AmaSelenes, noma abahlanzayo, bamele uhlobo lohlobo lwezinhlanzi zasolwandle zomndeni wehhashi mackerel (Carangidae). Izakhamuzi ezinjalo zasemanzini zisabalele eshalofini loLwandle i-Atlantic nasengxenyeni esempumalanga yamanzi asePacific. Ama-Selenium ayizinhlanzi ezihola impilo yokuphila kakhulu yesikole, imvamisa yakha ukuqina okuncane kakhulu nokuningi kukholamu lamanzi noma endaweni eseduze ezansi.
Incazelo yomhlanzo
Ngokwentela yamanje yezinhlanzi, i-selenium, noma i-vomers (Selene), thatha indawo yazo emndenini we-horse mackerel naku-Perciformes ngokulandelana. Izakhamuzi ezinjalo zasemanzini zingezesigaba sezihlobo ezikude kakhulu ze-nannakara blue neon - i-hybrid eyaziwayo yama-cichlids avela ku-oda le-Percoid.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi, abamele abakwaScad family bayakwazi ukukhiqiza imisindo engajwayelekile futhi ebuthakathaka yokububula, esetshenziswa izakhamuzi zasemanzini ukuxhumana ngaphakathi esikoleni nokwethusa izitha.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Ama-vomeres abonakala ngomzimba ophakeme kakhulu, ocindezelwe kakhulu eceleni. Kulokhu, ulayini we-lateral womzimba wenhlanzi ugoba ngendlela ye-arc kuphela endaweni engaphezulu komkhawulo we-pectoral. Engxenyeni yomsila, umugqa onjalo uqonde ngokuphelele. Izihlangu zamathambo azikho nhlobo. Indawo engaphambili inyuke kakhulu, iphezulu futhi iyindunduma. Umlomo we-selenium uyi-oblique.
Umhlathi ongezansi wezinhlanzi ugobile ubhekise phezulu. Isiphetho sokuqala sangemuva simelwe izihlalo eziyisishiyagalombili ngokuhlukana nezinsipho ezimfushane ngasikhathi sinye. Amaphiko ezinqeni amancane futhi amafushane kakhulu. Isiphetho se-caudal sibonakala ngesimo semfoloko, kanye nokuba khona kwesiqu eside nesizacile. Umbala womzimba we-vomer ungusilivere onombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi okhanyayo ngemuva. Amaphiko ampunga.
Amajutile asendaweni yesipele sokuqala sokuqala esine-dorsal anezinqubo ezibonakala ngokusobala, lapho kubantu abadala bezinhlobo ezithile zinyamalala ngokuphelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
I-Selenium isebenza kuphela kusihlwa, futhi ngezikhathi zasemini izakhamuzi zasemanzini ezinjalo zikhetha ukucasha ezindaweni zokukhosela ezansi naphansi noma eduze kwemifula. Ama-Vomers akhulu ngokuzifihla emanzini. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwesikhumba, izinhlanzi ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukuthatha ukubonakala okusobala noma okuguqukayo lapho kukhona ukukhanya okuthile.
Abantu abasha be-vomer bakhetha ukuhlala emanzini anosawoti eduze nogu lolwandle, ngezikhathi ezithile bangena emanzini amaningi emifula. Abamele abantu abadala bohlobo bangene emhlambini wezinombolo ezahlukahlukene, futhi basuke ogwini cishe ngamamitha angamakhulu ambalwa. Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu sobukhona obujwayelekile ukuba khona kwendawo enodaka echibini, kepha ukutholakala kwenhlanganisela enkulu yesihlabathi nakho kuvunyelwe.
Ukuziphatha kwezinhlanzi ngqo kuncike ekusebenzeni okugcwele kwezitho zokunambitha nezokuthinta, ezitholakala emzimbeni wonke futhi ezisetshenziswa ngabahlali basemanzini ukuthola ukudla nezingqinamba, kanye nanoma iyiphi ingozi.
Umhlanzo uhlala isikhathi esingakanani
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuzalwa, inzalo ye-selenium ishiywa yodwa, ephoqa izinhlanzi ukuthi zivumelane ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka nawo wonke amaqiniso emvelo yasemanzini, futhi zivumela kuphela abantu abanamandla kakhulu abanokuphendula okusheshayo ukusinda. Ngokungafani "nenhlanzi yenyanga", abahlanza abaphila iminyaka eyikhulu, kepha badlula iminyaka eyishumi. Ezimweni zemvelo, abamele lolu hlobo kuyaqabukela "beqe" umkhawulo weminyaka eyisikhombisa.
Izinhlobo zeSelenium
Kuze kube manje, uhlobo lwe-Selena oluvela emndenini waseStavridov lubandakanya izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa eziyinhloko. Ezine zalezi zinhlobo zihlala emanzini oLwandle i-Atlantic kanti izinhlobo ezintathu zingabantu abahlala oLwandlekazi iPacific. Ngasikhathi sinye, abamele iPacific banokuhluka okuphawulekayo kunoma yibaphi abantu base-Atlantic. Lezi zici ezihlukile zifaka ukungabi khona kwesikali, kanye nezici ezithile zokwakheka kwamaphiko emhlane kuma-juveniles.
Izinhlobo ezikhona manje ze-selenium:
- USelene brevoortii ungumhlali wasogwini olusempumalanga loLwandlekazi iPacific, kusukela eMexico kuya e-Ecuador. Ubude obukhulu bomuntu omdala bucishe bube ngu-37-38 cm;
- iCaribbean moonfish (uSelene brownii) uhlala ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, ukusuka eMexico kuya eBrazil. Ubude obukhulu bomuntu omdala bungamamitha angama-28-29;
- I-African moonfish (uSelene dorsalis) uhlala ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, ukusuka ePortugal kuya eNingizimu Afrika. Ubude obukhulu bomuntu omdala bungu-37-38 cm ngesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-1.5 kg .;
- I-selenium yaseMexico (Selena orstedii) uhlala ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Pacific Ocean, ukusuka eMexico kuya eColombia. Ubude obukhulu babantu abadala bungu-33 cm;
- I-selenium yasePeru (uSelene peruviana) uhlala ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Pacific Ocean, ukusuka eCalifornia kuye ePeru. Ubude obukhulu bomuntu omdala bungu-39-40 cm;
- I-West Atlantic selenium, noma i-Atlantic moonfish (uSelene setapinnis), uhlala ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, ukusuka eCanada kuya e-Argentina. Ubude obukhulu bomuntu omdala buba cishe ngama-60 cm ngesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-4.6 kg;
- i-selenium ejwayelekile (uSelene vomer) uhlala ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, ukusuka eCanada kuye e-Uruguay. Ubude besilinganiso sabantu abadala bucishe bube ngu-47-48 cm ngesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-2.1 kg.
Ama-selenium ase-Atlantic anemisebe ehlukanisiwe engu-4-6 yempuphu yokuqala yangemuva, futhi ngezinhlanzi zohlobo lwePacific, ukwandiswa kwemisebe yokuqala yesiphetho sesibili sokususa kuyisici. Kubantu bezinhlobo eziningi, njengoba bekhula futhi bevuthwa, ukuncipha okuphelele kancane kwemisebe ende kuyenzeka, futhi okuwukuphela kokuhlukile izinhlobo ezimbalwa zasePacific - iSelenium yaseMexico, kanye neBrevoort selenium.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yase-selenium, noma i-vomera (Selene) imelwe yi-Atlantic Ocean nengxenye esempumalanga ye-Pacific Ocean. Emanzini oLwandle i-Atlantic, amaStavridiformes ahlala endaweni eshisayo engasogwini lweCentral America kanye nezindawo ezisogwini lwaseNtshonalanga Afrika. E-Pacific Ocean, izimo ezifanele kakhulu zokuphila kwezinhlanzi ezingavamile zimelwe ngamanzi ashisayo asogwini lwaseMelika, ngqo eCalifornia, kuze kufike e-Ecuador nasePeru.
Umndeni waseStavridovye usakazeke kakhulu eshalofini lasezwenikazi, lapho izakhamuzi zasemanzini, njengokujwayelekile, zingacwilisi ngaphansi kokujula kwamamitha ayi-50-60, futhi futhi zithanda ukunqwabelana eduze ezansi noma ngqo kukholamu yamanzi eseduze. Abahlanza abantu abadala futhi bazizwa bekhululeke kakhulu enhlabathini enodaka noma enodaka.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, i-selenium eminyene kakhulu ezansi ixubene ne-horse mackerel, kanye nama-bumpers ne-sardinella, ngenxa yokuthi kwakhiwa izikole ezinkulu kakhulu zezinhlanzi.
Ukudla kukaVomer
Ngemuva kokushona kwelanga, ama-vomers ayasebenza futhi aqala ukufuna ukudla. Umhlali wasezindaweni ezishisayo zoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, indawo esogwini lweCentral America naseNtshonalanga Afrika uzondla ngezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene ezincane, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-invertebrates angenamgogodla noma i-zooplankton.
I-selenium yabantu abadala kanye nabasakhulayo bazifunela ukudla ikakhulu kumasilingi aphansi anosilika. Ngenqubo yokufuna ukudla, inhlanzi yephula phansi. Abahlanza abantu abadala basebenza kakhulu ekudleni imfanzi, inhlanzi encane, kanye nenkalankala nezikelemu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Inzalo yabamele umndeni we-Stavridovye nohlobo lohlobo lwe-Selena iphakeme kakhulu, futhi abesifazane abakhulu kakhulu bayakwazi ukukhiqiza amaqanda angaba yisigidi noma nangaphezulu, okuthi ngemuva kwenqubo yokuzala kubhukude kukholamu lamanzi. Zonke izibungu ezichanyuselwe zisebenzisa ama-plankton amancane kakhulu ekudleni kwazo, futhi zingakwazi ukucasha ngempumelelo kwizilwane eziningi ezidla emanzini.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, abahlanzayo bazingelwa izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidlayo, kepha ingozi enkulu enanini lalabo bantu abahlala emanzini namuhla ngabantu. Ukwehla okukhulu kwenani labamele uhlobo lohlobo lwe-Selena kungenxa yokudoba okunamandla kakhulu nokungakwazi kwezinhlanzi ezinjalo ukubuyisa ngokushesha izinombolo zazo ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ebuntwaneni, cishe ama-80% awo wonke ama-vomer gazinga abulawa.
Inani lokuhweba
Ama-vomers ase-Atlantic njengamanje anokulinganiselwa kunani lentengiso, futhi ukubanjwa kwawo minyaka yonke akukwazi ukudlula amashumi amaningi wamathani. Abamele uhlobo lwezinhlanzi zasolwandle zomndeni waseStavridovye bayinto ethandwa kakhulu yokudoba ezemidlalo. Imikhawulo yokudoba ibekwa ngezikhathi ezithile yiziphathimandla zase-Ecuador. Isibonelo, ngoMashi 2012, ukudotshwa kwalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi kwavinjelwa ngokuphelele.
Inani elikhulu kakhulu kwezentengiselwano namuhla, ngokunokwenzeka, libonakala kuphela yi-selenium yasePeru. Ukudoba izinhlanzi ezinjalo kwenziwa ikakhulukazi eduze nogu lwase-Ecuador, lapho i-selenium ibanjwa khona kusetshenziswa ama-trawls kanye ne-purse seine. Ukufunwa okwandisiwe kwalezi zinhlanzi ezingajwayelekile kuyaziwa eMpumalanga Yurophu, okuholele ekutheni kudotshwe ngokweqile kwabantu.
Ama-vomers asePacific, anenyama eminyene, ethambile, emnandi, akhuliswa kahle lapho evalelwe. Abantu abakhuliswe ezinkulisa abanabukhulu obukhulu ngosayizi, bafinyelela ku-15-20 cm ubude kuphela. Izimo eziyinhloko zokuzalisa okwenziwe nge-vomer ukugcina isimo sokushisa samanzi esidingekayo kanye nokuba khona kwendawo enodaka echibini.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle kakhulu kwe-vomer entweni yamanzi kunomthelela ekuqiniseni kwemvelo kwabantu. Yize singekho isimo sokongiwa kwemvelo, okwamanje kunomkhawulo wokubamba izinhlanzi, ochazwa ngokugaya okungapheli kwalezi zinhlanzi kanye nokwehluleka kwe-biomass ukuthola ngokushesha.
