Izinyamazane ezimhlophe ezinomsila (I-Odocoileus virginianus) ingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu zezinyamazane eNyakatho Melika. Ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zifaka inyamazane yomnyuzi (i-Odocoileus hemionus) nenyamazane enomsila omnyama (i-Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Lezi zihlobo ezimbili eziphilayo zezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zinokubukeka okufanayo. Zombili izinyamazane zincane ngosayizi, zinoboya obumnyama nezimpondo ezimise okwehlukile.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe
Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zingesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo kakhulu eNyakatho Melika. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi lezi zinhlobo zisinde isikhathi eside kungenxa yokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwayo. Lapho kufika isikhathi seqhwa, izinto eziningi eziphilayo bezingakwazi ukusinda ezimweni eziguquka ngokushesha, kepha izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zachuma.
Lezi zinhlobo ziguquguquka ngokweqile, zasizwa ukuba ziphile ngezici ezinjenge:
- imisipha yomlenze eqinile;
- izimpondo ezinkulu;
- izimpawu zokuxwayisa;
- uboya obuguqula umbala.
Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe ziyaziwa ukuthi zisebenzisa izimpondo zazo ezintweni eziningi, ezifana nokulwa nokumaka indawo yayo. Kule minyaka eyizigidi eziyi-3,5 edlule, izimpondo zezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zishintshe kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo sosayizi abakhulu nabakhulu. Njengoba izimpondo zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukulwa, umthetho jikelele wesithupha uthi okukhudlwana kuba ngcono.
Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zingenye yezilwane ezindala eziphilayo emhlabeni ezincelisayo eNyakatho Melika. Lolu hlobo luneminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-3.5 ubudala. Ngenxa yeminyaka yazo, amadlozi ezinyamazana kunzima ukuwabona. Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zitholakale zihlobene kakhulu ne-Odocoileus brachyodontus, enokuhluka okuthile okuncane. Ingaphinde ixhunyaniswe nezinhlobo ezithile zasendulo zama-moose ezingeni le-DNA.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe
Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe (i-Odocoileus virginianus) ingenye yezilwane zasendle eziningi kakhulu ezifundazweni zaseMelika. Ama-molts amabili wesizini akhiqiza izikhumba ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele. Umbala wasehlobo uqukethe izinwele ezimfishane, ezinhle zembala onsundu ngokubomvu. Leli pele likhula ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba futhi esikhundleni salo kufakwe umbala webusika, oqukethe izinwele ezinde ezinsundu ezingenampunga. Izinwele ezingenalutho nebhantshi lihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuphawulekayo ezimweni ezibandayo zasebusika.
Umbala wobusika uthathelwa indawo umbala wasehlobo ngo-Ephreli nangoMeyi. Isisu, isifuba, umphimbo nesilevu kumhlophe unyaka wonke. Izikhumba zezinyamazane ezisanda kuzalwa zinombala obomvu ngokubomvu futhi zinamakhulu amaningana amachashazi amancane amhlophe. Lo mbala onamabala usiza ukuwafihla ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Izinyamazane ezinezigaba zombala eziphambukayo azivamile e-Alabama. Izinyamazane ezihlanzekile ezimhlophe (albino) noma ezimnyama (melanistic) azivamile ngempela. Kodwa-ke, ukuzalwa kwe-pinto kuvamile kakhulu e-Alabama. Izinyamazane eziphayiwe zibonakala ngengubo ecishe ibe mhlophe ngokuphelele enamabala athile ansundu.
Ividiyo: Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe
Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zinomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga. Amakhala abo ahlukanisiwe agcwele uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi oluqukethe izigidi zamakhompiyutha amukelayo. Imizwa yabo yokuhogela ibaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ukuhlonza ezinye izinyamazane nemithombo yokudla. Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, umuzwa wabo wokuhogela ubalulekile ekuxhumaneni nezinye izinyamazane. Izinyamazane zinezindlala eziyisikhombisa ezisetshenziselwa ukunambitheka.
Izinyamazane futhi zinokubona okuhle kakhulu kokuzwa. Izindlebe ezinkulu, ezihambayo ziyazivumela ukuthi zithole imisindo ezindaweni ezikude futhi zinqume ngokunembile ukuthi ziqondaphi. Izinyamazane zingenza uhla lwemisindo ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukugqabhuka okuhlukahlukene, ukukhala, ukukhala, ukushosholoza nokuthimula.
Cishe ama-subspecies angama-38 ezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe achazwe eNyakatho, eMaphakathi kanye naseNingizimu Melika. Ama-subspecies angamashumi amathathu atholakala eNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi kuphela.
Ihlala kuphi inyamazane enemisila emhlophe?
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zaseMelika ezinomsila omhlophe
Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zivame ukutholakala eMidwest yeNyakatho Melika. Lezi zinyamazane zingahlala cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo, kodwa zithanda izindawo ezinezintaba ezinamahlathi ahlabayo. Ezinyamazaneni ezinomsila omhlophe, kuyadingeka ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezivulekile ezizungezwe izihlahla noma utshani obude ukuze zivikeleke ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye nasekufuneni ukudla.
Iningi lezinyamazane ezihlala e-United States zitholakala ezifundazweni ezinjenge:
- I-Arkansas;
- IGeorgia;
- EMichigan;
- ENyakatho Carolina;
- I-Ohio;
- ETexas;
- I-Wisconsin;
- I-Alabama.
Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zijwayela kahle izinhlobo ezahlukene zendawo yokuhlala kanye nezinguquko ezingazelelwe emvelweni. Bangaphila ezindaweni ezinokhuni oluvuthiwe nasezindaweni ezinezindawo ezivulekile ezivulekile. Ngalesi sizathu, zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi eNyakatho Melika.
Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe ziyizidalwa eziguquguqukayo futhi zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Alukho uhlobo olufanayo lwemvelo olulungele izinyamazane, kungaba yizihlahla ezilukhuni ezivuthiwe noma amasimu ephayini. Kalula nje, ama-reindeer adinga ukudla, amanzi nezwe ngendlela efanele. Izidingo zokuphila nezomsoco ziyashintsha unyaka wonke, ngakho-ke indawo yokuhlala enhle inezithako ezanele ezidingekayo unyaka wonke.
Zidlani izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe?
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe eRussia
Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-reindeer adla u-1 kuya ku-3 kg wokudla ngosuku ngalo lonke u-50 kg wesisindo somzimba. Izinyamazane ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi zidla ngaphezu kwethani lokuphakelayo ngonyaka. Izinyamazane ziyizilwane ezikhanyayo futhi, njengezinkomo, zinesisu esiyinkimbinkimbi, esinamagumbi amane. Izinyamazane zikhetha kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Imilomo yabo mide futhi igxile ekukhetheni okuthile kokudla.
Ukudla kwezinyamazane kuyehluka njengokuhlala kwayo. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zidla amaqabunga, amagatsha, izithelo namahlumela ezihlahla ezahlukahlukene, izihlahla nemivini. Ama-reindeer nawo adla ukhula oluningi, utshani, izitshalo zezolimo nezinhlobo eziningi zamakhowe.
Ngokungafani nezinkomo, izinyamazane azondli ngokudla okulinganiselwe kuphela. Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zingadla amanani abalulekile azo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitholakala endaweni yazo. Vele, lapho ama-reindeer agcwele ngokweqile abangela ukusweleka kokudla, bazodla ukudla okuhlukahlukene kakhulu okungeyona ingxenye yokudla kwabo okujwayelekile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe ehlathini
Amaqembu ezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili. Lokhu kubandakanya amaqembu emindeni, enezinyamazane nezingane zayo ezincane, namaqembu abesilisa. Iqembu lomndeni lizohlala ndawonye isikhathi esingangonyaka. Amaqembu abesilisa ahlelwe ngokubusa okuphethe kwabantu abayi-3 kuye kwaba-5.
Ebusika, la maqembu amabili ama-reindeer angahlangana ndawonye akhe imiphakathi yabantu abafinyelela ku-150. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwenza imikhondo ivuleke futhi ifinyeleleke ekudleni, futhi ibuye inikeze ukuvikelwa ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ngenxa yokondliwa ngabantu, lezi zindawo zingadala ukuqina kwezinyamazane eziphakeme ngokungajwayelekile okuheha izilwane ezidla ezinye, kwandise ubungozi bokudluliswa kwezifo, kwandise ubudlova emphakathini, kuholele ekutheni kudliwe kakhulu utshani bomdabu nokushayisana okuningi.
Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zikwazi ukubhukuda, ukugijima nokugxuma. Isikhumba sasebusika sesilwane esincelisayo sinezinwele eziyize, ibanga phakathi kwalo eligcwele umoya. Ngenxa yalesi silwane, kunzima ukuminza, noma ngabe sikhathele. Izinyamazane ezinemisila emhlophe zingagijima ngejubane elifinyelela kuma-58 km / h, yize ijwayele ukubheka lapho icashe khona futhi ayikaze ihambe amabanga amade. Izinyamazane nazo zingagxuma ngamamitha angu-2,5 ukuphakama namamitha ayi-9 ubude.
Lapho inyamazane enemisila emhlophe ishaqekile, inganyathela futhi ihogele ukwazisa ezinye izinyamazane. Isilwane futhi "singamaka" indawo noma siphakamise umsila saso ukukhombisa ngaphansi kwaso okumhlophe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-white-tailed deer cub
Isakhiwo senhlalo sezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa sigxile emaqenjini amabili ayizenhlalo: i-matriarchal neyesilisa. Amaqembu e-Matriarchal aqukethe insikazi, umama wakhe, kanye nenzalo yabesifazane. Amaqembu amaBuck ngamaqembu akhululekile aqukethe izinyamazane ezindala.
Ucwaningo lubhale izinsuku ezijwayelekile zokukhulelwa kusuka ku-Thanksgiving kuya maphakathi noDisemba, ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, ngisho nakuFebhuwari. Ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala, isikhathi sokuzalisa esiphakeme senzeka maphakathi nasekupheleni kukaJanuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinguquko zehomoni zenzeka kwabesilisa abanomsila omhlophe. Izinyamazane ezindala ziba nolaka futhi zingabekezeleli abanye abesilisa.
Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bamaka futhi bavikele izindawo zokuzalela ngokwakha omaka abaningi ebangeni labo. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, owesilisa angakhwelana nowesifazane amahlandla amaningi.
Lapho umsebenzi usondela, owesifazane okhulelwe uba nesizungu futhi avikele indawo yakhe kwezinye izinyamazane. Izinja zizalwa cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-200 ngemuva kokukhulelwa. ENyakatho Melika, izinzalo eziningi zizalwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti. Inani lenzalo lincike eminyakeni yobudala nesimo somzimba sowesifazane. Njengomthetho, owesifazane oneminyaka eyodwa ubudala unemvu eyodwa, kepha amawele ayivelakancane.
Imihlambi yama-reindeer hhayi ezindaweni ezingcono kakhulu, ezinabantu abaningi kakhulu, ingakhombisa ukusinda okuncane phakathi kwenzalo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa, insikazi ayivamile ukuhamba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100 ukusuka kumawundlu ayo. Izinja ziqala ukuhamba nonina zinamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo zenyamazane emsila omhlophe
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe
Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zihlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi. Kwezinye izindawo ukuminyana kwezinyamazane kuyinkinga. Izimpisi ezimnyama namabhubesi asezintabeni kwakuyizilwane ezidlayo ezazisiza ukugcina inani labantu libhekiwe, kepha ngenxa yokuzingela nokuthuthuka kwabantu, zazingekho izimpisi eziningi namabhubesi asezintabeni asele ezingxenyeni eziningi zeNyakatho Melika.
Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe kwesinye isikhathi ziba yizisulu zamantshontsho, kepha abantu nezinja manje sekuyizitha eziyinhloko zalesi silwane. Njengoba ziziningi izilwane ezidla imvelo, isibalo sezinyamazane kwesinye isikhathi siba sikhulu kakhulu emvelweni, okungadala ukuthi inyamazane ibulawe indlala. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, abazingeli basiza ukulawula inani lalezi zilwane, kepha ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasemadolobheni, ukuzingela akuvunyelwe, ngakho-ke inani lalezi zilwane liyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ukusinda okuhle akusho ukuthi lezi zinyamazane azihlaseleki ngokuphelele.
Izinsongo kubantu bezinyamazane ezimsila omhlophe (ngaphandle kwezilwane ezidla ezinye) zibandakanya:
- ukuzingela ngokungemthetho
- ukushayisana kwezimoto;
- isifo.
Abazingeli abaningi bayazi ukuthi izinyamazane aziboni kahle. Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zinombono we-dichromatic, okusho ukuthi zibona imibala emibili kuphela. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kombono omuhle, izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe zenze umuzwa onamandla wokuhogela ukuthola izilwane ezizingelayo.
Umkhuhlane weCatarrhal (Ulimi Oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) yisifo esithinta izinqwaba zezinyamazane. Ukutheleleka kudluliswa yimpukane futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala kolimi futhi kubangele nokuthi isisulu sehluleke ukulawula imilenze yaso. Abantu abaningi bafa kungakapheli isonto. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukululama kungathatha izinyanga ezi-6. Lesi sifo sithinta nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezincelisayo ezisemhlabeni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe
Izinyamazane zazingavamile emazweni amaningi aseNyakatho Melika kuze kube seminyakeni yamuva. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwawo-1900 kwakukhona izinyamazane ezingaba ngu-2 000 kuphela e-Alabama kuphela. Ngemuva kwemizamo yamashumi eminyaka yokwandisa inani labantu, inani lezinyamazane e-Alabama lalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-1.75 ngonyaka ka-2000.
Eqinisweni, izingxenye eziningi zaseNyakatho Melika zigcwele inyamazane. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilimo ziyalimala, nokwanda kwesibalo sokushayisana kwezinyamazane nezimoto. Ngokomlando, eNyakatho Melika, ama-subspecies avelele ezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe kube yiVirginia (O. v. Virginianus). Ngemuva kokuqedwa okuseduze kwezinyamazane ezinemisila emhlophe ezifundazweni zaseMidwestern ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, uMnyango Wezokulondolozwa Kwezinto, kanye nabantu abaningana namaqembu, baqala ukulwa ukukhulisa inani lezinyamazane ngawo-1930.
Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900, kwaphasiswa imithetho elawula ukuzingelwa kwezinyamazane, kepha ayizange iphoqelelwe. Ngo-1925, kwakukhona izinyamazane ezingama-400 kuphela eMissouri. Lokhu kusikwa kuholele ekutheni iSishayamthetho saseMissouri siphele ngokuzingela izinyamazane ngokuphelele futhi kuphoqelele ngokuqinile imithetho yokuvikelwa kwabantu kanye nemithetho yokubuyisa.
UMnyango Wezokulondolozwa Kwemvelo wenze imizamo yokuhambisa izinyamazana eMissouri zisuka eMichigan, eWisconsin, naseMinnesota ukusiza ukugcwalisa izilwane. Ama-Conservation agents aqala ukuphoqelela imithethonqubo esize ekunqandeni ukuzingela ngokungemthetho. Ngo-1944, inani lezinyamazane lase lenyuke laba ngu-15,000.
Njengamanje, inani lezinyamazane eMissouri kuphela zingabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1,4, futhi abazingeli minyaka yonke bazingela cishe izilwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Ukuphathwa kwezinyamazane eMissouri kuzama ukuzinzisa abantu ezingeni elingaphakathi kwamandla emvelo emvelo.
Izinyamazane ezimhlophe ezinomsila Isilwane esihle futhi esihle esidlala indima ebalulekile ezilwaneni zasendle. Ukuqinisekisa impilo yamahlathi, imihlambi yama-reindeer kufanele ilinganiswe nendawo ehlala kuyo. Ukulinganisela kwemvelo kuyisici esibalulekile enhlalakahleni yezilwane zasendle.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 11.02.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 16.09.2019 ngo-14: 45
