisilwane esivamile. Lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba la magundane amahle anobuhle akhanga kakhulu futhi mahle. Kepha ama-chinchillas ahlala endle akulula ukuhlangana nawo, ngoba zimbalwa kakhulu zalezi zilwane ezisele, futhi zihlala ezwenikazi elilodwa laseNingizimu Melika.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Chinchilla
Akukaziwa namanje ukuthi ngubani ukhokho wale chinchilla. Benza imivubukulo eCordillera, ososayensi bakhiphe izinsalela zangaphambi komlando emathunjini omhlaba, okuthi ngesakhiwo sawo afane kakhulu hhayi ne-chinchillas, ubukhulu obukhulu kuphela. Lesi silwane, ngokusho kochwepheshe, sasiphila eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane edlule, ngakho-ke uhlobo lwe-chinchillas ludala kakhulu. Ama-Inca abonisa ama-chinchillas emadwaleni emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, lo mdwebo usekhona kuze kube namuhla.
Ama-Inca enza izinto ezahlukahlukene zokugqoka ngezikhumba ezithambile zama-chinchillas, kepha phakathi kwamaNdiya bakude kakhulu nabokuqala ababethanda kakhulu uboya bezintaka. Abokuqala ukugqoka izingubo ezenziwe ngezikhumba ze-chinchilla kwakungamaNdiya aseChincha. Kukholakala ukuthi i-chinchilla ithole igama layo kubo, ngoba igama elithi "chinchilla" uqobo lalo liyahambisana negama lesizwe samaNdiya.
Ividiyo: Chinchilla
Kuma-Inca, inani loboya be-chinchilla laliphezulu kakhulu, babegcina ukulawula okuqhubekayo phezu kwesisulu sabo ukuze bangalimazi izilwane. Kodwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15, isimo sase singalawuleki. abaseSpain abafike ezwekazini baqala ukuzingela ngonya amagundane angenakuzisiza, okwaholela ekwehleni ngokushesha kwamanani abo. Iziphathimandla zamazwe aseNingizimu Melika anjengeChile, iBolivia ne-Argentina zikuvimbile ukudutshulwa kwezilwane nokuthunyelwa kwazo kwamanye amazwe, sethule izinhlawulo ezinzima zokuzingela ngokungemthetho.
UChinchilla uyigundane elisuka emndenini we-chinchilla onegama elifanayo.
Lezi zilwane zinezinhlobo ezimbili:
- ama-chinchillas amafushane (asogwini);
- ama-chinchillas makhulu, anomsila omude (intaba).
Ama-chinchillas asezintabeni ahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme (ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ama-2), uboya bawo buyaqina. Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa ngamakhala nge-hump, ehlelelwe ukuhogela umoya obandayo wasentabeni. Izinhlobo zasogwini lwe-chinchillas zincane kakhulu, kepha umsila nezindlebe zinde kakhulu kunalezo zezintaba ze-chinchillas. Kukholakala ngokusemthethweni ukuthi uhlobo lwe-chinchilla olunemisila emifushane lunyamalale ngokuphelele, yize abantu bendawo bethi sebeke bazibona ezifundeni ezikude zezintaba zase-Argentina naseChile.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ipulazi lokuqala le-chinchilla lahlelwa ngu-American Matthias Chapman, owaletha izilwane e-USA. Waqala ukuzala ngokuphepha ama-chinchillas ukuze athengise uboya bawo obuyigugu, abaningi base belandela ezinyathelweni zakhe, behlela amapulazi abo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: chinchilla enomsila omude
Ama-chinchillas anomsila omude mancane kakhulu, imizimba yawo ayikhuli ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-38 ubude. Umsila ubude bawo buhluka kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-18 cm. Izindlebe ezinde eziyindilinga zifinyelela ku-6 cm ukuphakama. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba, ikhanda lilikhulu, isifonyo siyindilinga ngamehlo amnyama amakhulu amnyama, abafundi bawo abheke phezulu. Amadevu (vibrissae) wesilwane made, afinyelela ku-10 cm, ayadingeka ukuqondiswa ebumnyameni. Isisindo samagundane amadala singaphansi kwekhilogremu (700 - 800 g), owesifazane mkhulu kunowesilisa.
Ijazi lezilwane limnandi, liyathambile, lithambile, ngaphandle komsila, ogcwele izinwele zoboya. Umbala woboya uvame ukuba mpunga-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (umlotha), isisu sinobisi olukhanyayo. Eminye imibala ingatholakala, kepha ayivamile.
I-chinchilla inamazinyo angama-20 kuphela, ayi-16 kuwo angowomdabu (aqhubeka nokukhula impilo yonke). Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amagundane amaningi, ama-chinchillas angabizwa ngeminyaka eyikhulu; lezi zilwane ezinhle ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-19. Izidladla ze-chinchilla zincane, isilwane sineminwe emi-5 emilenzeni yangaphambili, nemine emilenzeni yangemuva, kepha mide kakhulu. Zisunduza ngemilenze yazo yangemuva, ama-chinchillas enza ukweqa okude okuyindida. Ukuxhumana kwesilwane kungafikelwa umona, kube ne-cerebellum ethuthuke kakhulu, i-chinchilla ngobuciko inqoba ama-massifs amatshe.
Isici esithakazelisayo se-rodent ngamathambo aso, akwazi ukuguqula ukwakheka kwawo (ukuncipha) uma isimo sidinga lokho. Ngokusongela okuncane, i-chinchilla izongena kalula emgodini omncane. Futhi, esinye sezici ezihlukile ukuthi isilwane asinazo izindlala zomjuluko, ngakho-ke asikhiphi iphunga ngokuphelele.
Uhlala kuphi u-chinchilla?
Isithombe: Animal chinchilla
Njengoba sekushiwo, izwekazi elilodwa kuphela lapho ama-chinchillas anendawo yokuhlala unomphela endle yiNingizimu Melika, noma kunalokho, izintaba zase-Andes naseCordilleras. Izilwane zahlala kusuka e-Argentina kuya eVenezuela. Izintaba zase-Andes ziyisici se-chinchillas, lapho zikhuphukela khona ku-3 km ukuphakama.
Ama-pussies amancane ahlala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, zaseSpartan, lapho kuvunguza imimoya ebandayo cishe unyaka wonke, ehlobo emini izinga lokushisa alidluli ama-degree angama-23 ngesibonakaliso sokuhlanganisa, kanti amakhaza asebusika ehlela ku -35. Imvula kule ndawo ayivamile, ngakho-ke ama-chinchillas agwema izinqubo zamanzi, aphikisana nazo ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokumanzi, lesi silwane sizophola size sifike emathanjeni. Amagundane akhetha ukuhlanza ijazi lawo ngokugeza esihlabathini.
Imvamisa, i-chinchilla ihlomisa umhume wayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemihume emincane, imifantu enamadwala, phakathi kwamatshe. Kwesinye isikhathi bemba imigodi ukuze bacashe kubantu abahlukumezayo abahlukahlukene. Kaningi ama-chinchillas ahlala emigodini elahliwe yezinye izilwane. Endle, kungenzeka wena uqobo uhlangane ne-chinchilla kuphela eChile. Kwamanye amazwe, mancane kakhulu awo kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukubona amagundane. Futhi eChile, abantu babo basengozini.
Yini edliwa yi-chinchilla?
Isithombe: Animal chinchilla
I-Chinchilla incamela ukudla kwezitshalo, ezintabeni ze-Andes kuncane kakhulu futhi kuyisidina.
Imenyu enkulu yamagundane ifaka phakathi:
- amakhambi;
- ukukhula kwe-shrub encane;
- izitshalo ze-cactus (ama-succulents);
- ubulembu nobulembu.
Izilwane zithola umswakama kanye namazolo nezitshalo ze-cactus, ezinamanzi kakhulu futhi ziyinyama. Ama-chinchillas angadla amagxolo, ama-rhizomes ezitshalo, amajikijolo awo, anganqikazi nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ekhaya, imenyu ye-chinchilla ihluka kakhulu futhi iyinambitha. Ezitolo zezilwane, abantu bathenga izifunzo ezikhethekile zokusanhlamvu. Izilwane azithandi ukudla utshani obusha kuphela, kodwa nezithelo ezahlukahlukene, amajikijolo, imifino. Ama-chinchillas ngeke enqabe kuqweqwe lwesinkwa, izithelo ezomisiwe namantongomane. Amagundane adla utshani ngobuningi. Ukudla kwama-chinchillas kufana kakhulu nokudla kwezingulube noma izingulube ze-Guinea.
Ezimweni zemvelo, ama-chinchillas awanazo izinkinga ezikhethekile ngamathumbu nesisu. Yize bedla izitshalo eziningi eziluhlaza, ezinye ziqukethe ama-tannins amaningi asiza ukudla ukuthi kugaywe ngokujwayelekile. Ososayensi baqaphele ukuthi amagundane e-chinchilla ahlala ezintabeni eziseduze nama-chinchillas, enza amaphenti anokudla emigodini yawo. AmaChinchillas abuye asebenzise lezi zinqolobane njalo, adle ukudla komakhelwane abahlakaniphile nabomnotho.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Big chinchilla
Akukho okuningi okwaziwayo ngemvelo nempilo yama-chinchillas ezimweni zemvelo. Ngokusobala ngoba kunzima ukuhlangana ngenxa yenani labo elincane. Kuningi okubhekwayo ezilwaneni ezithanjisiwe ezihlala ekhaya. Ama-chinchillas angamagundane ahlanganayo, ahlala emihlambini, lapho kukhona khona okungenani amabhangqa amahlanu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi okuningi kakhulu. Le mpilo yeqembu ibasiza kangcono ukubhekana nezingozi nezitha ezahlukahlukene. Kukhona njalo umuntu emhlambini obuka imvelo ngenkathi abanye bondla. Ngokusongela okuncane, lesi silwane sikhomba ezinye ngengozi, senze umsindo ongajwayelekile wokushaya ikhwela.
Amagundane asebenza kakhulu kusihlwa, lapho ephuma ezindaweni zawo zokucasha ukuze ahlole izindawo efuna ukudla. Emini, izilwane cishe azikaze zishiye izimbobo zazo nemifantu yazo, ziphumula kuzo kuze kuhlwe. Amehlo ama-chinchillas aguqulelwa ebumnyameni futhi ayabona, ebusuku nasemini, kulungile. Amadevu abo amade futhi abucayi kakhulu abasiza ukuba bahambe emkhathini, okuthi, njengamatilosi, babaqondise endaweni efanele, lapho kukhona khona ukudla. Ungakhohlwa ngezindlebe ezinkulu, okuthi, njengabantu bendawo, bathathe noma yimiphi imisindo esolisayo. Izinsimbi ze-vestibular zezilwane nazo zithuthukiswe kahle, ngakho-ke zinqoba kalula noma yiziphi iziqongo zezintaba nezithiyo, ezihamba ngokushesha nangokuxokozela.
Okuthakazelisayo nokungajwayelekile iqiniso lokuthi inhloko yomndeni wakwa-chinchilla ihlala ingowesifazane, ingumholi ongenakuphikiswa, akulona ize imvelo emnikeze ubukhulu obukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa.
Izilwane cishe aziboni imvula, ezifundeni lapho zihlala khona, imvula enjalo ayivamile. Ama-chinchillas ageza futhi ahlanze uboya bawo ngesihlabathi sentaba-mlilo, ngakho-ke amagundane asusa iphunga nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-parasites ahlala eboyeni. Isici esingajwayelekile se-chinchilla yikhono lokudubula uboya bayo, njengesibankwa esinomsila waso. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuyabasiza kwezinye izimo ukuthi babalekele izidalwa. Isilo esidlayo sibamba uboya be-chinchilla, bese ucezu luhlala emazinyweni alo, kuyilapho igundane liphunyuka.
Uma sikhuluma ngemvelo yalezi zidalwa ezinhle, kungaphawulwa ukuthi ama-chinchillas afuywayo anothando futhi anomqondo omuhle, axhumana kalula nabantu. Isilwane sihlakaniphe kakhulu, kulula ukusiqeqeshela ithreyi. Noma kunjalo, uyabona ukuthi ama-chinchillas anesimo sokuthanda inkululeko nokuzimela, akumele uphoqe isilwane ukuthi senze noma yini, kungenzeka ukuthi icasulwe futhi ingakhulumisani. Izinduku ziluma kakhulu, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Yiqiniso, isilwane ngasinye singabantu ngabanye, sinezici zayo nemikhuba, ngakho-ke izinhlamvu nazo ziyahlukahluka.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Chinchilla ngokwemvelo
Ngakho-ke, kwakushiwo ngaphambili ukuthi ama-chinchillas yizilwane zomphakathi ezikhetha ukuhlala ngokuhlanganyela, lapho zakha khona ngazimbili zazo. Lawa magundane angabodwa, izinyunyana zawo ziqinile futhi zihlala isikhathi eside. Isikhundla esiphikisayo sokuhola emndenini sithathwa ngabesifazane. Owesifazane ukulungele ukuqhubeka nohlobo lomzimba eneminyaka eyisithupha, kuthi abesilisa bavuthwe isikhathi eside, kuphela ezinyangeni eziyi-9 bavuthwa ngokocansi. I-chinchilla izala izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka (2 - 3).
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinyanga ezintathu nohhafu. Owesifazane okhulelwe uzuza kakhulu isisindo, futhi ngokusondela kokubeletha, ngokuvamile akusebenzi. Imvamisa kuzalwa ingane eyodwa noma ezimbili kuphela, kuyaqabukela - zibe zintathu. Sezivele sezakhiwe, ngokufana nabazali bazo, izidalwa ezincane ziyazalwa. Kusukela ekuzalweni, amawundlu asevele enengubo yoboya entofontofo, amazinyo abukhali namehlo abukhali, anelukuluku, akwazi ngisho nokunyakaza.
Izingane zinesisindo esivela ku-30 kuye ku-70 g, kuya ngokuthi zingaki ezizalwe. Ngemuva kwesonto elilodwa nje kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, izingane ziqala ukuzama ukudla ukudla, kepha ziyaqhubeka nokuthola ubisi lwebele kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala. Omama baseChinchilla banakekela kakhulu futhi bayazithanda izingane zabo. La magundane athathwa njengezinto eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izihlobo zawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwabesifazane abasebasha, ukuzala kunamaphesenti angama-20 aphansi kunabantu abanolwazi. Ngonyaka, i-chinchilla eyodwa imvamisa ingazala kuze kufike kumawundlu amathathu.
Izitha zemvelo zama-chinchillas
Isithombe: Owesifazane waseChinchilla
Ama-Chinchillas anezitha ezanele endle, ngoba zonke izidalwa ezinkulu azikunaki ukudla isilwane esincane kangako. Njengabahlakaniphi abayisisekelo, ososayensi bakhetha impungushe. Lesi sidalwa sikhulu kakhulu kune-chinchilla futhi sinesineke kakhulu. Impungushe ayikwazi ukukhipha i-chinchilla emgodini omncane noma i-mink, kepha ingalinda ngokungakhathali inyamazane yayo emnyango wendlu yayo yokukhosela amahora. Endle, la magundane agcinwa umbala wawo wokuzifihla, isivinini sokuphendula okuhle, ijubane lokuhamba namathambo abo anciphayo, lapho amagundane azongena khona kunoma yiliphi igebe elincane lapho izidumbu zingenakudlula khona.
Ngaphezu kwempungushe, isitha se-chinchilla singaba isikhova, isikhova, i-taira, isikhova, i-gyurza. UTyra uyisitha esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, ufana ne-weasel. Lesi silwane, esinomzimba odidekile, singangena ngqo emgodini noma kwenye indawo yokukhosela ye-chinchilla, simangele isisulu. Izilwane ezinamaphiko zingabamba ama-chinchillas ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezingavikelekile.
AmaChinchillas anabahlaseli abaningi, kepha abangenasihe kakhulu kubo ngumuntu oqhubeka nokuzingela, ecekela phansi izilwane ezinhle ngenxa yejazi elibalulekile loboya.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, ukuwohloka kwesimo semvelo, nakho okuhambisana nemisebenzi yabantu, kuthinta kabi izilwane.
Lapha ungashayela:
- ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi ngamakhemikhali amakhemikhali;
- ukuncipha kwenhlabathi nefolishi maqondana nemfuyo edlisayo;
- ukuphazamiseka emkhathini ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa.
Abantu, kwesinye isikhathi, bacabanga kuphela ngenzuzo yabo nenhlala-kahle yabo, bakhohlwe ngokuphelele ngabafowethu abancane, abadinga, uma kungenjalo ukwesekwa, okungenani ukungaphazanyiswa komuntu empilweni yabo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Chinchilla
Noma kuzwakala kuthusa kanjani, inani lama-chinchillas asendle lisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Kunobufakazi obudumazayo bokuthi inani lezilwane lehle ngamaphesenti angama-90 kule minyaka eyi-15 edlule. Ku-2018, ososayensi babalwa kuphela ngamakholoni angama-42 ahlala ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika. Bakholelwa ukuthi isibalo esiningi kangaka sezilwane ngeke sanele ukuthi inani labantu labo liqale ukwanda ngokuzayo.
Uma wazi ukuthi ingubo yengubo ye-chinchilla ibiza malini, futhi lokhu kungaphezu kwama- $ 20,000, kuzocaca ukuthi kungani lesi silwane saqothulwa ngonya. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi ubheke isikhathi lapho okungenani izikhumba eziyi-100 zizodingeka khona engutsheni eyodwa yoboya.
Abantu baseYurophu baqala ukuhweba ngezikhumba ze-chinchilla emuva ngekhulu le-19. Iqiniso lokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezikhumba ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyisikhombisa ezivela endaweni yaseChile phakathi kuka-1828 no-1916 liyesabisa, futhi sezizonke izilwane eziyizigidi ezingama-21 zasuswa zacekelwa phansi. Kuyesabisa ukucabanga ngobuningi obukhulu kangaka! Uhulumeni wathatha izinyathelo kuphela ngo-1898, lapho kwethulwa ukuvinjelwa kokuzingela nokuthekelisa, kepha, ngokusobala, kwase kwephuze kakhulu.
Ukuvikelwa kweChinchilla
Isithombe: IChinchilla Red Book
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana ne-chinchilla ezimweni zasendle zemvelo kuphela eChile, ngeshwa, inani labo liyaqhubeka nokwehla. Ososayensi banabantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyishumi kuphela abahlala endaweni yemvelo. Kusukela ngo-2008, lesi silwane sisohlwini lwe-International Red Book njengesilwane esisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Izazi zezilwane sezizame kaninginingi ukuthuthela abantu ezimweni zokuphila ezinethezeke kakhudlwana, kodwa zonke aziphumelelanga, futhi akukho ndawo enye endle lapho i-chinchilla yagxila khona endle. Inani lezilwane liyaqhubeka ukwehla ngenxa yokushoda kokudla, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngabantu, nokuzingelwa okungapheli.
Kuyesabeka ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi inani labantu be-chinchilla lehlile lisuka emashumini amabili ezigidi laya ezinkulungwaneni eziningana, futhi thina - abantu banecala! Ukufingqa, kufanelekile ukungeza ukuthi ama-chinchillas ayathandeka kakhulu, amnandi, anemvelo enhle futhi mahle. Ukubabheka, akunakwenzeka ukungamomotheka. Ukuhlala ekhaya, bangaba abangane beqiniso abathembekile nabanothando kubanikazi babo, babalethele imizwelo eminingi emihle nejabulisayo. Kungani abantu futhi bengabi abangane abathembekile nabathembekile be-chinchilla abahlala ezimeni ezinzima, zasendle, nezemvelo?
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 19.02.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/16/2019 ngo-0: 06
