Intshe yase-Afrika (IStruthio camelus) iyinyoni emangalisayo ngezindlela eziningi. Luhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwezinyoni, lubeka amarekhodi amaqanda amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintshe zihamba ngesivinini esikhulu kunazo zonke ezinye izinyoni, zifinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-65-70 km / h.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: intshe yase-Afrika
Intshe ukuphela kwelungu eliphilayo lomndeni wakwaStruthionidae nohlobo lweStruthio. Izintshe zabelana ngesikwati sabo iStruthioniformes nama-emu, i-rhea, i-kiwi namanye ama-ratites - izinyoni ezinamabele abushelelezi (ama-ratite). Imivubukulo yokuqala yenyoni enjengentshe etholakala eJalimane ikhonjwa njengeCentot European European Paleotis evela e-Middle Eocene - inyoni engandizeli 1.2 m ukuphakama.
Ividiyo: intshe yase-Afrika
Okutholakele okufanayo kumadiphozithi e-Eocene ase-Europe kanye naseMoycene deposits yase-Asia kukhombisa ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwentshe esikhaleni kusuka eminyakeni engu-56.0 kuya ku-33.9 million edlule ngaphandle kwe-Afrika:
- ezwekazini laseNdiya;
- e-Front nase-Asia Ephakathi;
- eningizimu yeMpumalanga Yurophu.
Ososayensi bavumile ukuthi okhokho abantizayo bezintshe zanamuhla babengabagijimi abasebenza phansi futhi abahle kakhulu. Ukuqothulwa kwezibankwa zasendulo kancane kancane kwaholela ekunyamalaleni komncintiswano wokudla, ngakho-ke izinyoni zaba nkulu, futhi nekhono lokundiza lavele layeka ukudingeka.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: izintshe zase-Afrika
Izintshe zihlukaniswa njengama-ratites - izinyoni ezingezona ezindizayo, ezine-sternum eyisicaba ngaphandle kwe-keel, lapho imisipha yamaphiko inamathele kwezinye izinyoni. Lapho unonyaka owodwa ubudala, izintshe zinesisindo esingaba ngu-45 kg. Isisindo senyoni esikhulile sisukela ku-90 kuye ku-130 kg. Ukukhula kwabesilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi (kusuka eminyakeni engu-2-4) kusuka kumamitha ayi-1.8 kuye ku-2.7, nakwabesifazane - kusuka ku-1.7 kuye kumamitha amabili. Isikhathi esiphilwa yintshe iminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengama-40, yize kukhona izibindi ezinde eziphila eminyakeni engama-50.
Imilenze eqinile yentshe ayinazo izimpaphe. Le nyoni inezinzwani ezimbili ngonyawo ngalunye (ngenkathi izinyoni eziningi zinezine), kanti isithonjana sangaphakathi sifana nezinselo. Lesi sici samathambo savela enkathini yokuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi sinquma amakhono amahle kakhulu we-sprint wezintshe. Imilenze yemisipha isiza isilwane ukuba sisheshe sifinyelele ku-70 km / h. Amaphiko ezintshe anesikhala esingamamitha amabili awazange asetshenziselwe ukundiza ezigidini zeminyaka. Kepha izimpiko ezinkulu ziheha abalingani phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana futhi zinikeze izinkukhu umthunzi.
Izintshe ezindala zikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okumangazayo futhi zingamelana namazinga okushisa aze afike kuma-56 ° C ngaphandle kwengcindezi enkulu.
Izimpaphe ezithambile nezixegayo zamadoda amadala ikakhulu zimnyama, nezeluleko ezimhlophe ekugcineni kwamaphiko nomsila. Abesifazane nabesilisa abasebancane banombala onsundu ngokumpunga. Ikhanda nentamo yezintshe cishe zinqunu, kepha zimbozwe ungqimba oluncane lwaphansi. Amehlo entshe afinyelela usayizi wamabhiliyade amabhola. Zithatha indawo eningi ogebhezini lokuthi ubuchopho bentshe bube buncane kunanoma iliphi iso laso. Yize iqanda lentshe lingelikhulu kunawo wonke amaqanda, likude kunendawo yokuqala ngobukhulu benyoni uqobo lwayo. Iqanda elinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ambalwa lisinda nge-1% kunowesifazane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, iqanda le-kiwi, elikhulu kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nomama, linama-15-20% esisindo somzimba wakhe.
Ihlala kuphi intshe?
Isithombe: Intshe emnyama
Ukwehluleka ukundiza kukhawulela indawo yokuhlala yentshe yase-Afrika ezindaweni ezingama-savanna, amathafa asenkangala kanye nezindawo ezivulekile ezinotshani e-Afrika. Esimweni semvelo esishisayo sehlathi, le nyoni imane nje ingakwazi ukubona usongo ngesikhathi. Kepha esikhaleni esivulekile, imilenze eqinile nokubona okuhle kakhulu kuvumela intshe ukuthi ithole kalula futhi ifice izilwane eziningi ezizingelayo.
Izinhlobo ezine ezihlukene zentshe zihlala ezwenikazi eliseningizimu yoGwadule iSahara. Intshe yaseNyakatho Afrika ihlala enyakatho ye-Afrika: kusuka ogwini olusentshonalanga kuya ezindaweni ezingasempumalanga. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezintshe zaseSomaliya nezamaMasai zihlala engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwekazi. Intshe yaseSomalia isatshalaliswa nasenyakatho yeMaasai, oPhondweni lwe-Afrika. Intshe yaseNingizimu Afrika ihlala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika.
Omunye umhlobo owaziwayo, i-Middle East noma i-Arabia intshe, watholakala ezingxenyeni zaseSyria naseNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia muva nje ngo-1966. Abamele bayo babengaphansi kancane ngosayizi wentshe yaseNyakatho Afrika. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokwesulwa okuqinile, ukuzingelwa kwabantu ngokuzingela okukhulu nokusetshenziswa kwezibhamu kule ndawo, ama-subspecies aqothulwe ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba.
Idliwa yini intshe yase-Afrika?
Isithombe: Izinyoni ezingenamaphiko ezondayo zentshe yase-Afrika
Isisekelo sokudla kwentshe yizinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezinobuthi, imbewu, izihlahla, izithelo, izimbali, amaqanda kanye nezithelo. Kwesinye isikhathi isilwane sibamba izinambuzane, izinyoka, izibankwa, amagundane amancane, i.e. inyamazane abangayigwinya iphelele. Ezinyangeni ezomile ikakhulukazi, intshe ingakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwamanzi izinsuku ezimbalwa, yaneliswe umswakama oqukethe izitshalo.
Njengoba izintshe zinamandla okugaya ukudla, okusetshenziselwa ukugwinya amatshe amatshe amancane, futhi kungonakali ngobuningi bezimila, zingadla lokho ezinye izilwane ezingakwazi ukukugaya. Izintshe "zidla" cishe yonke into eza ngendlela yazo, imvamisa zigwinya ama-bullet cartridges, amabhola egalofu, amabhodlela nezinye izinto ezincane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Iqembu lezintshe lase-Afrika
Ukuze iphile, intshe yase-Afrika iphila impilo yokuzulazula, ihamba njalo ifuna amajikijolo anele, amakhambi, imbewu nezinambuzane. Imiphakathi yentshe ivame ukukhempa eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, ngakho-ke ingabonakala kaningi eduze kwezindlovu nezinyamazane. Kulaba bokugcina, indawo enjalo izuzisa ikakhulukazi, ngoba ukukhala okukhulu kwentshe kuvame ukuxwayisa izilwane ngengozi engaba khona.
Phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, izinyoni zizulazula ngazimbili noma zizodwa, kodwa ngenkathi yokuzalanisa nangesikhathi sezimvula, ngokungaguquguquki zakha amaqembu abantu abahlanu kuya kwabayikhulu. La maqembu avame ukuhamba ngemuva kweminye imfuyo edla imfuyo. Eyesilisa eyodwa eyinhloko ibusa eqenjini futhi ivikele insimu. Angaba nowesifazane oyedwa noma ngaphezulu ovelele.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Intshe yase-Afrika enenzalo
Izintshe zivame ukuhlala ngamaqembu abantu aba-5-10. Ekhanda lomhlambi kukhona owesilisa ovelele, oqapha indawo ehlala abantu, nowesifazane wakhe. Isimpawu sokuxwayisa esikhulu nesijule sowesilisa kusuka kude kungenzeka ukuthi kunephutha lokubhonga kwengonyama. Esikhathini esivumelana nokuzalanisa (kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba), owesilisa wenza umdanso wokukhwelana ngokwesiko, ushwiba amaphiko akhe nezimpaphe zomsila. Uma okhethiwe esekela, owesilisa ulungisa umgodi ongajulile ukuhlomisa isidleke, lapho owesifazane ezobeka khona amaqanda angaba ngu-7-10.
Iqanda ngalinye lingu-15 cm ubude futhi linesisindo esingu-1.5 kg. Amaqanda enciniba makhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni!
Izithandani ezishadayo zichamisela amaqanda ngokulandelana. Ukugwema ukutholakala kwesidleke, amaqanda afukanyelwa abesifazane emini nabesilisa ebusuku. Iqiniso ukuthi izimpaphe ezimpunga, eziqondayo zezinsikazi ziyahlangana nesihlabathi, kanti owesilisa omnyama ucishe angabonakali ebusuku. Uma amaqanda engagcinwa ekuhlaselweni izimpisi, izimpungushe namanqe, amaphuphu azalwa ngemuva kwamasonto ayisithupha. Izintshe zizalwa zilingana nenkukhu futhi zikhula cishe amasentimitha angama-30 njalo ngenyanga! Ngezinyanga eziyisithupha, izintshe ezincane zifinyelela kubukhulu babazali bazo.
Izitha zemvelo zentshe yase-Afrika
Isithombe: intshe yase-Afrika
Ngokwemvelo, izintshe zinezitha ezimbalwa, ngoba le nyoni ihlome nge-arsenal ehlaba umxhwele: izidladla ezinamandla ezinamazipho, amaphiko aqinile kanye nomlomo. Izintshe ezikhulile azivamisile ukudliwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye, kuphela uma zikwazi ukuqamekela inyoni igaqele bese ihlasela ngokuzuma ngemuva. Imvamisa, ingozi isongela imikhuhlane enamazinyane kanye namantshontsho asanda kuzalwa.
Ngaphezu kwezimpungushe, izimpisi, namanqe acekela phansi izidleke, amatshwele angakwazi ukuzivikela ahlaselwa amabhubesi, izingwe nezinja zase-Afrika zempisi. Amachwane asanda kuzalwa angenakho ukuzivikela angadliwa yinoma yimuphi umhlaseli. Ngakho-ke, izintshe zifunde ubuqili. Ngengozi nje encane, ziwela phansi ziqandeke zinganyakazi. Bacabanga ukuthi amaphuphu afile, izidlozi ziyabadlula.
Yize intshe endala ikwazi ukuzivikela ezitheni eziningi, uma kwenzeka ingozi ikhetha ukubaleka. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izintshe zikhombisa lokho kuziphatha ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokufukamela kuphela. Bafaka imikhuhlane futhi banakekele izingane zabo kamuva, baphenduka babe ngabazali abanesibindi nabanolaka. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, akunakubuzwa ngokushiya isidleke.
Intshe iphendula ngokushesha kunoma iluphi usongo olungase lube khona. Ukwesabisa isitha, le nyoni ivula amaphiko ayo, futhi, uma kunesidingo, igijimela isitha isinyathele ngezidladla zayo. Ngokushaya kube kanye, intshe endala ingaphuka kalula ugebhezi lwanoma yisiphi isilwane esidliwayo, ingeze kulokhu ijubane elikhulu kakhulu lenyoni elikhula ngokwemvelo. Akekho umuntu ohlala kule ndawo eyihlanze olokotha alwe nentshe. Bambalwa kuphela abasizakala ngokungaboni kahle kwale nyoni.
Izimpisi namakhanka ahlela ukuhlasela kwangempela kwezidleke zentshe kanti ngenkathi ezinye ziphazamisa ukunaka kwesisulu, ezinye zintshontsha iqanda ngemuva.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Intshe emnyama
Ngekhulu le-18, izimpaphe zentshe zazithandwa kakhulu kwabesifazane kangangokuba izintshe zaqala ukunyamalala eNyakatho Afrika. Ukube bekungekona ukuzalaniswa kokuzenzela, okwaqala ngo-1838, inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngalesi sikhathi ngabe ngabe isinyamalale ngokuphelele.
Njengamanje, intshe yase-Afrika ibhalwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN Red List, njengoba inani labantu basendle lincipha ngokuya ngokuya. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba zisongelwa ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokungenelela kwabantu: ukunwetshwa kwezolimo, ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ezintsha nemigwaqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zisazingelwa izimpaphe, isikhumba, inyama yentshe, amaqanda namafutha, okukholelwa ukuthi eSomalia kwelapha ingculazi nesifo sikashukela.
Ukuvikelwa kwentshe yase-Afrika
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani intshe yase-Afrika
Abantu bentshe yase-Afrika yasendle, ngenxa yokugxambukela komuntu emvelweni yemvelo kanye nokushushiswa okungapheli, abhekene nakho ezwenikazi, hhayi nje kuphela ngezimpaphe ezibalulekile, kepha nangokwenziwa kwamaqanda nenyama yokudla, kuyehla kancane kancane. Eminyakeni eyikhulu nje eyedlule, izintshe zazihlala kuyo yonke indawo eseSahara - futhi lawa amazwe angama-18. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sibalo sehle safinyelela ku-6. Ngisho nakulezi zifundazwe eziyisithupha, le nyoni ibhekene nobunzima bokuphila.
I-SCF - iSahara Conservation Fund, yenze isimemezelo emhlabeni wonke ukuthi kusindiswe lesi sizwe esiyingqayizivele futhi kubuyiselwe intshe endle. Kuze kube manje, iSahara Conservation Fund kanye nabalingani bayo sebenze igxathu elibonakalayo ekuvikeleni intshe yase-Afrika. Inhlangano yathatha izinyathelo eziningi zokwakha izakhiwo ezintsha zezinkulisa, yabamba uchungechunge lwezingxoxo ngokuzalela izinyoni ekuthunjweni, futhi yanikeza usizo eNiger National Zoo ekuzaleni izintshe.
Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwephrojekthi, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokwakha inkulisa egcwele esigodini saseKelle empumalanga yezwe. Ngenxa yokusekelwa nguMnyango Wezemvelo waseNiger, inqwaba yezinyoni ezifuyiwe ezindaweni zokukhuliswa kwezinkukhu zikhishwe ezindaweni ezigcinwe kuzwelonke endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Bona okwamanje Intshe yase-Afrika kungenzeka hhayi ezwenikazi lase-Afrika kuphela. Yize inani elikhulu lamapulazi okuzalanisa izintshe likhona lapho - eRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika. Namuhla amapulazi ezintshe atholakala eMelika, eYurophu naseRussia imbala. Amapulazi amaningi asekhaya "e-safari" amema izivakashi ukuba zijwayelane nenyoni eziqhenyayo futhi emangalisayo ngaphandle kokushiya izwe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 22.01.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/18/2019 ngo-20: 35
