Izinyoka ezihlala endaweni yaseCaucasus zihluke kakhulu, zimelelwe ngobuthi futhi azinabungozi, ezasemanzini nezasemhlabeni, ezinkulu neziphakathi noma ezincane ngosayizi. Lokhu kwehlukahluka kungenxa yesimo sezulu nesimo sendawo enkulu kakhulu endaweni.
Izinyoka ezinobuthi
Abamele abayingozi nabanobuthi be-suborder yesigaba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye ne-oda le-Scaly kutholakala cishe yonke indawo eCaucasus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ngazinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zingafinyelela ubude bamamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu. Izinyoka ezinobuthi zikhula kahle ezimeni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, kufaka phakathi izindawo zamahlathi, ama-steppes kanye nezingwadule, kanye namagquma nezindawo ezinezintaba.
Inyoka iyiqiniso
Izinyoka zangempela ngokuvamile zincane ngosayizi. Ikhanda, elihlukaniswe ukusuka entanyeni, limbozwe izikali ezincane, kepha ezinye izibonelo zibonakala ngokuba khona kwezingcezwana ezincane. Ubuthi benyoka enjalo buyingozi kakhulu kubantu, budala ubuhlungu obukhali kakhulu futhi obukhula ngokushesha nokubonakala kokuvuvukala okukhulu endaweni yokulunywa. Kungakapheli amahora amabili, kuvela ukuvuvukala kwemithambo, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kube khona amabhamuza abophayo. Isirhubuluzi esiyingozi esinjalo sithanda iziphunzi ezibolile, imingxuma yezinye izilwane nezihlahlana, futhi noma ikuphi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe kubhekwa yinyoka njengokucasula futhi kubangele ulaka.
Inyoka evamile
Abamele lezi zinhlobo banekhanda eliyisicaba, elihluke ngokuphawulekayo ngosayizi kusuka ebukhulu obukhulu bomzimba. Iningi labantu libonakala ngokuba khona kwephethini ye-zigzag ogwini. Umphumela wokulunywa yinyoka okuvamile akuvamile ukubulala ngokweqile, kepha kunengozi ethile yobuthi balenyoka kubantu. Kwezokwelapha, izimo zokungabikho ngokuphelele kwezimpawu ezinzima kubantu abalumayo ziyaziwa, kepha imvamisa umphumela wokulunywa yisiyezi nokuhlanza, isimo sokuxhuzula nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Izinyoka ezivamile zihlala ezindaweni ezipholile, futhi zihlala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni.
Inyoka yesitepe
Inyoka enkulu inobude bomzimba obungu-55 cm nobude bomsila obungu-7-9 cm, kepha abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa. Inyoka enobuvila ihlukaniswa ngekhanda elihlangene kancane kanye nemiphetho ephakanyisiwe yesifonyo. Ebusweni obuphezulu bekhanda kunezihlangu ezincane ezimise okungajwayelekile. Izakhamizi ezinjalo ezijwayelekile zezintaba nezisicaba samathafa ama-sagebrush angabhukudi abahle, kepha kaningi bagibela izihlahlana namagatsha ezihlahla. I-steppe vip inyoka enobuthi, kepha ukufa akuvamile. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwethonya lobuthi, isimo sokudakwa okujwayelekile siqala.
I-Viper kaDinik
Inyoka, eqanjwe ngesazi sezilwane esidumile saseRussia uNikolai Yakovlevich Dinnik, ibonakala ngombala ongajwayelekile. Ngokumelene nesizinda se-grey-green back, kuhlale kunephethini elimnyama elimnyama. Ubude obulinganiselwa bezinhlobo zabantu abadala abuvamile ukudlula amasentimitha angama-50-55. Phakathi kwezingqimba ezinkulu ezingaphambili nezingaphezulu, kunolulodwa noma uhide lwemigqa yesikali esincane. Ubuhlungu benyoka buyingozi kakhulu kubantu. Indawo ekhangayo yenyoka kaDinnik yizinkundla ezimelwe yizimfunda ezingaphansi komhlaba, kanye namahlathi anezindawo ezipholile zasemini.
IGyurza
Okukhethekile kwe-gyurza ubude bomzimba, okuvame ukufika kumamitha amabili. Umzimba ikakhulu ungwevu omnyama, omnyama noma omnyama-violet, unesisu esilula nesifunda sentamo esincanyana. Ummeleli omkhulu wazo zonke izinyoka zezilwane zaseCaucasus uyingozi enkulu kubantu, ngenxa yobuthi obunamandla obufakwe emzimbeni womuntu ngesikhathi sokulunywa. Ukufa kwenzeka emahoreni ambalwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyoka ehlaselayo ekuphonseni ikwazi ukunqoba kalula amamitha amabili. Indawo yemvelo yeGyurza yimifudlana enamadwala nemithambeka yezintaba, egcwele kakhulu izihlahla.
Ingwe vele
Ummeleli we-scaly North Caucasus, onombala omangazayo, ungowesigaba sezinyoka "ezinoshevu onesimo esithile". I-Tiger isivele inesikhumba esiluhlaza esichazwe kahle esinamabhulethi abomvu nokukhanyayo kwe-orange. Ubude obujwayelekile benyoka endala akuvamile ukuba budlule amasentimitha ayi-100-110. Ukulunywa kwalesi silwane esihuquzelayo esiphakathi nendawo kuhambisana nokubonakala kokopha kakhulu, okuwubukhulu besayizi enkulu yamazinyo ama-maxillary. Abamele lolu hlobo baziwa ngendlela yabo yokulingisa imfezi enobuthi. I-Tiger isivele ilulaza intamo yayo ngesimo se-hood futhi iphakamisa ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba ngenhla komhlaba.
Shitomordnik
Inyoka enobuthi engamasentimitha angamashumi ayisikhombisa inesizinda somzimba jikelele onsundu, lapho amabala agudlukile ompunga atholakala ogwini abonakala kahle. Ukulunywa kwenundu kubuhlungu ngokweqile futhi kuyingozi kubantu. Ngenxa yokudakwa, ukubonakala kokuqhamuka kwegazi okuningi ezithweni zangaphakathi kuphawuliwe. Phakathi kokunye, ukulunywa kwale nyoka kungabangela ukukhula kwesifo sokukhubazeka kwendawo noma i-necrosis. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ama-shitomordniki ahlala emaqeleni nasemahlathini, futhi atholakala nasezindaweni ezinamadwala nasezindaweni eziphansi zemifula yeNorth Caucasus.
Izinyoka ezingenabuthi
Namuhla, inani eliphelele lezinyoka ezingenabuthi emhlabeni wethu lidlula kakhulu inani labamele izinhlobo ezinobuthi. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo, ezingenabungozi ekubukeni kokulunywa, azinabo ubuthi ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ziyakwazi ukugwinya isisulu esiphelele (izinyoka), noma zikhethe ukuminyanisa inyamazane yazo (ama-boas, izinyoka).
Sekuvele kujwayelekile
Ummeleli ovame kakhulu wezinhlobo zezinyoka zangempela ezindaweni ezipholile zase-Eurasia, inyoka engeyona enobuthi evela emndenini omile Kakade, ingahlukaniswa kalula ngokuba khona "kwezindlebe" eziphuzi. Insimu yeCaucasus ihlala izinyoka ezinkulu kakhulu, ubude bomzimba obungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-100. Izinyoka azinalo ulaka ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, lapho zihlangana nomuntu, zikhetha ukuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ama-glades ambozwe ngamahlamvu amanzi ngokuvamile aba yindawo eyinhloko yenyoka ejwayelekile. Ukuzithoba ngokuphelele nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezimeni ezahlukahlukene zokuphila zale nyoka engenabuthi kuyivumela ukuthi ihlale cishe kunoma iyiphi i-biotope.
Inyoka yekati
Inombala ophuzi, okhanyayo grey noma opinki onamachashaza amnyama, inyoka inobude obude bomzimba ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-100. Abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo bahluka ngokuhlukanisiwe emzimbeni ngomzimba wokunqamuka komlomo wesibeletho, kanye nomzimba ocindezelwe kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini nakubafundi abaqondile. Inyoka yekati inhle kakhulu ekukhuphukeni izihlahla nezihlahla, imithambeka enamadwala nezindonga zezakhiwo. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, inyoka itholakala kuphela kusihlwa noma ebusuku, ikhetha izintaba ezinamadwala zigcwele utshani obuncane nezimila zezihlahla, izingwadule ezisondelene nendawo eseduze kwamahlathi asezintabeni.
Inyoka enebhande eliphuzi
Omunye wabamele kabanzi bezilwane zensimu yeNorth Caucasus ubuye adume ngobukhulu bayo, futhi ungowesigaba sezinyoka ezinkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu. Isilinganiso sabantu abadala ngokuvamile sidlula amamitha ayi-2.5. Izinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngesikhumba somnqumo noma esiphuzi, amehlo aqhakazile, isisu esiwolintshi nokuziphatha okunjengeqhude. Le nyoka ibonakala ngokuba nolaka nokukwazi ukuluma abantu kabuhlungu, kepha ubuthi benyoka enebhande eliphuzi kuphephe ngokuphelele kubantu. Isirhubuluzi esinjalo sivame ukuhlala emithambekeni yamawa nemifula, futhi senzeka nasezifundeni ezomile.
Inyoka yaseTranscaucasian
Ummeleli wezinhlobo esezivele zimile unobude bomzimba obungabalulekile, obungadluli imitha elilodwa. Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo, esiqanjwe ngegama lesazi semvelo esidumile saseSwitzerland uGogenaker, sihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwamabala amancane amnyama ekhanda laso, kanye "nesitembu" sokuqala esimise okwe-H entanyeni yaso. Inyoka yaseTranscaucasian incamela ukuhlala emanxiweni ezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, imvamisa itholakala ezivinini, kanye nasezihlahleni. Inyoka iphapheme ngesikhathi sasemini, kodwa ngokuqala kobusuku izama ukucashela izinyoni ezinkulu nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Kubantu, inyoka yaseTranscaucasian ayiyona ingozi.
Inyoka eyimpumputhe efana nempethu
Ummeleli wezinhlobo zezinyoka ezivela emndenini weNyoka eyimpumputhe ususabalele kakhulu engxenyeni esempumalanga yeNyakatho Caucasus. Ubude benyoka eyimpumputhe efana nezikelemu yabantu abadala, ngokuvamile, abudluli amasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwangu-35. Isifonyo senyoka sicwecwe kancane futhi siyindilinga, ngesihlangu esikhulu se-intermaxillary. Izinyoka eziyizimpumputhe zihlukaniswa ngezikali ezicwebezelayo ezibomvu nsundu, futhi ukubukeka kwazo kufana kakhulu nesibungu esikhulu somhlaba, esikwazi ukuqhubekela phambili kalula hhayi ngaphambili kuphela, kepha nangasemuva komzimba. Le nyoka itholakala ezihlahlaneni zomjunipha, futhi futhi ingahlala eduze kwezidleke zezintuthwane.
Uma uhlangane nenyoka
Ukuhamba endaweni yaseCaucasus, kuzosiza ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokuzimela phakathi kwezinyoka ezinobuthi kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo eziphephile kubantu:
- inyoka enobuthi ihlukile ezihlotsheni ezingenabungozi esakhiweni esikhethekile samazinyo, amade, avame ukugoba, atholakala engxenyeni engaphambili yomhlathi ongaphezulu;
- izilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyingozi, ngokuvamile, zinekhanda elingunxantathu, futhi kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezingezona ezinobuthi yi-oval;
- ezimweni eziningi, amehlo ezinyoka ezinobuthi ahlukaniswa mpo kunokuba ngumfundi oyindilinga;
- phakathi kwamehlo namakhala abameleli abanoshevu kunemigodi ekhethekile esiza ukuthola isisulu esinegazi elifudumele;
- inyoka ingabonwa ngamabala amhlophe aphuzi noma awolintshi atholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda;
- isikali somsila wezilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyingozi sihlelwe ngomugqa owodwa, kanti ezinyokeni ezingenabuthi isibalo sazo siphindwe kabili.
Lapho uhlangana nanoma yisiphi isilwane esihuquzelayo, akufanele uzame ukusithinta. Amabhuzu aphezulu azoba yisivikelo esihle kakhulu emilenzeni yakho, kanti ithoshi lizosiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yinyoka ebusuku. Gwema izindawo ezineziphunzi ezibolile noma izihlahla eziyize ongalala kuzo.
Ochwepheshe abasebenza isikhathi eside nezinyoka ezinobuthi zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene baqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinjalo zikwazi ukuluma umuntu kuphela uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, ekuzivikeleni. Ngakho-ke, akuvunyelwe nakanjani ukuxosha inyoka ngenxa yelukuluku. Lokhu kuziphatha kuvame ukuhlasela ukuhlasela kwesilwane esihuquzelayo.
Uma inyoka isilumile
Uma inyoka iphazanyiswe ngumuntu ngephutha ihlaselwe, khona-ke ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ukulunywa kohlobo olunoshevu kusuka oluphephile ngezimpawu zokulandela okushiywe esikhunjeni. Lapho elunywa yinyoka enobuthi, ukubhoboza okujule ngokwanele kwakhiwa ngamazinyo. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingenabuthi zishiya umzila osesimweni semigqa emibili yamap punctions amancane angabonakali noma imihuzuko embalwa. Ukulunywa okunjalo, njengomthetho, akubeki engcupheni enkulu, kepha amanxeba kufanele alashwe nganoma yikuphi ukwakheka kwe-antiseptic, bese kuvikelwa emathonyeni wangaphandle ngosimende.
Lapho ulunywa yinyoka, i-gyurza, noma i-shitomordnik, kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze isitho esithintekile ukuphumula okuphelele, okuzonciphisa ukusabalala kobuthi emzimbeni wonke. Ubuthi bukhanyelwa ngaphandle kwesilonda ngokushesha ngemuva kokulunywa, futhi uma kunesidingo, inxeba liyanwetshwa, ngenxa yalokho kungenzeka ukukhipha ingxenye ebalulekile yobuthi obuyingozi negazi. Ngemuva kwalokho indawo yokuluma ikhishwa ngokukhipha amagciwane ngesibulali magciwane futhi kusetshenziswa ukugqoka okuyinyumba. Isisulu kufanele silethwe ngokushesha okukhulu esikhungweni sezokwelapha esiseduze, lapho kuzonikezwa khona uhla oluphelele lwezokwelapha futhi kuzokwethulwa ikhambi elikhethekile elikhethekile.
