Umlingiswa ongavamile walesi silwane uyamangaza ekuqineni kwaso, unqumayo futhi uhlakaniphile, unobuqili futhi unobungane, uyingozi futhi unobuqili. Lesi yisilwane senhlalo - umndeni uyigugu eliyinhloko kuye. Kuzokhulunywa ngomzingeli ohlala emazweni ase-Afrika, futhi owaziyo ukuthi angaphila kanjani, yize kunezimo zasendle zendawo yokuhlala. it inja yempisi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Inja yezimpisi
Bangabomndeni we-canine, uhlobo lwezinja ze-hyena. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila endle simaphakathi neminyaka eyi-8-10, kepha ekuthunjweni bangaphila isikhathi eside nangaphezulu. Inja emise okwempisi, noma ngenye indlela ibizwa nangokuthi "impisi ye-motley", ngenxa yemibala yayo engajwayelekile, ingummeleli wesibili ngobukhulu bezilwane zasendle ezilandela izimpisi. Uhlobo lwe-monotypic. Isihlobo esiseduze nesizelwe kuphela yimpisi ebomvu.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi eziningana zale nja eyi-fisi emhlabeni:
- izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke, izinhlobo ezingaphansi kweSahelian, iChad;
- ama-subspecies "ahlukahlukene" avela eMozambique;
- izinhlobo ezincane ezivela eNtshonalanga Afrika - eTogo;
- izwekazi elisentshonalanga - subspecies;
- impisi yasogwini ogwini lwaseMozambique.
Ekhulwini lethu leminyaka, kuphela ama-subspecies amabili okugcina asindile. Sizokutshela okuningi ngazo ngezansi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inja yezimpisi
Abamele lo mndeni bancane ngosayizi, bancane kunezimpisi. Futhi zifana nezinja ezifuywayo nezimpisi. Isilwane esidla inyama nesinomlomo omfishane wombala omnyama. Banomhlathi onamandla. Lolu hlobo lunama-molars amakhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo kulo mndeni, njengoba zisiza ekuquqeni amathambo anamandla.
Izindlebe ezinkulu eziyisiyingi zokupholisa nokuthatha ngokusobala amasiginali alalelwayo. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, amalungu epakethe ngokuvamile awabonani. Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa kokuxhumana kwe-acoustic ngosizo lwemisindo "huu", engazwakala ebangeni elifinyelela ku-2 km, badinga nje.
Ividiyo: Inja Yezimpisi
Imilenze emide eqinile enezinzwane ezine. Ngenxa yesici sokwakheka, uzwane lwesihlanu ku-paw yangaphambili lilahlekile. Umbala onamabala uhlanganisa okumnyama, okumhlophe nokuphuzi. Izinwele esikhunjeni zigudlile futhi ziyingcosana, njengokungathi zihlala ekuchithekeni njalo. Kepha ngenxa yombala we-variegated engubeni yawo, iyakwazi ukuzingela izilwane. Ukubamba phansi isisulu, okubonakala kungajahi eyodwa, kepha izinja eziningana. Futhi, ukufaka imibala kusiza ekubonaneni emhlambini.
Kubonakala ngathi ziyafana zonke, kepha kubo "amabala" ayizimpawu ezihlukile. Umzimba unamandla. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, iphakethe lezinja kufanele lihlanganise amabanga amade. Ubude bomzimba cishe buyimitha elilodwa, isisindo siyahluka (kusuka ku-16 kuye ku-38 kg), lapho kubuna - kusuka ku-80-146 cm. Abesilisa bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane.
Ihlala kuphi inja yempisi?
Isithombe: Izinja ze-African Hyena
Umndeni we-canid uhlala ezindaweni ezisuka e-Afrika ziye emahlathini ezintabeni.
Futhi nasezindaweni ezinjenge:
- Afrika;
- IBotswana;
- ETanzania;
- EMozambique;
- ENamibia;
- Swaziland;
- Okudlulayo;
- IZimbabwe.
Ngaphambilini, indawo yokuhlala yayinemingcele ebanzi, kepha inani lalezi zilwane lehlile namuhla. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezingathintwanga ngabantu noma lapho insimu ivikelwe khona nguhulumeni - emapaki kazwelonke-eziqiwini.
Ububanzi buphazamiseke kakhulu, ngakho-ke banokuhlukahluka okuncane kakhulu kofuzo. Indawo yeHabitat icishe ibe yi-2 km2. Abamele zasendle bezindawo zase-Afrika abazishiyi izindawo zabo zokuzalwa, ngakho-ke ngeke uzithole eYurophu noma eRussia.
Idlani inja yempisi?
Isithombe: Inja yezilwane
Umzingeli uzondla ngezilwane zazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla imfuyo. Lezi kungaba onogwaja, inyathi, izinsephe, izinhlwathi, izintshe nezinye. Bangabazingeli bezinhlwathi abashesha ngokulingene. Abazali badlulisa ikhono lokuzingela izilwane ezinganeni kusuka ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. ENingizimu Afrika, ama-antelopes akha ama-90% wokudla kwezinja ze-hyena, ama-10% asele avela kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Kwenzeka ukuthi eminye imihlambi izingele inyamazane, eminye imihlambi engayinaki. Abalokothi badle isidumbu.
ESerengeti, imihlambi eminingana yezinja zempisi zazingela amadube kuphela, nasenyakatho yeBotswana, izingulube nezintshe.
Bangabagijimi bemvelo, bayashesha, beshesha futhi bahlala bezingela ngokohlelo, ngakho-ke i-90% yesikhathi ephuma ngalo iphumelele. Umhlambi ubuthanela i- "safari" njalo ekuseni kakhulu. Uma umzamo wokuzingela ungaphumeleli - mhlawumbe kusihlwa. Emini, ilanga liyashisa kakhulu, ngalesi sikhathi bacasha ngemisebe yelanga eshisayo. Impango ingatholakala noma kuphi. Lapho zizingela, ziphakamisa imisila yazo emhlophe ukuze zibonane.
Lapho inyamazane ibanjiwe, kuqala abazingeli bazikhuluphele. Abalokothi batatazelane ngesikhathi sokudla, abalwi noma bahlukaniselane ukudla bodwa. Konke kuhamba ngokuthula nangokungenangozi. Lokhu ngumehluko omkhulu kwabanye abameleli bezilwane.
Zigwinya inyama eningi ngangokunokwenzeka, bese kuphela lapho zondla izingane zazo kanye "namanesi". Futhi inqubo yokondla ihamba kanjena: baphindisela inyama esivele isetshenzisiwe ezinganeni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izingane esezivele zavela emigodini yazo ngenyanga zingadla ukudla okunjalo futhi, nobisi lukamama.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inja ye-Hyena Red Book
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zalezi zilwane ukuhlala kwazo ngokuthula. Abanazimpi phakathi kwabo zobuholi ephaketheni. Kunalokho, ngokuphambene nalokho, bayasizana futhi basizane ukuphuma. Abantu abanamandla bazama ukuvikela ababuthakathaka, nalabo abangakwazi ukuzondla.
Abesilisa nabesifazane abanamandla bahlala benobuholi ephaketheni, futhi abanye ngokulalela balandela lo mthetho. Iqiniso elithandeka kakhulu ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane baxhumana kanjani besebenzisa imisindo. Isikhathi ngasinye sinomsindo waso okhethekile. Uma lokhu kuyingozi - sengathi bayakhala, futhi uma beyozingela - bashicilela impi ethi "ho-ho", bangabiza nomngani wabo uma belahlekile.
Umlingiswa oqinile onamandla ngezinye izikhathi uyamangaza. Bahamba ngokuzingela ekuseni kakhulu, uma kungaphumelelanga, bangazama futhi kusihlwa, kepha hhayi ebusuku. Ebusuku, iphakethe livame ukuthanda ukulala.
Bangakwazi ukuxosha inyamazane ihora lonke ekuzingeleni. Ijubane labo lifinyelela ku-60 km / h. Ekuzingeleni, izilwane zincike ekubukeni, ngakho-ke uma zilahlekelwa ukubona inyamazane yazo, ziyeka ukuzingela.
Lapho singekho isidingo sokuzingela, nakanjani bazodlala. Kubo, umndeni uyinto esemqoka. Kuyisilwane esidlange kakhulu emphakathini. Umhlambi uyikho konke kuye. Ukudlala komndeni kubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni. Ngosizo lwawo, amazinyane asemhlambini afunda ukuzingela okuzayo. Lesi yisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yabo yabantu abadala.
Kukhona nezikhathi ezidabukisayo empilweni yepakethe yezinja zempisi. Uma umholi efa, umhlambi uyahlakazeka. Intsha kufanele isungule noma ifune umndeni omusha, kuthi owesifazane ahambe ayofuna umlingani omusha ukuze akhe umndeni.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amantshontsho Enja Yezinja
Njengezilwane eziningi, abamele impisi bazalela ngababili abahlukene. Abanaso isikhathi esikhethekile sokukhwelana, kepha sisaqhubeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - isikhathi sikaMashi-Julayi. Kepha inzalo ingavela ngoDisemba. Abesifazane bathwala inzalo ngokwesilinganiso sezinyanga ezi-2 - 2.5. Udoti owodwa unemidlwane engu-6 -10, kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi ingaletha udoti imidlwane efinyelela kuma-20, kepha lokhu akuvamile.
Abesifazane bacasha emigodini yobuciko, etholakala kude nezimbobo zokunisela. Ungathola indawo lapho kunamakholoni anezinhlaka ezinjalo. Kepha kaningi izigaxa ezimbili zowesilisa nowesifazane zizalela emhlambini. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungcono ukuthi ungaphazamisi abesifazane, uvikele ukukhulelwa kwakhe, unolaka, futhi uzama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuzivikela ezingozini zomhlaba wangaphandle.
Izingane zizalwa ziyizithulu futhi zingaboni. Amehlo abo avuleka ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu. Inja yempisi yensikazi, ngokuba ngumama ophethe kahle, iyabuka futhi ibuke amawundlu asemgodini enye inyanga. Zondliwa ngobisi cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Lapho nje umdlwane uqala ukuya endle, wonke amalungu ephakethe aba nomthwalo wokondla inyama eboshiwe. Njengoba kunikezwe iqiniso lokuthi inyama isivele icutshungulwe ngumzali omdala, omncane angakugaya kalula ukudla okunjalo esemncane.
Lapho zinezinyanga ezinhlanu ubudala, imidlwane iyashintshana, futhi kwesinye isikhathi wonke amachwane, alandela abadala lapho bezingela. Uma imidlwane emincane ingabambi iqhaza ekuzingeleni, izinja ezindala zingabuya zizobamemela esidlweni. Ziletha amaphuphu empangweni ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba ibulewe. Bavunyelwe ukudla ukusutha kwabo, bese kuphela lapho umama nobaba bedla. Futhi okusele sekuvele kudliwe ngomunye umndeni. Imidlwane yabantu abadala ibhekwa njengeminyaka engu-1.5 ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo zenja yempisi
Isithombe: Izinja zempisi
Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isilwane sezilwane zasendle, le nja enobungane inezitha zayo. Ngisho ukufana kwamagama alezi zinhlobo akubaniki ilungelo lokungabi abangani kuphela, kepha abafani ngisho nasezihlotsheni - impisi. Izimpisi ezisendleleni yazo zingukuphikisana okungapheli kuyo yonke indlela yokuphila yalolu hlobo. Abaqaphi abanobuqili bahlala besusa ukudla abakutholayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinja zempisi zizalwa zingabazingeli futhi zithola ukudla ngokuzingela ngokuzingela izilwane. Impisi ingaphansi kwabo kulokhu, ngakho-ke bangahlanza kuphela ukudla.
Zisengozini yezingulule namabhubesi. Ngeshwa, inani lemihlambi yezinja zefisi nalo liyancipha ngenxa yephutha lazo, njengoba zisebenza ochungechungeni lokudla kwezilwane ezizingelayo. Umndeni wama-felines ungabazingeli abanonya, futhi babulala ngaphandle kokungabaza. Futhi uma behlangabezana nemihlambi yempisi, babamba wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokudatshukelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinja zivame ukwethusa izilwane ezizingelwa ngamabhubesi.
Umuntu futhi kungabhekiswa kuye yizitha. Uma sithatha iqiniso lokuthi izinja zingabazingeli, futhi azingeli nje kuphela endaweni yazo, kepha futhi angahlasela umhlaba wezolimo, lapho-ke ngeke bakwazi ukugwema ukungqubuzana. Ngokuvamile izingxabano zingavela phakathi kwabadli bezilwane nabalimi. Manje izinja zempisi zigcinwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivikelwe nezindawo ezivikelwe, ezivimbela ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inja yezimpisi e-Afrika
Ezikhathini zamuva nje, imindeni emikhulu ye-canid ibitholakala ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala. Kepha inani labo lehla kuphela ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Iqembu, uma phambilini bekungaba namayunithi wezilwane afinyelela kwikhulu, manje umndeni usuhlanganisa izinja ezifika ku-20-30, kufaka nezilwane ezisencane. Inani labantu lincipha minyaka yonke.
Izizathu eziyisisekelo ezibangele ukuqothulwa kwalezi zilwane ukwehliswa kwendawo ezihlala kuyo nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Futhi nokudubula kwabantu okungalawuleki ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Izifo ezithathelwanayo nazo ziholela ekwehleni kwabantu: amarabi; i-anthrax, izifo ze-epizootic. Zithelela izilwane ezifuywayo ngalezi zifo, nazo eziholela ekudutshulweni kwazo kungajeziswa.
Kungashiwo ngomunyu ukuthi inani labantu namuhla alidluli kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Endaweni yaseNyakatho Afrika, lezi zilwane ezidlayo nazo zimbalwa ngenani, futhi eNtshonalanga Afrika ziyivelakancane nakancane. Bahlala endaweni ngokukhetha. Kutholakala enkabeni ye-Afrika naseCameroon. Okuhlukile yinsimu yonke yaseSenegal, lapho izinja zempisi zingaphansi kokuvikelwa nguhulumeni.
Impisi yenja yezimpisi
Isithombe: Inja ye-Hyena Red Book
Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu bebona ukuthi inani lalezi zilwane ezingavamile lehla ngesivinini esisheshayo. Lezi zinhlobo ezincane zezilwane zase-Afrika zisengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, namuhla inja yempisi ifakiwe kwiRed Book ye-International Union for Conservation of Nature, futhi ingaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso kwamanye amazwe.
Inja yezimpisi - Unekhono elingenakuqhathaniswa lokuzingela ngobuqili. Ngisho nephakethe eliqeqeshwe kahle lezinja ezizingelayo lingaba nomona ngokuhambisana kwezenzo zazo. Umhlatshelo ungokwemvelo kuzo: ngisho nomuntu obulawa yindlala ngeke akuthinte ukudla kuze kudle imidlwane emincane, ngoba le yimithetho. Aziyona ingozi kubantu. Uma sibheka izilwane endle, sizobona imidlwane enhle, abazali abakhathalelayo nabaholi abanesibopho, esingafunda kubo kubantu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 15.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-9: 16
