Izinyathi ziyizilwane ezidla utshani ezihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu futhi zifana nezinkomo ezijwayelekile. Zihlukaniswa kokugcina ngomzimba onamandla ngokwengeziwe nezimpondo, ezinesimo esihluke ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akudingeki ukuthi umuntu acabange ukuthi izinyathi zinkulu: phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo ezinabameleli bazo abakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngobukhulu obukhulu.
Incazelo yenyathi
Izinyathi zingama-artiodactyl akhanyayo asemndenini wezinkomo, nawo owomndeni wezinkomo. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinyathi: i-Afrika ne-Asia.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Inyathi yase-Asiya, ebizwa nangokuthi inyathi yamanzi yaseNdiya, ingenye yezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu emndenini wezinkomo. Ubude bomzimba wayo bufinyelela kumamitha amathathu, kanti ukuphakama lapho kubunile kungafinyelela kumamitha amabili. Isisindo samadoda amakhulu ngu-1000-1200 kg. Izimpondo zalezi zilwane ziphawuleka ngokukhethekile. Ngendlela yenyanga ewucezu, eqondiswe ezinhlangothini nasemuva, bangafika kumamitha amabili ubude. Akumangazi ukuthi izimpondo zenyathi yase-Asia zithathwa njengezinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Umbala walezi zilwane ungwevu, wemibala ehlukahlukene kusuka kumlotha ompunga uye komnyama. Ijazi labo mncane, lide ngokulingene futhi limahhadlahhadla, lapho isikhumba esinombala ompunga sikhanya khona. Ebunzini, izinwele ezinde ezinhlangothini zakha uhlobo oluthile lwethonga, kanti ohlangothini olungaphakathi lwezindlebe lude ngokwedlulele kunasemzimbeni wonke, okunikeza isithombe sokuthi zikleliswe umphetho wezinwele.
Umzimba wamanzi wenyathi yaseNdiya mkhulu futhi unamandla, imilenze inamandla futhi inemisipha, izinselo zikhulu futhi zimfoloko, njengawo wonke amanye ama-artiodactyls.
Ikhanda lifana nenkunzi yesimo, kepha ngogebhezi olukhulu kakhulu nesifonyo esihlanganisiwe, okunikeza isilwane ukubukeka kwesici. Amehlo nezindlebe kuncane, kuqhathaniswa ngokuqatha ngosayizi nezimpondo ezinkulu zokukhulula, ububanzi phansi, kepha buthe cwaka ngasekugcineni.
Umsila wenyathi yase-Asia uyefana nowenkomo: mncane, mude, unesihluthu sezinwele esinde, esifana nebhulashi.
Inyathi yase-Afrika futhi siyisilwane esikhulu kakhulu, yize sincane ngandlela thile kunesihlobo saso sase-Asiatic. Ukuphakama kokubuna kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.8, kepha imvamisa, umthetho awudluli amamitha ayi-1.6. Ubude bomzimba bungamamitha ayi-3-3.4, kanti isisindo imvamisa singu-700-1000 kg.
Uboya benyathi yase-Afrika bumnyama noma bumpunga obumnyama, bu-rough futhi buqhelelene. Isikhumba esivela kulayini wezinwele sinombala omnyama, ovame ukuba mpunga.
Ijazi lale nhlobo lithanda ukuncipha ngokuya ngeminyaka, yingakho kwesinye isikhathi ungabona ngisho nohlobo oluthile lwe "izibuko" ezikhanyayo eziseduze kwamehlo ezinyathi ezindala zase-Afrika.
Umthethosisekelo wenyathi yase-Afrika unamandla amakhulu. Ikhanda lihlelwe ngaphansi komugqa ongemuva, intamo inamandla futhi inemisipha eminingi, isifuba sijulile futhi sinamandla anele. Imilenze ayimide kakhulu futhi inkulu kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinselo zangaphambili zezinyathi zase-Afrika zinkulu kakhulu kunezinyawo zangemuva. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba kulezi zilwane inzima ukwedlula ingemuva, futhi ukuze ukwazi ukuyibamba, kudingeka izinselo ezinkulu nezinamandla kakhulu.
Ikhanda lifana nokuma kwenkomo, kepha likhulu ngokwengeziwe. Amehlo mancane, abekwe ajule ngokwanele. Izindlebe zibanzi futhi zinkulu, sengathi zigundiwe ngomphetho woboya obude.
Izimpondo zinesimo esikhetheke kakhulu: kusuka phezulu kwekhanda, zikhula ziye ezinhlangothini, emva kwalokho ziguqe, bese zikhuphuka futhi ziye ngaphakathi, zakha ukufana kwezingwegwe ezimbili, zibekwe cishe ziqonde thizeni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngokuhamba kweminyaka, izimpondo zibonakala zikhula ndawonye, zakha uhlobo lwesihlangu esiphongweni senyathi.
Ngaphezu kwenyathi yase-Asia neyase-Afrika, lo mndeni ufaka futhi tamarau kusuka ePhilippines nezinhlobo ezimbili anoahngihlala eSulawesi. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zazo ezinkulu, lezi zinyathi ezincane azihlukaniswa nobukhulu bazo obukhulu: ezinkulu kunazo zonke azidluli u-105 cm lapho zibuna.Futhi izimpondo zazo azibukeki ziheha njengalezo zezinhlobo ezinkulu. E-anoa yentaba, ngokwesibonelo, aweqi ubude obungu-15 cm.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyathi, ngaphandle kwezimfushane ezihlala kude nempucuko, zihlukaniswa yisimo esinolaka. Izinyathi zamanzi zaseNdiya ngokuvamile azesabi bantu noma ezinye izilwane, futhi izinyathi zamanzi zase-Afrika, ziqikelela kakhulu futhi zizwela, zisabela ngokuqinile ekubukekeni kwabantu ezingabazi eduze futhi zingahlasela ngokusola okuncane.
Zonke izinyathi ezinkulu ziyizilwane ezihlangene, kuyilapho ezase-Afrika zakha imihlambi emikhulu, lapho kwesinye isikhathi iba nabantu abangamakhulu amaningana, bese kuthi abase-Asia bakhe okuthile okufana namaqembu emindeni amancane. Imvamisa, inenkunzi eyodwa esekhulile futhi enolwazi, abesilisa abancane ababili noma abathathu nabesifazane abaningana abanamazinyane. Kukhona nezinduna ezindala ezingashadile esezixabene kakhulu ukuthi zingahlala nomhlambi. Njengomthetho, banolaka ikakhulukazi futhi bayahluka, ngaphezu kwesimo sabo esibi, futhi banezimpondo ezinkulu, abazisebenzisa ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Izinhlobo zezinyathi ezincane zase-Asia zivame ukubalekela abantu futhi zikhethe ukuphila impilo yodwa.
Izinyathi zase-Afrika zihamba ebusuku. Kusukela kusihlwa kuze kuphume ilanga, ziyadla, kuthi lapho kushisa emini zicashe emthunzini wezihlahla, noma ezihlahleni zomhlanga, noma zifakwe odakeni lwexhaphozi, okuthi, lapho zoma esikhunjeni sazo, kwakheke "igobolondo" elivikelayo elimelene nezimuncagazi zangaphandle. Izinyathi zibhukuda kahle ngokwanele, okuvumela lezi zilwane ukuba ziwele imifula ebanzi lapho zifuduka. Banomqondo othuthuke kahle wokuhogela nokuzwa, kepha abaziboni kahle zonke izinhlobo zezinyathi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ekulweni nemikhaza kanye nezinye izimuncagazi ezimunca igazi, izinyathi zase-Afrika zithole uhlobo lobambiswano - ukudonsa izinyoni, okungezomndeni odlalayo. Lezi zinyoni ezincane zihlala ngemuva kwenyathi bese zikhonkotha ngama-parasites. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-dragons ayi-10-12 angagibela isilwane esisodwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Inyathi yase-Asia, nayo ehlupheka kakhulu ngama-parasites angaphandle, ibuye igeze udaka isikhathi eside futhi ibuye ibe nabalingani abahlukile ekulweni nemikhaza nezinye izinambuzane - izindwandwe nezimfudu zamanzi, zibaqeda izinambuzane ezicasulayo.
Inyathi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani
Izinyathi zase-Afrika zihlala iminyaka eyi-16-20 endle, kanti izinyathi zase-Asia ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25. Kuma-zoo, isikhathi sokuphila kwawo sikhula kakhulu futhi kungaba yiminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Izinsikazi zenyathi yase-Asia zincane ngosayizi womzimba futhi zakha kamnandi ngokwengeziwe. Izimpondo zazo nazo zincane ngobude futhi azisona ububanzi.
Ezinyathi zase-Afrika, izimpondo zezinsikazi nazo azinkulu njengalezo zabesilisa: ubude bazo, ngokwesilinganiso, bungaphansi ngo-10-20%, ngaphezu kwalokho, bona, njengomthetho, abakhuli ndawonye ekhanda labo, yingakho “isihlangu "Ayibunjwanga.
Izinhlobo zenyathi
Izinyathi zinemikhakha emibili: i-Asia ne-Afrika.
Uhlobo oluthile lwenyathi yase-Asia luqukethe izinhlobo eziningana:
- Inyathi yase-Asia.
- UTamarau.
- I-Anoa.
- Intaba anoa.
Izinyathi zase-Afrika zimelwe yohlobo olulodwa kuphela, okubandakanya izinhlobo ezincane, kufaka phakathi inyathi yemifino emifushane, eyehluka ngosayizi omncane - engadluli ku-120 cm ekubuneni, nombala obomvu ngokubomvu, othungwe ngamabala amnyama ekhanda, entanyeni, emahlombe nemilenze yangaphambili yesilwane.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abanye abacwaningi babheka inyathi yemifino emifushane njengesilwane esehlukile, bavame ukukhiqiza inzalo eyingxube evela enyathi ejwayelekile yase-Afrika.
Indawo yokuhlala
Endle, izinyathi zase-Asia zitholakala eNepal, eNdiya, eThailand, eBhutan, eLaos naseCambodia. Ziyatholakala nasesiqhingini saseCeylon. Emuva maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, babehlala eMalaysia, kodwa manje, mhlawumbe, abasekho lapho endle.
ITamarau ivame kakhulu esiQhingini saseMindoro esiqhingini sasePhilippines. I-Anoa nayo iyinsakavukela, kodwa isivele isesiqhingini sase-Indonesia iSulawesi. Izinhlobo ezihlobene - i-anoa yentaba, ngaphezu kweSulawesi, iyatholakala nasesiqhingini esincane saseButon, esiseduze nendawo yaso eyinhloko.
Inyathi yase-Afrika isabalele e-Afrika, lapho ihlala khona endaweni enkulu eningizimu yeSahara.
Zonke izinhlobo zezinyathi zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinotshani obuluhlaza.
Izinyathi zase-Asia kwesinye isikhathi zikhuphukela ezintabeni, lapho zingatholakala khona kuze kufike ku-1.85 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Lokhu kujwayeleke kakhulu kwi-tamarau kanye ne-anoa yentaba, abathanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingamahlathi asezintabeni.
Izinyathi zase-Afrika nazo zingahlala ezintabeni nasemahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, kepha iningi labamele lolu hlobo, noma kunjalo, bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingama-savanna, lapho kunezitshalo eziningi ezinotshani, amanzi nezihlahlana.
Kuyathakazelisa! Indlela yokuphila yazo zonke izinyathi ihlobene kakhulu namanzi, ngakho-ke, lezi zilwane zihlala zihlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi.
Ukudla kwenyathi
Njengazo zonke izilwane ezidla imfuyo, lezi zilwane zidla ngokudla kwezitshalo, futhi ukudla kwazo kuncike ohlotsheni nasendaweni ezihlala kuyo. Isibonelo, inyathi yase-Asia idla kakhulu izimila zasemanzini, ingxenye yazo ekumenyu yayo icishe ibe ngama-70%. Akenqabi nokusanhlamvu namakhambi.
Izinyathi zase-Afrika zidla izitshalo ezine-herbaceous ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fiber, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, zinikeza inzuzo ecacile ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa kuphela, zishintshele kokunye ukudla kwezitshalo kuphela lapho kudingeka. Kepha futhi bangadla imifino evela ezihlahleni, isabelo sazo ekudleni kwabo cishe singu-5% wakho konke okunye ukudla.
Izinhlobo zezinambuzane zondla izitshalo ezinomuthi, amahlumela amancane, izithelo, amaqabunga nezitshalo zasemanzini.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ezinyathi zase-Afrika, isikhathi sokuzalisa sisentwasahlobo. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho ukubukeka okumangazayo ngaphandle, kepha cishe izimpi ezingenalo igazi zingabonwa phakathi kwabesilisa balezi zinhlobo, inhloso yazo okungekhona ukufa komphikisi noma ukumlimaza kanzima emzimbeni, kodwa ukubonakaliswa kwamandla. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuvutha, abesilisa banolaka ikakhulukazi futhi banolaka, ikakhulukazi uma kuyizinyathi zasekapa ezimnyama ezihlala eningizimu ye-Afrika. Ngakho-ke, akuphephile ukuya kubo ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-11. Ukuzala amankonyane ngokuvamile kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula, futhi, njengomthetho, insikazi izala izinyane elilodwa elinesisindo esingama-40 kg. Kuma-subspecies aseKapa, amathole makhulu, isisindo sawo ngokuvamile sifinyelela kuma-60 kg lapho ezalwa.
Ngemuva kwekota yehora, izinyane liyaphakama lime ngezinyawo lilandele unina. Yize iqiniso lokuthi inkonyane liqala ngokuzama ukugubha utshani linenyanga eyodwa, inyathi ilondla ngobisi izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kodwa cishe cishe ngo-2-3, futhi ngokusho kweminye imininingwane, ngisho neminyaka engu-4, ithole lesilisa lihlala nomama, ngemuva kwalokho lishiya umhlambi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Insikazi ekhulayo, njengomthetho, ayishiyi mhlambi wayo wendawo noma kuphi. Ufinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, kepha okokuqala kuletha inzalo, imvamisa ineminyaka emihlanu.
Ezinyathi zase-Asiatic, isikhathi sokuzala ngokuvamile asihlotshaniswa nenkathi ethile yonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kwabo kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-10-11 futhi kuphetha ngokuzalwa kweyodwa, kuyaqabukela amawundlu amabili, awondla ngobisi, ngokwesilinganiso, izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Izitha zemvelo
Isitha esikhulu senyathi yase-Afrika yingonyama, evame ukuhlasela imihlambi yalezi zilwane kuyo yonke indawo yokuziqhenya, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane namankonyane bavame ukuba yizisulu zabo. Kodwa-ke, amabhubesi azama ukungazingeli amaduna amakhulu asebekhulile uma kwenzeka kuba khona okunye okungaba yisisulu sawo.
Izilwane ezibuthakathaka nezilwane ezincane nazo ziba yizisulu zezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, njengezingwe noma izimpisi ezinamabala, futhi izingwenya ziba yingozi ezinyathi emgodini wokunisela.
Izinyathi zase-Asia zizingelwa amahlosi, kanye nexhaphozi nezingwenya zekama. Izinsikazi namankonyane nazo zingahlaselwa izimpisi ezibomvu nezingwe. Futhi kubantu base-Indonesia, ngaphezu kwalokho, iKomodo yokuqapha izibankwa nayo iyingozi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Uma izinhlobo zezinyathi zase-Afrika zithathwa njengeziphephile impela nezinhlobo eziningi, khona-ke ngezase-Asia, izinto azizinhle kangako. Ngisho nenyathi yasemanzini evame kakhulu eNdiya isiyinhlobo esengozini yokuqothulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izizathu ezinkulu zalokhu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokulinywa kwezindawo ezazingahlali muntu okwakuhlala kuzo izinyathi zasendle.
Inkinga yesibili enkulu yezinyathi zase-Asia ukulahleka kokuhlanzeka kwegazi ngenxa yokuthi lezi zilwane zivame ukuhlangana nezinkunzi ezifuywayo.
Inani labantu bezinhlobo ze-tamarau, ezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele ngo-2012, lalingabantu abangaphezudlwana nje kuka-320. I-anoa nentaba anoa, okuyizinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, ziningi kakhulu: inani labantu abadala bohlobo lwesibili lidlula izilwane ezingama-2500.
Izinyathi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala. Ngenxa yobuningi bazo, imiphakathi yase-Afrika yalezi zilwane ingumthombo wokudla oyinhloko wezilwane ezinkulu ezifana nezingonyama noma izingwe. Futhi inyathi yase-Asiya, ngaphezu kwalokho, iyadingeka ukugcina ukukhula okunamandla kwezimila emzimbeni wamanzi lapho zivame ukuphumula khona. Izinyathi zasendle zase-Asia, ezifuywayo ezikhathini zasendulo, zingesinye sezilwane eziyinhloko zasepulazini, ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi e-Asia kuphela, kodwa naseYurophu, lapho kuneziningi zazo ikakhulukazi e-Italy. Izinyathi zasekhaya zisetshenziswa njengamandla okusalungiswa, amasimu okulima, kanye nokuthola ubisi, oluphakeme kaningi kokuqukethwe okunamafutha kunenkomo ejwayelekile.
