Esikhathini esifudumele, lapho abantu beya ezweni noma beya ehlathini ukuyofuna amakhowe, ngephutha bangahlangana nenyoka. Futhi, yize kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zezinyoka esifundeni saseLeningrad naseSt. Petersburg, phakathi kwazo kukhona ezinobuthi. Ngakho-ke, izakhamizi zasehlobo, kanye nabavuni bamakhowe, abazingeli nabathandi bokuvakasha ezweni, ngeke balimaze ukuthola ukuthi izinyoka ezingenabungozi zihluke kanjani kulezo eziyingozi nokuthi kufanele ziziphathe kanjani uma zihlangana ngephutha nalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ehlathini, ensimini noma ngisho nasezindlini zazo.
Izinyoka ezinobuthi
Ezinhlotsheni ezinobuthi zezinyoka esifundeni saseLeningrad, kungatholakala kuphela inyoka ejwayelekile, indawo esatshalaliswa ebanzi kangangokuba kwezinye izindawo ingena ngisho nase-Arctic Circle.
Inyoka evamile
Le nyoka, ethokozela ukwaziwa njengesidalwa esinonya futhi esikhohlisayo futhi eyomndeni wezinyoka, ngokungafani nezinhlobo zayo ezihlobene nayo, ithanda izindawo ezibandayo noma izinze ezindaweni eziphakeme.
Inyoka evamile ayinkulu ngosayizi: ubude bomzimba wayo abuvamile ukudlula amasentimitha angama-65. Isisindo somuntu omdala singaba ngamagremu angama-50-180. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abesilisa, imvamisa, bancane ngosayizi kunabesifazane, okungukuthi, futhi, bahlukile ngombala kubo.
Umzimba wenyoka ujiyile phakathi, kepha uthinta ngomsila, ogobile ngendlela yekhefana.
Ikhanda eliyindilinga elikhulukazi, elingunxantathu lihlukanisiwe nomzimba ngenqubo yomlomo wesibeletho efinyeziwe. Ukhakhayi luyisicaba kusuka phezulu, isifonyo sifushane, siyindilinga kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini. Ama-angles wesikhashana, endaweni lapho kutholakala khona izindlala ezinobuthi, zimakwe kahle futhi zinikeza ikhanda lale nyoka isimo esici. Izinhlangothi ezisemaceleni zekhanda lenyoka ejwayelekile zibonakala ziyisicaba futhi zicishe zime mpo.
Engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda lesilwane esihuquzelayo, imikhuba emithathu emikhulu ibonakala ngokusobala: ingaphambili elilodwa, elitholakala phakathi kwamehlo, nezimbili zeparietali, ezingemuva kwalo. Izihlangu ezibhangqiwe ze-supraorbital zilenga phezu kwamehlo enyoka, kuhlanganiswe nabafundi abancane abame mpo, zinikeza inyoka ukubonakaliswa okunolaka. Ukuvuleka kwamakhala kutholakala kupuleti lamakhala elisezansi kwesifonyo. Ingemuva lekhanda nawo wonke umzimba wenyoka evamile umbozwe izikali ezincanyana ezinama-horny.
Umbala wale nyoka ungahluka kakhulu: omnyama, osiliva-mhlophe, ophuzi-beige, onsundu-umnqumo nobomvu obomvu. Kulokhu, abesilisa badwetshwe ngamathoni anombala ompunga, bese kuthi abesifazane babe nsundu ngokukhanyayo.
Umhlane ongenhla walolu hlobo lwesilwane esihuquzelayo uvame ukumbozwa ngephethini, okuyizinhlobonhlobo zemivimbo namabala, okujwayelekile kakhulu kuyiphethini ye-zigzag noma yedayimane. Ngasikhathi sinye, emadodeni inombala omnyama ompunga noma omnyama futhi ubukeka uqhathanise kakhulu nesizinda esimpunga esincane. Kwabesifazane, iphethini inombala onsundu futhi ayivelanga kangako.
Inyoka ejwayelekile ivame ukuzivumelanisa nanoma ikuphi ukukhululeka ngakho-ke itholakala cishe yonke indawo: emahlathini, emasimini nasemadlelweni, ekuhlanzeni, eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi.
Bahlala futhi eduze komuntu, ngokwesibonelo, emapulazini, ezingadini zemifino nasezakhiweni ezilahliwe. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoka ezijwayelekile zikhuphukela ngisho nasemakamelweni angaphansi emizi yangasese emaphandleni noma ezindlwaneni zasehlobo.
Zivuka cishe maphakathi nentwasahlobo, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zikhasa ziye ematsheni, kwiziphunzi nasezihlahleni eziwile zifudunyezwe yilanga, lapho zifudumeza khona isikhathi eside, zilele zinganyakazi futhi zelula izimbambo zazo eceleni. Kodwa-ke, umuntu akadingi ukuzikhohlisa ngokuphumula kwakhe okucabangayo: ngalesi sikhathi, inyoka ibheka ngokucophelela imvelo ezungezile futhi ngokushesha lapho isisulu esingaba yisisulu noma usongo olungenzeka luvele eduze, ingahle ihlasele isisulu esingalindelekile, noma izame ngokushesha ukuphunyuka esitheni.
Inyoka le idla amagundane amancane, kanye nezibankwa nama-amphibian, kodwa futhi ingabhubhisa izidleke zezinyoni zilele phansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inyoka cishe ayiwaphuzi amanzi, ngoba igcwalisa uketshezi lomzimba oluvela egazini lesilwane sayo. Kodwa-ke, kunobufakazi bokuthi inyoka evamile ingakhotha amazolo otshanini noma iphuze amaconsi amanzi lapho lina.
Unezitha eziningi endle, lokhu kufaka izimpungushe, ama-badger, ama-ferrets, izingulube zasendle, izinyoni ezidla inyama kanye nama-hedgehogs, okuthi, noma zingazidli lezi zinyoka, zivame ukuzibulala.
Ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho izinyoka ezivamile zinenkathi yokuzalanisa, ungabona kaningi imiphimbo yalezi zinyoka, yize, ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, lesi silwanyane sikhetha ukuphila impilo yodwa.
I-viper ingeyizilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezi-viviparous: abesifazane balezi zinhlobo bathwala amaqanda, kepha esibelethweni sikanina, amawundlu aqanduselwa kubo. Inyoka le ikhiqiza cishe izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokukhwelana. Ubude bezinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa bungu-15-20 cm, futhi yize izinyoka ezincane zingabonakala zingenabungozi futhi zizinhle, akufanele zithintwe noma kanjani, ngoba zinobuthi kusukela zizalwa.
Okubalulekile! Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, inyoka ayinalo nolaka futhi ngeke ibe eyokuqala ukuhlasela umuntu, kepha uma imthinta, iyozivikela futhi ikwazi ukuluma.
Isikhathi sokuphila sale nyoka yiminyaka eyi-12-15 endle, kuyilapho izinyoka ezigcinwe kuma-terrarium zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20-30.
Izinyoka ezingenabuthi
Ezinhlotsheni ezingezona ezinobuthi zezinyoka esifundeni saseLeningrad, ungathola i-copperhead nenyoka ejwayelekile. Zombili lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zingezomndeni osevele umile.
I-copperhead evamile
Inyoka engenabuthi engohlobo lweCopperheads, ngaphandle kwayo, ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ezingezayo.
Ubude bomzimba wale nyoka abukho ngaphezu kuka-60-70 cm, kanti abesilisa bancane ngosayizi.
Isikali esingemuva kwesirhubuluzi singapendwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene - kusuka kokumpunga okunsundu ngokuphuzi nonsundu ngokubomvu ngethinti yethusi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amakhophi anombala ocishe ube mnyama. Ngasikhathi sinye, engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba kungahle kube khona ichashaza elingacaci kahle noma izindawo ezincane ezifiphalisiwe.
Isisu se-copperheads imvamisa siyimpunga noma mpunga-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha futhi singafakwa umbala kwamanye amathoni, ngisho nokubomvu okunsundu. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinyoka zinamabala amnyama noma amachashaza engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba.
Inhloko iyindilinga kakhulu kunaleyo yenyoka futhi ibukeka imile okweqanda kunonxantathu. Umbala wamehlo weCopperhead unombala osagolide noma obomvu.
Ngokungafani nezinyoka ezinobuthi, umfundi we-copperhead uyindilinga, hhayi mpo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwesilwane esihuquzelayo lubonakala ngemigqa emnyama esentanjeni yamehlo futhi esedlula isifonyo isiya emathempelini, ngenxa yokuthi ikhanda lethusi lingahlukaniswa kalula nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka.
ICopperheads, ehola indlela yokuphila yasemini, iyasebenza kakhulu. Zincamela ukuhlala emaphethelweni ehlathi, ekuhlanzeni, ekuhlanzeni, kuyilapho imingxunya yezibankwa kanye namagundane, kanye nezikhala ngaphansi kwamatshe, zisetshenziswa njengezindawo zokukhosela. Futhi zingena ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla eziwile, kanye nasemifantwini yamatshe.
Isikhathi sazo sokuzala ngokuvamile siwela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, kuthi ehlobo insikazi yekhanda lethusi izalele amaqanda ama-2 kuye kwangama-15 anamagobolondo amancane, okuvela kuwo ngokushesha amawundlu aphilayo, ubude bomzimba bawo obungu-10 kuya ku-20 cm. Iminyaka engu-3-5.
Lezi zinyoka zidla ama-vertebrate amancane: izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izinyoni, amagundane. Kuyenzeka ukuthi zidle ezinye izinyoka, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho zohlobo lwazo.
I-copperhead efanayo nayo kufanele ixwaye izingulube zasendle, ama-martens, ama-hedgehogs, amagundane nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama. Futhi izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zidinga ukugwema ukuhlangana nexoxo lotshani, nakho okungekubi ukuzidla.
Isikhathi sokuphila sale nhlobo yenyoka, ngokwesilinganiso, yiminyaka eyi-12.
ICopperheads ayithandi ukuhlangana nabantu futhi izama ukucasha ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokushesha lapho ibabona. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu ezama ukuyibamba, le nyoka izomelana ngokuqinile: ihlabe ikhwelo futhi yenze sengathi isizoshaya ngamandla, futhi uma lokhu kungasebenzi, ikhanda lethusi lizosebenzisa uketshezi olunephunga elingathandeki, olukhiqizwa yizinhlayiya ezisemuva komzimba.
Okuvamile vele
Abantu abaningi badida izinyoka ezingenabungozi nezinyoka, kepha akunzima kangako ukuhlukanisa lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinyoka ezinobuthi. Ekhanda lezinyoka, kuvame ukuba nezimpawu ezinemibala efana nezindawo ezimbili ezilinganayo ezinombala ophuzi, okungajwayelekile imibala ewolintshi noma emhlophe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfundi wabo uyindilinga, hhayi mpo.
Izinyoka azivamile ukukhula ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5, kepha abesifazane balezi zinhlobo bangafinyelela osayizi abakhulu - amamitha ayi-2.5-3. Isikali esisemzimbeni wenyoka sinombala ompunga noma omnyama ngebala, isisu sinombala okhanyayo - mhlophe qwa noma mpofu. Awekho amaphethini cishe engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wezinyoka, ngaphandle kokubhalwa kwemithunzi kwezinye izikali. Esiswini, kungahle kube nezimpawu zombala onsundu onombala we-marsh.
Ikhanda lenyoka lingunxantathu ngokuma, liyisicaba engxenyeni engenhla, isifonyo siwurawule kancane. Ngaphambili, ikhanda limbozwe ngezihlangu ezinkulu kakhulu, futhi ukusuka ngemuva kwekhanda - nezikali.
Izinyoka zitholakala yonke indawo eYurophu, zigwema kuphela izindawo ezibandayo neze-circumpolar.
Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zithanda ukuhlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi - ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni ezisogwini. Bangakwazi futhi ukuhlala eduze kwabantu: ezingadini zemifino, ezindaweni okulahlwa kuzo udoti, ezikhungweni ezakhiwayo nasezindlini eziphansi zezindlu ezizimele noma ezindlwaneni zasehlobo.
Ngaphandle kokuthi akasabeli ukwesaba umuntu, lapho ehlangana nabantu, yena uqobo uzama ukukhasa azifihle.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uma ubamba inyoka, izoqala ukuhayiza bese izenza ngathi iyahlasela, uma lokhu kungasizi, lapho-ke ingazama ukwethusa isitha ngoketshezi olujiyile olunephunga elibi, elifihlwa yizindlala ezikhethekile, esimweni esifanayo, uma lokhu kungasebenzi, izokwenza sengathi ifile ...
Uma ushiya inyoka iyodwa, izophila futhi isheshe ikhase ebhizinisini layo. Kepha uma umuntu engahambi, lesi silwane esinwabuzelayo singazenza ngathi sifile ihora noma amabili.
Idla kakhulu izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini: ama-newts, ondiwani kanye nezinja, kepha isitshulu esithandayo kakhulu amasele. Kodwa-ke, ingazingela nezinambuzane, izinyoni ezincane kanye namagundane. Izinyoka zibhukuda kahle, ziyashesha futhi cishe njalo zifica isisulu sazo.
Lezi zinyoka ziyazala, imvamisa entwasahlobo, kuthi ehlobo zizalele amaqanda ayi-8 kuye kwangama-30. Ukwakhiwa kwezinyoka kwenziwa ezindaweni ezinomswakama nezifudumele: ezinqwabeni ze-humus, amaqabunga awile noma i-peat. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaba ngu-1-2, amawundlu, asevele ekulungele ngokuphelele impilo ezimele, aqanduselwa emaqandeni, ubukhulu bawo obungu-15-20 cm.
Izinyoka zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eminyakeni engama-3-5, kanti isikhathi sokuphila kwazo cishe seminyaka engama-20.
Ukuziphatha kwenyoka
Abantu kudala babheka izinyoka njengezidalwa eziyingozi nezikhohlisayo, kepha, empeleni, izinyoka eziningi zinokuthula okukhulu futhi azisoze zahlasela umuntu kuqala, ngaphandle uma ezama ukuzijaha noma ukuzibulala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma iyiphi inyoka izozama ukukhasa yodwa, ingezwa nhlobo izinyathelo zabantu abasondela kuyo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme ukushayisana okungathandeki nalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo, udinga ukulandela imithetho elula yokuziphatha ehlathini, ensimini futhi ngokujwayelekile, noma yikuphi lapho ungahlangana nenyoka khona.
- Ukuhamba ezindaweni ezicatshangelwayo ezihuquzelayo kufanele kube ukuze umsindo wezinyathelo uzwakale kahle. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi umsindo awufakwanga lapho uhamba ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi noma endaweni emanzi yokulima. Ngakho-ke, ukuze unganyatheli inyoka ngephutha, udinga ukubheka ngokucophelela izinyawo zakho kulezi zindawo.
- Ngaphambi kokuphuma uye emaphandleni, kufanele ugqoke ngendlela efanele: kuma-ovaloli, amabhulukwe amade noma aqinile, afakwe emabhuthini enjoloba afika emadolweni. Kulokhu, noma ngabe inyoka iyaluma, kunamathuba amaningi okuthi ngeke ikwazi ukubhoboza izicathulo nezingubo ngamazinyo ayo, ngakho-ke, ilimaze umuntu.
- Uma kube nomhlangano ongalindelekile nenyoka, awudingi ukuthi umemeze, uphakamise izingalo zakho, noma, ikakhulukazi, ujikeleze isilwane esihuquzelayo ngenduku noma enye into. Udinga ukuma ngokuthula bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho isilwane sikhasa sishiye ibhizinisi laso.
- Akufanele, uqaphele inyoka, usondele kuyo noma, noma kunjalo, uzame ukuyibamba. Ngokuvamile, yonke inyoka etholwayo kufanele ibhekwe njengengaba yingozi futhi iphathwe ngokuqapha, izama ukugwema ukushayisana okuvulekile nesirhubuluzi.
- Ehlathini nanoma yikuphi lapho kungahle kube khona izinyoka, udinga ukuthi uqaphele. Ngaphambi kokuhlala esiqwini sesihlahla noma itshe eliwile, udinga ukubhekisisa ngokucophelela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ayikho inyoka lapho.
- Kuyenzeka ukuthi izinyoka zingene ehlathini ematendeni ezivakashi noma ezikhwameni zokulala. Kulokhu, into esemqoka ukwethuka isilwane esirhubuluzayo futhi ungazami ukusibulala. Ngemuva kwakho konke, naye uzizwa engakhululekile lapho kukhona umuntu, ngakho-ke, uma ungamlimazi, yena ngokwakhe uzoshesha ukushiya itende bese ecasha nabantu.
Okubalulekile! Izinyoka ezihlala esifundeni saseLeningrad nasezindaweni eziseduze naseSt. Petersburg azinabo ubuthi obubulalayo kubantu, ngisho nokulunywa yizinyoka kungaba yingozi kuphela ezinganeni ezisencane noma kubantu abanezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.
Kodwa-ke, ukulunywa yinyoka, noma kungeyona into enesihlungu, akuyona into emnandi, ikakhulukazi ngoba amazinyo ezihuquzelayo awananzalo futhi nesilonda abasifakile singatheleleka. Yingakho kungafanele uzame ukulimaza ngisho nezinyoka ezaziwayo ezingenabungozi njengezinyoka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo, ezivame ukubonakala zihle kancane kubantu, empeleni ziyizixhumanisi ezidingekayo ku-ecosystem yesifunda, ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukubulala izinyoka ngoba ukubukeka kwazo kungakhuthazi ukuzethemba.
