UMuskrat, noma i-musk rat (inezindlala ze-musk). Indawo yokuzalwa yalesi silwane yiNyakatho Melika, lapho abantu bayiletha khona ezweni lethu eminyakeni engama-30 yekhulu lama-20. I-muskrat ibambe izimpande kahle futhi yahlala izindawo ezinkulu. Ngokuyisisekelo, izilwane ziyayithanda imizimba yamanzi angenasawoti, kepha futhi ingahlala ezindaweni ezinamachibi amancane namachibi amancane.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
IMuskrat yisilwane esincelisayo esinamagundane esichitha isikhathi esikhulu sempilo yaso emfushane emanzini. Ungukuphela kommeleli wezinhlobo zakhe nohlobo lwamagundane e-muskrat. Inani labo labantu lavela eNyakatho Melika, lapho izilwane zihlala khona kulo lonke izwekazi, futhi abantu baletha imuskrat eRussia, eNyakatho ye-Asia naseYurophu, lapho yahlala khona ngokumangazayo.
Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi ama-voles ayengokhokho be-muskrat. Zazincane kakhulu, futhi amazinyo azo ayengaqinile futhi enamandla njengalawo amagundane e-musk. Izilwane zabe sezisondela eduze naseNyakatho Melika, izinhlobo zaqala ukuthuthela emanzini amancane, bese kuba yimodi yasemanzini yokuphila. Kukholelwa ukuthi lapho-ke izilwane zathuthukisa zonke izici ezithokozisayo ezibavumela ukuthi bahlale emanzini isikhathi eside, okungukuthi:
- umsila omkhulu oyisicaba, lapho cishe kungekho nwele;
- ukwelukwa ngemilenze yangemuva;
- uboya obungangeni manzi;
- ukwakheka okuthakazelisayo komlomo ophezulu, okuvumela ama-incisors angaphambili ukuba adle ulwelwe ngaphansi kwamanzi ngaphandle kokuvula umlomo.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi izilwane zikhule kakhulu ngosayizi ngenxa yokuthi zivumelane ngokwengeziwe nokwakhiwa kwamakhaya azo: imink, amaqhugwane. Usayizi omkhulu uvumela ama-muskrats ukuthi onge amandla awo futhi aqine kakhulu.
Noma ngabe yini umuntu angayisho, konke ukuguqulwa komzimba okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvela kokuvela kwalezi zinhlobo zezilwane kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlelwa kabusha kwaso ngendlela yokuphila yasemanzini.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isilwane uqobo lwaso sinobukhulu obucishe bube uhhafu wemitha noma ngaphezulu, futhi isisindo saso siyahluka kusuka kumagremu angamakhulu ayisikhombisa kuya kuma-kilogram amabili. Isici esithandekayo sokubukeka kwegundane umsila walo, othatha isigamu sobude bomzimba wawo wonke. Ngaphandle, umsila ufana kakhulu nesigwedlo, sisiza isilwane ukuthi sigcine sintanta kahle. UMuskrat ungabhukudi abanekhono. Kulolu daba, akusizi umsila kuphela obasiza, kodwa futhi nolwelwesi emilenzeni yangemuva, obenza babukeke njengezimpiko. Izilwane nazo zitshuza kahle kakhulu futhi zingafika ngaphansi kwamanzi kuze kube yimizuzu engu-17.
Kufanele futhi sigxile noboya balesi silwane esithandekayo. Ayithinteki ngokuphelele ngamanzi, isb. ayinamanzi. Uboya bukhulu futhi buhle, buhlanganisa izingqimba eziningana zoboya, ngisho nengubo yangaphansi. Eduze kwethole kunoboya obukhulu obukhulu futhi obuthambile, kanti ngaphezulu kunezinwele ezinde neziqinile ezikhanyayo nezicwebezelayo. Amanzi awakwazi ukudabula kulezi zingqimba. AmaMuskrats ngaso sonke isikhathi asinake isimo "sejazi loboya" bawo, ahlanze njalo futhi awagcobe ngamafutha akhethekile.
IMuskrat fur inenani elikhulu futhi ingaba yimibala elandelayo:
- onsundu (ovame kakhulu);
- ushokoledi omnyama;
- mnyama (umbala ongajwayelekile).
Udebe olungaphezulu lwe-muskrat alujwayelekile kakhulu, kubonakala sengathi luhlukaniswe lwaba izingxenye ezimbili. Ama-incisors ayabonakala ngabo. Lokhu kusiza isilwane ukuququda futhi sidle izitshalo zasemanzini khona kanye ngomlomo ovalekile, ngenkathi sijule. Ngokungafani nokungaboni kahle kakhulu kanye nomuzwa obuthakathaka wephunga, ukuzwa kwe-muskrat kungamonelwa kalula. Uyamsiza ukuba asabele ngokushesha engozini futhi ahlale eqaphile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Isilwane sinekhanda elincane elinomlomo ocijile. Izindlebe ze-muskrat nazo zincane kakhulu, cishe aziveli, okudala induduzo lapho utshuza. Umzimba wesilwane uyindilinga, ukhuluphele. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphambili ze-muskrat kunezinzwane ezine ezinde ezinezinzipho ezinkulu nelincane elilodwa. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukumba umhlabathi. Iminwe yangemuva - emihlanu, ayinazinzipho ezinde kuphela, kodwa futhi nolwelwesi. Kuyasiza ukubhukuda ngobuciko. Ngokwesayizi, umbala nokubukeka, i-muskrat isiphambano phakathi kwegundane elijwayelekile ne-beaver.
Uhlala kuphi umaskrat?
Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila ephila emanzini, i-muskrat ihlala osebeni lwamachibi, imifula, amachibi anamanzi angenasawoti kanye namaxhaphozi. Igundane lithanda amanzi ahlanzekile, kodwa futhi lihlala emizimbeni yamanzi enamanzi amancane. I-muskrat ayisoze yahlala emanzini amaningi lapho kungekho zimila zasemanzini nezasogwini. Isilwane ngeke sihlale lapho amanzi aba yiqhwa ngokuphelele phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika. Ngokuya ngendawo lapho kuhlala khona isilwane, ukuhlala kwayo nakho kuyahluka futhi kunezici ezahlukahlukene.
Kungaba:
- imigodi - imigudu enemigwaqo eminingi ebukekayo;
- amaqhugwane angaphezulu enziwe ngosilika kanye nohlaza;
- izindawo zokuhlala ezihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zezindlu;
- izindlu ezisebenza njengesiphephelo isikhashana.
Uma ugu lwedamu luphezulu, igundane lingena ngemigodi emincane kulo, umnyango ongaphansi kwamanzi. Endabeni lapho ichibi ligcwele utshani, i-muskrat yakha amaqhugwane ekukhuleni okuxinene kwemihlanga, ama-sedges, ama-cattails, kanye nomhlanga. Igumbi elikhethekile lokudlela (ikamelo) emigodini lihlala lomile futhi alihlangani namanzi.
Isilwane esihlakaniphile sakha ikamelo elengeziwe ngaphezulu kwaleso esiyinhloko, uma kwenzeka izinga lamanzi likhuphuka kakhulu. Kuvela ukuthi indawo yokuhlala umaskrat iyizitezi ezimbili. Ngaphakathi kukhona udoti wobulembu notshani, onganiki nje ukuthamba, kepha futhi uvikela wonke umndeni emakhazeni.
Indawo yokungena emingini ayigodoli, ngoba itholakala ijule kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngisho nasemakhazeni amabi kakhulu angaphansi kuka-zero, izinga lokushisa endlini alihli. Umndeni wonke we-muskrat ulinda amakhaza aqine kakhulu ekhaya lawo elifudumele, elithambile, elomile futhi elilungiswe kahle.
Idla ini i-muskrat?
Ukwakheka kokudla kwe-muskrat ikakhulu kungumsuka wesitshalo. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi yizitshalo zasemanzini, izimpande zazo, izilimo eziyizigaxa, kanye nezihlahlana zasogwini notshani. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa umhlanga, amahhashi, amadada, isedge, njll. Unganqikazi ukwenza imiskrat nokudla kwezilwane, njengama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-mollusk ahlukahlukene, amaxoxo nezinsalela zezilwane ezifile, izinhlanzi.
Ebusika, bavame ukudla izilimo eziyizigaxa nezimpande ezijule ngaphansi kwamanzi. I-muskrat ayenzi ukudla okukhethekile kwesikhathi sasebusika, kepha kwesinye isikhathi yeba ukudla okuvela ezindlini zokugcina ze-beavers. Ngisho neqhugwane lakho lingadliwa ngempumelelo ebusika obunzima, khona-ke i-muskrat izoyilungisa futhi ilungise konke.
Abadobi abaningi baqaphela ukuthi ngesikhathi sokudoba ebusika ngamabhanti, ama-muskrats avame ukukhipha izingwegwe eziphilayo ngqo kwizingwegwe. Entwasahlobo, ama-muskrats athanda ukuzitika ngamahlumela amancane kanye namaqabunga aluhlaza okwedlulele, futhi ekwindla kusetshenziswa imbewu nezimpande ezahlukahlukene. Uma kunezinsimu zezolimo eduze kwendawo ehlala amagundane, khona-ke i-muskrat izothokozela okusanhlamvu nemifino ehlukahlukene ngokujabula okukhulu.
Ngokuvamile, i-muskrat iyisilwane esingaguquguquki, inyathela izindlela lapho ithola khona ukudla kwayo futhi ihambe ngokuqinile kuyo njalo. Uma ukudla kutholakala emanzini, isilwane asivamile ukubhukuda ngaphezu kwamamitha ayishumi nanhlanu ukusuka endaweni esihlala kuyo unomphela. Uma isimo ngokudla ngokuvamile siyinhlekelele, khona-ke i-muskrat ngeke isabhukuda ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-150 ukusuka ekhaya layo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
UMuskrat unamandla futhi uyasebenza cishe ubusuku nemini. Kepha, nokho, isiqongo somsebenzi senzeka kusihlwa nasekuseni kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, owesilisa uthola owesifazane, bobabili basebenza kanzima, bakhe indlu yabo.
Ama-Muskrats angabesilisa oyedwa, ahlala kuma-oda womndeni wonke. Iqembu ngalinye elinjalo linendawo yalo, ebekwa owesilisa ngosizo lwezindlala zakhe ze-inguinal musk. Usayizi wamazwe anje muskrat emndenini wezilwane othile ungamamitha ayi-150. Entwasahlobo, izingane ezivuthiwe ziyasuswa ngaphandle kwensimu ukuze ziqale impilo yazo yabantu abadala.
Futhi, entwasahlobo, abesilisa abavuthiwe bahlala belwa, bethola izindawo ezintsha nabesifazane. Lezi zimpi zinodlame kakhulu futhi zivame ukuholela ekulimaleni okubulalayo. Labo bantu abasala bodwa, abangazitholele umlingani, kufanele babhukude kude ukuze bazitholele indawo yokuhlala entsha, bathuthele nakwamanye amadamu.
Emanzini naku-muskrat uzizwa njengenhlanzi. Ubhukuda ngokushesha okukhulu, angahlala ekujuleni isikhathi eside, efuna ukudla. Emhlabeni, isilwane sibukeka singemnandi futhi kalula singaba isisulu sabantu abangabafuni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubona nephunga kuvame ukwehliswa ngamagundane e-musk, angenakushiwo ngokuzwa, okuzwela kakhulu.
Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokudla abantu phakathi kwe-muskrat. Lokhu kungenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile kwanoma iyiphi insimu nokuntuleka kokudla kwabo bonke abantu. UMuskrat unesibindi futhi unolaka. Uma bezithola besesimweni esingenathemba, lapho bengakwazi ukucasha ngaphansi kwamanzi, khona-ke bangena ekulweni, besebenzisa wonke umdlandla wabo, uzipho olukhulu namazinyo amakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isikhathi sokuphila se-muskrat ezimweni zemvelo sincane futhi sineminyaka emithathu kuphela, yize endaweni yokufakelwa bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi. Izilwane zihlala ngamaqembu wabazali abadala kanye nezinsana ezikhulayo. Ama-Beavers angaba omakhelwane bawo ngaphakathi kwale ndawo kanye nedamu elifanayo. Lezi zinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinokufana okuningi, kokubukeka nokuziphatha.
Ukungqubuzana kwegazi kuvame kakhulu phakathi kwabamele izinhlobo ze-muskrat. abesilisa bavame ukwabelana ngendawo nabesifazane. Isizukulwane esisha esikhishwe ekubhukudeni kwamahhala sinenkinga yokuthola indawo yaso, ukuqala umndeni nokuzinza. Ngokuqondene nomndeni kanye nenzalo, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi i-muskrat inamandla kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, insikazi ithola inzalo kabili ngonyaka. Lapho kufudumele khona, lokhu kungenzeka izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha cishe inyanga.
Udoti owodwa ungaba namazinyane ayi-6 - 7. Lapho zizalwa, azinabo nhlobo unwele futhi aziboni lutho, zibukeka zincane futhi zinesisindo esingeqile kumagremu angama-25. Insikazi incelisa izingane zayo cishe izinsuku ezingama-35. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, sebevele bazimele, kepha bahlala ebusika ekhaya labazali babo.
Ubaba ubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekukhuliseni izingane, enethonya elikhulu kuzo. Entwasahlobo, abantu abasha kuzofanele bashiye isidleke sabo ukuze bahlele impilo yabo. AmaMuskrats avuthwe ngokuphelele ngezinyanga eziyi-7 - 12, ngoba isikhathi sabo sempilo sifushane.
Izitha zemvelo ze-muskrat
I-muskrat inezitha eziningi, zombili nasemanzini. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zilwane zisakazeke impela, zisebenza njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile ekudleni kwezilwane ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene.
Emanzini, i-muskrat ayisengozini kangako kunasogwini, kepha nalapho ingabhekana nengozi. Isitha esikhohlisayo nesishesha kakhulu lapha yi-mink, ebuye ilawulwe ngobuhlakani emanzini futhi ingene ukusuka ekujuleni kwemingxunya yemisipha ukuze ibambe amawundlu ayo. I-Ilka noma i-marten yokudoba nayo ibeka usongo ku-muskrat ovela entweni yamanzi. Emanzini, i-otter, i-alligator ngisho ne-pike enkulu ingahlasela i-muskrat.
Lapho ifika ogwini, i-muskrat iba budlabha, umsila wayo omude lapha uyinika ukungaphatheki kahle futhi unezela nobuxhakaxhaka. Phakathi kwabahlaseli abangafanelekile be-muskrat, ungathola: i-raccoon, impungushe, inja ye-raccoon, i-coyote ngisho nenja ejwayelekile elahlekile. Ezimweni ezingavamile, impisi, izingulube zasendle kanye nebhere kungahlasela i-muskrat.
Ukusuka emoyeni, i-muskrat nayo ingahlaselwa yizinyoni zezilwane ezinjenge-barn owl, harrier ne-hawk. Ngisho nemagpie ejwayelekile noma igwababa kungadala umonakalo ongalungiseki ezinganeni ezisakhula.
Imvamisa i-muskrat igcinwa ngokungena ezinzulwini, ngaphansi kwamanzi, lapho ihamba ngobuciko, ibhukuda ngokushesha futhi ingahlala ekujuleni okungaba imizuzu eyi-17. Uma ukushayisana kungenakugwemeka, khona-ke i-muskrat ilwa kanzima, ivikela ngokuqinile yona kanye nenzalo yayo, ngoba uzipho namazinyo kusiza emzabalazweni onzima.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani le-muskrat likhulu impela. Kusabalele ezingxenyeni ezehlukene zomhlaba. Kusuka ezweni lakubo eNyakatho Melika, lesi silwane sivele kwamanye amazwe, lapho sizizwa sikhulu futhi siqinile. UMuskrat angahlala emazweni womabili ashisayo nasemazweni anezimo zezulu ezinzima.
Ngenxa yokungathobeki kwabo, baguquguquka kalula futhi bande ngokushesha. Isimo esinjalo siyaziwa, umsuka ososayensi abangakakwazi ukuwuchaza: njalo eminyakeni eyi-6-10, inani le-muskrat lincipha kakhulu futhi lishesha njengombani. Isizathu salokhu kuncipha okujikelezayo asikakasungulwa. Kuhle ukuthi amagundane amanzi avundile kakhulu, ngakho-ke azithola ngokushesha izinombolo zawo zangaphambilini ngemuva kokwehla okunjalo.
AmaMuskrats ajwayela kahle ekuguqukeni kwezimo zokuhlala futhi azivumelanisa ngokuphelele nayo yonke indawo eduze kwezinhlobo zamanzi amasha ahlanzekile, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wokuphila kwalezi zilwane ezithakazelisayo. Esinye sezimo ezibalulekile zokuba khona kwamagundane e-musk emzimbeni othile wamanzi ukungabi yiqhwa kuya phansi emakhazeni asebusika kanye nenani elanele lezitshalo zasemanzini nezasogwini ezidingekayo ukondla izilwane.
Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isilwane esingajwayelekile njenge-muskrat sinomthelela omkhulu esimweni sedamu elihlala kulo. Kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ku-eco-chain. Uma i-muskrat ichachamba, ichibi lizokhula kakhulu futhi likhule kakhulu, okuzoba nomthelela omubi endaweni yezinhlanzi, futhi omiyane abaningi bangazala. Ukuze, muskrat isebenza njengohlobo lwesikhulu senhlanzeko echibini, okuthi, ngomsebenzi walo obalulekile, lithinte isimo semvelo yemvelo esizungeze isilwane.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.01.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 17.09.2019 ngo-12: 03
