I-acara e-turquoise - leli gama namuhla lihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zabamele ama-cichlids, athola udumo eminyakeni engama-70 yekhulu elidlule ngenxa ye-aquaristics. Ama-Acars, njengomthetho, awanazo izidingo ezikhethekile zokwakheka kwamanzi kwe-hydrochemical - konke lokhu kubenza bahehe ngokombono wama-aquarists. Cishe zingu-30 izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezaziwayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Turquoise acara
Kusuka kusayithi kuya kusayithi isiqinisekiso siyazulazula ukuthi kusuka egameni lesiLatini elithi akara ekuhumusheni kwaseRussia kusho "ukusakaza". Kulula ukuhlola ukungahambisani kwesitatimende esinjalo ngokubhekisa kwisichazamazwi ukuze uqiniseke - ekusakazweni kwesiLatin "amnis". Eqinisweni, ama-Acars athole igama lawo ngenxa yolimi lwamaNdiya aseGuarani, akhomba lezi zinhlanzi ngaleli gama. Incazelo yesemantic yegama itholakala kalula. Ama-Akars asakazekile e-Amazon nakwabakhileyo bendawo i-akara kuyafana nakwabakhileyo engxenyeni emaphakathi yeRussia i-carp crucian.
Igama elijwayelekile elithi "Akara" lihlanganisa abamele izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlanzi ze-cichlid:
- uhlobo Andinoacara;
- uhlobo lwe-Aequidens;
- uhlobo lweKrobia;
- uhlobo Cleithracara;
- uhlobo Bujurquina;
- uhlobo Laetacara.
Umdlavuza owaziwayo njengamanje uqhamuka eNingizimu Melika. Namuhla awukho umbono oqondile wodokotela bama-paleoichthyologists mayelana nokhokho ovamile womdlavuza. Lokhu kungenxa yesibalo esanele sezinsalela ezitholakele. Izigxivizo zeminwe zokuqala zezinhlanzi zomdlavuza zisukela eminyakeni yobudala esukela ku-57 kuye ku-45 million weminyaka. Lokhu kungaphansi kwesikhathi sokuwa kukaGondwana (eminyakeni eyizi-135,000,000 eyedlule), okungukuthi, kunikeza isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zavela vele endaweni yaseNingizimu Melika yanamuhla.
Izinsalela zathola ukusekela iphuzu lokuthi ama-acars ekuqaleni avela emanzini asePeru nasemanzini echibini iRio Esmeraldes. Kusuka kulezi zindawo, zahlaliswa kwamanye amadamu enkaba yeNingizimu Melika futhi namuhla indawo yazo yokuhlala ihlanganisa ingxenye emaphakathi yaleli zwekazi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Blue Acara
Ama-Akaras anomzimba ophakeme othe cwe okweqile ngobude. Ikhanda lenhlanzi likhulu, linobunono be-convex. Lesi sici sesakhiwo sivezwa kakhulu kwabesilisa abanokwakheka okunamafutha athile ebunzini, okuthi ngezinga elithile noma yiliphi likhona kuwo wonke ama-cichlids futhi kubonakale lapho sebekhulile.
Amehlo omdlavuza we-turquoise makhulu maqondana nosayizi wekhanda ophelele. Ukwakheka kwalesi sitho kuvumela izinhlanzi ukuba zibone kahle kusihlwa kwengxenye yamanzi echibini, njengomthetho, igcwele amagatsha futhi igcwele kakhulu izitshalo zasemanzini. Izindebe zomdlavuza zinkulu. Kule ngxenye yomzimba, kugxilwe inani elikhulu lokuphela kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, adlala indima yokwamukela amakhemikhali futhi anikeze inhlanzi amandla okuthola ngokunembile kokubili ukudla nabalingani, ukuthola indawo yesikole.
Isici sesici somzimba womdlavuza we-turquoise ngumsila oyindilinga oyindilinga, kanye namaphiko akhonjisiwe endunu nangasemuva. Kwabesilisa, amaphiko amade, ajwayele ukuba ngendunu futhi akhombe ngemuva. Imibala yomzimba kumdlavuza yehlukile futhi incike ezinhlotsheni. Imibala yemibala nayo ihlukile - kusuka kubomvu-burgundy kuya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala wabesilisa uhlala ukhanya ukudlula owabesifazane.
Ubukhulu bomdlavuza buyahlukahluka futhi bucacisiwe ngohlobo ngalunye. Amancane kunawo wonke ama-maroni akars, abesifazane akhula aze afike kumasentimitha ayisikhombisa (abesilisa bakhudlwana), ama-zebra akars, akhula afike kumasentimitha amahlanu. Abamele umdlavuza onamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka no-turquoise bakhula bafike kwikota yemitha.
Uhlala kuphi u-akara oluluhlaza?
Isithombe: akara fish
Indawo yokuhlala yomdlavuza ihlanganisa amadamu eCentral and Southern Latin America. Izinhlobo eziningi zitholakala esifundeni esikhulu se-Amazon eColombia, ePeru naseBrazil.
Amelwe kabanzi emifuleni enjalo yaseBrazil, iVenezuela neGaina, njenge:
- UPutomayo;
- I-Trombetas (i-Trombetas);
- IsiShingu (Xingu);
- Esquibo;
- Kapim;
- UBranko;
- Negro.
Ama-acar turquoise ajwayelekile emanzini aseTrinidad. Ama-Akars ahlala ikakhulukazi emizimbeni yamanzi engajulile enezinga eliphansi lokugeleza kwamanzi acebile ngama-tannins. Zikhetha izindawo ezinezihlahlana zezitshalo zasemanzini, ezinokukhululeka okuphansi, okunikeza izinhlanzi inqwaba yezindawo zokukhosela. Lezi zinhlanzi zivamile endaweni esogwini lwedamu.
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza zithanda ukuhlala kude nolwandle. Kuncanyelwa izindawo ezinqwabelene kakhulu nezimila zasemanzini, ezinamaqabunga abanzi aphumela ngaphandle. Lezi zitshalo zinikeza izinhlanzi amandla okucashela izindwandwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kube nesikhala esanele sokubhukuda kwamahhala, yize ama-akars ethanda ukugcina insimu yendawo ekhethiwe.
Kudlani i-akara oluluhlaza?
Isithombe: Akara
Ama-Akars yizidlakudla ezincane. Okusho ukuthi, inhlanzi igwinya isisulu sayo iphelele bese izama ukuyigwinya ngaphandle kokuhlafuna. Kwesinye isikhathi ukungapheleli kwalolu hlobo lokudla kungabonwa ngokufryiwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomdlavuza, ezinikezwa ukudla okubukhoma, okungalingani ngokulingana nedivayisi yemishini yabo yomlomo. Isibonelo, ishubhu elide kakhulu alikho esiswini, kepha liqala ukwenziwa ngomfudlana wamanzi odlula ekuvuleni komlomo nangama-gill - imikhawulo yeshubhu imane ilenga ezinsikeni zegill. Inhlanzi igcina ngokufa.
Isisekelo sokudla komdlavuza ukuphakelwa kwamaprotheni. Ngokwemvelo, zondla kakhulu kwizibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini, ama-crustaceans. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, ezinjengomdlavuza we-turquoise, zenzelwe kahle ukudla iminenke. Izimoto ngeke ziyishiye inhlanzi, ubukhulu bayo obenza ukuthi umhlaseli adle isilwane sonke.
Ukuthuthuka nokukhula okugcwele (njengazo zonke izinhlanzi, ama-crayfish akhula kuyo yonke impilo), ukudla kufanele futhi kufake nengxenye engabalulekile yokudla kwezitshalo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinhlanzi zithola lokho kudla ngokumba kuma-deutrite futhi zigwinye izinhlayiya zezitshalo ezibolile. Lapho ugcina i-aquarium, ngaphezu kokuphakelayo kwamaprotheni, okuphakelayo okungezona okwenziwe ngezinhlanzi ezisebenzisa omnivorous kanye no herbivorous kuyongezwa ekudleni.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Turquoise akara owesilisa nowesifazane
Ama-Aquarists kwesinye isikhathi abhekisa kumdlavuza njengabafundi bezinhlanzi. Izinhlanzi zihlukaniswa nokuziphatha okunzima kakhulu, aziqapheli kuphela omakhelwane bazo abanomphela, kodwa nomnikazi. Bangakwazi ukuthanjiswa ngokwanele ukuba baphululwe.
Ukuziphatha komdlavuza emphakathini kuyahlukahluka ngezinhlobo. Isibonelo, abamele izinhlobo zeparaguayan akara (igama lesiLatin elithi Bujurquina vittata), owaziwa futhi phakathi kwama-aquarists njengo-akara vitata, unolaka olukhulu. Kakade lapho eseneminyaka ethosiwe, uqala ukukhombisa ukungabekezelelani kwabamele ubulili obufanayo bezinhlobo zakhe. Njengoba zikhula, ulaka lusakazeka kubamele noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlanzi, ezenza umzamo wokubhukuda endaweni i-akara vitata eyithatha njengeyayo.
Lapho sesifikile ebusheni, esenzeka ngezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala, umdlavuza uqala ukwakha ngazimbili ezizinzile. Ama-Akars angabodadewabo abangabodwa futhi angabalingani impilo yabo yonke. Amapharamitha okwakhiwa ngawo ngazimbili awakafundwa, kepha kuphawuliwe ukuthi uma owesifazane omdala etshalwe nowesifazane omdala, ukuhlolwa kuzophela kabuhlungu - owesilisa uzoshaya isivakashi esingafuneki. Yize, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umbhangqwana uhlukaniswa ngengilazi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi owesilisa uyeka ukuzama ukuxosha owesifazane futhi amvumele angene endaweni yakhe.
Njengoba sebekhethe indawo abahlala kuyo, umdlavuza uqala ukuwuvikela ekuhlaselweni omakhelwane. Le ndawo ingaba ncane kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, amasentimitha ayi-100 kuphela njenge-Laetacara curviceps, kepha abashadayo balungisa imingcele okungekho muntu ovunyelwe ukuweqa. Isici esithandekayo sokuziphatha komdlavuza ukuthi ulaka lubonakala kakhulu kwabesifazane, abavame ukugqugquzela izimpi futhi badonsele abesilisa kubo.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza iyafana. Ukuzalela kuqalwa ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa, okuhambisana nokwanda kokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo emanzini kanye nokwehla kwezinga lama-nitrate nama-nitrites, ama-phosphates, ukwanda kokuthamba kwamanzi, kanye noshintsho ku-asidi. Ngokwemvelo, le nqubo iqala ukwenzeka njengoba umthamo wamanzi ukhuphuka ngenxa yokuqala kwenkathi yezimvula ezivamile. Kuma-aquariums, ushintsho olunjalo lutholakala ngokwandisa amandla e-aeration, izinguquko zamanzi ezivamile ngokufakwa kwe-distillate.
Ukuzimisela ukuzala kuboniswa ngaphandle ngokwanda kokuqina kombala nokushintsha kokuziphatha. Ama-Akars akhetha bese eqala ukulungisa indawo lapho amaqanda azobekwa khona. Njengomthetho, lawa ngamatshe ayizicaba. Ukwanda komdlavuza kuyanda - bavikela ngentshiseko itshe labo. Ubuso betshe buhlanzwa yizinhlanzi. E-aquarium, itshe lingashintshwa ngesiqephu se-ceramic, plastic. Uma amahektare engayitholi into efanelekile, azoqala ukusula indawo yenhlabathi, ngokombono wayo, efanelekayo ukubeka amaqanda.
Ucwaningo lwamuva lukhombisile ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuzala, izindlala ezisezindebeni zomdlavuza ziqala ukukhipha izinto ezibulala amagciwane. Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi azigcini ngokuhlanza indawo kuphela, kodwa futhi ziyibulala amagciwane. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-akars abamba okuthile emhlabathini phakathi komgodi nemink - le yindawo lapho izibungu zizodluliswa khona ngemuva kokuchamuselwa. Ukuzalela kwenzeka ngokulandelayo - insikazi ibhukuda phezu kwetshe, ibeke umugqa wamaqanda, bese owesilisa uyamlandela futhi avundise amaqanda.
Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, umzali oyedwa ubekwe ngenhla kwawo futhi uvulela i-clutch ngokuhambisa amaphiko we-pectoral. Umzali wesibili uvikela indawo yokwakha izidleke kokunye ukungena kwezinhlanzi. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, ngemuva kokuzala, ziqoqa amaqanda emgodini womlomo bese zifukamela amaqanda kuwo. Ngenxa yokubuyekezwa kwentela okwenziwa yiCullander ngo-1986, umdlavuza onjalo wanikezwa uhlobo olukhethekile lwaseBujurquina. Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwesikhwama se-yolk kwifry, abazali baqala ukubondla - bayakuhlafuna ukudla bese bekudedela ekuqongeleleni gazinga. Ngemuva kokuthi gazinga lithole amandla okubhukuda ngokukhululeka, abazali abayeki ukubanakekela. Njengoba gazinga likhula, bashiya abazali babo futhi bakhe izindawo zokuhlala ezintsha.
Izitha zemvelo zomdlavuza oluluhlaza
Isithombe: Turquoise fish akara
Ama-Akars awanayo inzuzo yezentengiselwano ngomsebenzi wezomnotho. Ukukhululeka kokuzalela ngokuthunjwa kuholele ekulahlekelweni kwesithakazelo kulezi zinhlanzi ezivela kubahlinzeki bezinhlanzi zasemanzini ukuhweba ngamanethiwekhi eMelika, eYurophu nase-Asia, futhi inani eliphansi lokudla okunomsoco alibangeli inzalo ezinkampanini ezibandakanyeka ekubanjweni kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasetafuleni.
Ngakho-ke, isiyingi sezitha zomdlavuza sichazwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye lezi zinhlanzi ukudla kwazo okungokwemvelo. Izitha ezinjalo, okokuqala, zifaka ama-caimans wezingane, ukudla kwawo ezinkathini zokuqala zokuphila kusekelwe kuzinhlanzi ezincane nezinambuzane ezinkulu. Isilwane esinjengofudu oludlayo u-matamata naso sizingela ngempumelelo umdlavuza. Izinduna zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezizingela izinhlanzi emanzini angajulile nazo zidala umonakalo omkhulu kubantu bomdlavuza. Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye ezifana ne-arapaim aziyideleli i-akara.
Cishe isitha esiyinhloko somdlavuza kwakungabazingeli abanekhono njengama-otter aseBrazil. Kodwa-ke, ukwehla okukhulu kwesibalo sabantu bakamuva ngenxa yokungenelela komuntu kwimvelo yase-Amazonia, kususe lezi zidlakudla ohlwini lwezitha eziyinhloko zomdlavuza. Okwamanje, asikho isilwane esitholakele esingahlasela umdlavuza kuphela. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngezitha ezithile zalezi zinhlanzi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Akara
Ama-Akaras ajwayela impilo kalula ezimweni ezahlukahlukene. Zitholakala emifuleni egeleza kancane, emanzini anamanzi nasemifudlaneni egeleza ngokushesha isuka ezintabeni. Izimoto nazo azidingi ukwakheka kwamanzi ngamakhemikhali. Ububanzi bokuqina kwamanzi, okunethezeka impilo, banzi impela - 3 - 20 dGH. Izidingo ze-acid - pH kusuka ku-6.0 kuye ku-7.5. Ububanzi bokushisa bukhulu ngokwanele ukuze kube nokuphila okunethezekile - kusuka ku-22 ° С kuye ku-30 ° С.
Izinga eliphakeme lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ezishintshayo linikeze ama-Akars ithuba lokuthi anganciphisi ubukhulu besibalo sabantu ngenxa yezinguquko ezenzeka e-Amazon ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwehla kwenani lezitha zemvelo ngenxa yomsebenzi womnotho womuntu ngezinga elithile kuze kwaba nomthelela ekwandeni kwesibalo salezi zinhlanzi ezindaweni zemvelo.
Akara azifakiwe Ohlwini Olubomvu lwezilwane nezinhlanzi, ngakho-ke akukho zinyathelo zokongiwa ezithathwa maqondana nazo. Inani lalezi zinhlanzi eNingizimu Melika lizinzile futhi alibonisi mkhuba wokwehla.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 26.01.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/18/2019 ngo-22: 14
