INosuha, noma i-coati, bangabamele uhlobo lohlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo zomndeni wama-raccoon. Umzingeli usakazeke kuwo womabili amazwekazi aseMelika. Lezi zilwane zikweleta igama lazo leSpanishi, isiFulentshi kanye nesiNgisi "coati" kolunye lwezilimi zasendaweni zaseNdiya.
Incazelo yamakhala
INosohi ithole igama labo elingajwayelekile futhi elingelona elangempela ngenxa ye-proboscis encane futhi eneselula eyakhiwe ngamakhala ahlangene nengxenye engaphambili yodebe olungaphezulu lwesilwane. Ubude bomzimba besilwane esidala buhluka phakathi kuka-41-67 cm, nobude bomsila obungu-32-69 cm... Ubukhulu obukhulu bomuntu ovuthiwe, njengomthetho, abudluli ku-10-11 kg.
Izindlala ze-anal ze-nosoha zihlukaniswa ngedivayisi ekhethekile ehlukile phakathi kwabamele iCarnivora. Isifunda esiyindlala esiyingqayizivele, esisogwini olungaphezulu lwendunu, siqukethe uchungechunge lwezikhwama okuthiwa zivuleka ngokusikeka okukhethekile okune noma okuyisihlanu ezinhlangothini. Uketshezi olunemfihlo olufihlwa yilezi zindlala lusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo yizilwane ukumaka indawo yazo.
Ukubukeka
Ikhala elijwayeleke kakhulu laseNingizimu Melika libonakala ngekhanda elincanyana elinamaphiko acijile futhi aqondiswe phezulu phezulu, ikhala eliguquguqukayo futhi elihambayo. Izindlebe zesilwane esincelisayo esidliwayo zincane ngosayizi, ziyindilinga, zinamarimu amhlophe ngaphakathi. Intamo imthubi ophuzi. Indawo yomlomo wesilwane esinjalo, njengomthetho, inombala ofanayo onsundu noma omnyama. Amabala alula, athe xaxa abekwe ngaphezulu nangaphansi, ngemuva kwamehlo kancane. Ama-canine afana ne-blade, kanti ama-molars anama-tubercles abukhali.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isazi semvelo saseRussia u-Stanislav Drobyshevsky ubize i-nosoha ukuthi "ngabangenele ukhetho olunengqondo", okuwumphumela wokuziphatha kwendlela yokuphila, kanye nobudlelwano nezitho zomzimba ezithuthukile.
Imilenze imifushane futhi inamandla amakhulu, namaqakala ahamba kakhulu futhi akhule kahle. Ngenxa yalesi sici, umhlaseli uyakwazi ukukhuphuka phansi ezihlahleni hhayi ngaphambili kuphela, kodwa nangasemuva komzimba wakhe. Uzipho oluseminwe lude. Ezinyaweni kukhona amathe angenalutho.
Yizidladla ezinemigqa eqinile ezivumela amakhala ukuthi akhuphuke kalula ezihlahleni ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitho zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngumzingeli ukufuna ukudla enhlabathini noma kudoti wasehlathini. Njengomthetho, imilenze yamakhala isansundu noma imnyama ngombala.
Indawo yomzimba wesilwane imbozwe ngoboya obufushane, obukhulu futhi obukhulu. Amanothi aseNingizimu Melika abonakala ngokuhlukahluka okubanzi kombala, okuzibonakalisa hhayi kuphela endaweni yokuhlala noma ekusatshalalisweni, kepha nasezinkomvwini zodoti ofanayo. Imvamisa, umbala womzimba uyashintsha kusuka kovundlile kancane noma obomvu ube nsundu ngombala. Umsila wamakhala mude futhi unemibala emibili, lapho kukhona amasongo aphuzi akhanyayo, ashintshana namasongo ansundu noma amnyama. Kwabanye abantu, amasongo asendaweni yomsila awabonakali kahle.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Amakhala yizilwane ezisebenza kuphela ngezikhathi zasemini. Ngokulala nokuphumula, umhlaseli ukhetha amagatsha amakhulu ezihlahla, lapho i-coati izizwa iphephile khona.
Isilwane esiqaphe ngokweqile sehlela phansi ngezikhathi zasekuseni kakhulu, ngisho nangaphambi kokuntwela kokusa. Ngesikhathi sendlu yangasese yasekuseni, uboya nesifonyo buhlanzwa kahle, ngemuva kwalokho ikhala liye ekuzingeleni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi amakhala yizilwane ezisebenzisa isethi ecebile yazo zonke izinhlobo zemisindo, isimo sobuso esithuthukisiwe kanye nezimpawu ezikhethekile zokuxhumana ukuxhumana.
Abesifazane abanezizukulwane zabo bakhetha ukugcinwa bengamaqembu, inani eliphelele elingabantu abangamashumi amabili nambili. Abesilisa abadala bavame ukuba bodwa, kepha abanesibindi esikhulu kubo bavame ukuzama ukujoyina iqembu labesifazane futhi bahlangatshezwe nokuphikiswa. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesifazane baxwayisa iqembu labo nganoma iyiphi ingozi esondelayo ngemisindo ezwakala kakhulu, ekhonkothayo.
Mangaki amakhala ahlala
Isikhathi esiphakathi kokuphila kwesilwane esincelisayo asidluli eminyakeni eyishumi nambili, kepha kukhona nabantu abaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka emibili, kanti abesilisa baqala ukuzala ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu. Abesilisa abadala bacishe baphindwe kabili kunabesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi.
Izinhlobo zamakhala
I-genus nosu ifaka izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko nohlobo olulodwa, olutholakala kuphela ezigodini zase-Andes, engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika. Lezi zinhlobo okwamanje zinikezwe uhlobo oluhlukile uNasuella. Impumulo yezintaba ingeyohlobo oluhlukile, abamele bayo bahlukaniswa ngomsila ofushanisiwe, kanye nokuba khona kwekhanda elincane, elicindezelwe kakhulu ezinhlangothini... Izilwane ezinjalo ziyathanjiswa kalula ngabantu, ngakho-ke zingagcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezingavamile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kunikezwa insimu ethile eqenjini ngalinye lamakhala endaweni yazo yemvelo, ububanzi bayo obuyikhilomitha elilodwa, kepha "izabelo" ezinjalo zivame ukuhlangana kancane.
I-nosoha ejwayelekile (i-Nasua nasua) imelwe ama-subspecies ayishumi nantathu. Lesi silwane esincelisayo sihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi sikhulu ngosayizi. Ngempumu evamile yabantu abadala, umbala onsundu okhanyayo uyisici.
Impumulo kaNelson iyilungu lohlobo olunombala omnyama kakhulu nokuba khona kwendawo emhlophe entanyeni. Umbala wesilwane esikhulile ubonakala ngokufana kwezinwele ezimpunga ezibonakalayo emahlombe nasemaceleni. Izinhlobo zeCoati zibonakala ngokuba khona "kwamarimu" amhlophe ezindlebeni. Kukhona nezindawo ezinombala okhanyayo endaweni ezungeze amehlo, ngenxa yokuthi zinokubukeka okuqondile. Entanyeni yezinhlobo, kukhona ichashaza eliphuzi.
Indawo yokuhlala
INosoha ihlala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, kanye naseziqhingini eziseduze. I-nosuha yezintaba ihlala kuma-Andes, ngokuhlangana kwawo ngokwendawo kungawaseVenezuela, e-Ecuador naseColombia.
Abamele izinhlobo eziningi zama-coati batholakala eNingizimu Melika, ngakho-ke baziwa njengezinhlobo zaseNingizimu Melika. Abantu abakhulu besilwane esincelisayo esinjalo bagxila kakhulu e-Argentina.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengoba umkhuba wokubuka ukhombisa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, abameleli bama-raccoon bathanda ukuhlala emahlathini e-coniferous asendaweni yesimo sezulu esishisayo.
UNosuha Nelson ungowokuhlala kuphela esiqhingini saseCozumel, esiseCaribbean futhi esensimini yaseMexico... Amalungu ezinhlobo ezivamile yizilwane ezivamile eNyakatho Melika. Ngokusho kososayensi, amakhala, ahlukile kunezinye izilwane eziningi, ahlobene nezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zezulu ezicebile. Isibonelo, ama-coati ajwayeleke kahle ngisho nama-pampas omile kakhulu, kanye nezindawo ezingamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama.
Ukudla okhaleni
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane zomndeni we-raccoon zidla ukudla ngosizo lwekhala elihamba kakhulu futhi elide elihambayo. Ngenkathi yokuqhuqha okunjalo, imisinga yomoya idonswa ngamandla ngamakhala okuvuvukala abonakalayo, ngenxa yalokho okusakazeka ngamahlamvu nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwezilwane ezincane ezincelisayo kufaka:
- umuhlwa;
- izintuthwane;
- izicabucabu;
- ofezela;
- zonke izinhlobo zamabhungane;
- izibungu zezinambuzane;
- izibankwa;
- amaxoxo;
- azinkulu kakhulu amagundane osayizi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amakhala ajwayele ukufuna ukudla emaqenjini wonke, qiniseka ukwazisa bonke ababambiqhaza ekusesheni ngokutholakala kokudla ngomsila omile mpo kanye nempempe yezwi.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-coati amadala azingela izinkalankala zomhlaba. Amakhala ajwayele ukucindezela noma iyiphi inyamazane yawo phakathi kwezidladla zangaphambili, ngemuva kwalokho intamo noma ikhanda lesisulu lilunywa ngamazinyo abukhali anele. Ekungabikho kokudla okuvela ezilwaneni, amakhala ayakwazi ukwanelisa isidingo sokudla ngezithelo, izidumbu, kanye nodoti ohlukahlukene ovela ezindaweni zokulahla udoti kanye netafula lomuntu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngesikhathi sokulungela okuphelele kwabesifazane ukukhwelana, abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi bavunyelwe ukungena emhlambini wezilwane ezincelisayo zobulili obuhlukile. Imvamisa, owesilisa uvikela ilungelo lakhe lokukhetha kowesifazane ngenkathi engalwi kakhulu nabanye abesilisa. Kungemva kwalokho kuphela, owesilisa onqobayo uphawula indawo yokuhlala yalabo abashadayo ngephunga elibi. Noma imuphi omunye owesilisa uzama ukugwema lezi zindawo ezimakiwe. Isiko, elenziwa ngaphambi kokukhwelana, yinqubo yokuthi owesilisa ahlanze izinwele zabesifazane.
Isikhathi sokuzala sowesifazane wenzalo yakhe cishe izinsuku ezingama-75-77. Masinyane ngaphambi kokubeletha, amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwamathole, insikazi iyaxosha iduna, futhi ishiye nomhlambi uqobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi yenza isidleke esihlahleni, ngaphakathi lapho kuzalwa khona amawundlu.
Inani elilinganiselwe labantu abazalwe, njengomthetho, liyahlukahluka phakathi kwamawundlu angama-2-6 angaboni, angezwa futhi angenamazinyo. Ubude bengane abudluli ku-28-30 cm ngesisindo esingaba ngama-150 g. Amakhala abona ngamehlo ngosuku lweshumi kuphela, kanti ukuzwa kwezinsana kuvela emasontweni amathathu ubudala. Inzalo ye-nosoha ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke ngemuva kwenyanga izinsikazi namazinyane azo zibuyela emhlambini wazo.
Ngaphakathi komhlambi womdabu, osekhulile futhi ongakazalwa, izinsikazi ezisencane zisiza abesifazane ukukhulisa inzalo ekhulayo... Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuthi cishe amasonto amabili noma amathathu ubudala, amakhala amancane asevele azama ukuzulazula aphume esidlekeni sawo. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ihlala ihambisana namazinyane ayo, ngakho-ke ivimbela ngobuchule yonke imizamo yezingane yokushiya indawo ephephile. Ezimweni zemvelo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona inzalo yamakhala.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo zamakhala ziyizinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama, njengama-hawk, ama-kites, kanye nama-ocelots, ama-boas nama-jaguar. Lapho kusondela ubungozi obuncane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane zomndeni wama-raccoon ziyakwazi ukucasha ngobuhlakani emgodini oseduze noma emgodini ojulile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imvamisa abantu bazingela amakhala emvelweni, kanti inyama yalesi silwane esisezingeni eliphakathi ihlonishwa kakhulu ngabomdabu baseMelika.
Ukubalekela izidalwa, amakhala ahlala efinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-25-30 km ngehora. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, isilwane esincelisayo esinjalo singagijima ngaphandle kokuma amahora amathathu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngaphandle kokuthi njengamanje izinhlobo eziningi ze-nosoha zisengozini, kunezizathu ezithile zokukhathazeka ngezishoshovu zamalungelo ezilwane nososayensi. Isibonelo, ikhala likaNelson, elihlala endaweni yesiqhingi saseCozumel eMexico, lisongelwa ngokuqothulwa, ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezokuvakasha kanye nezimboni.
Amakhala asezintabeni njengamanje azwela kakhulu ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi nasekusetshenzisweni komhlaba ngabantu. Izilwane ezinjalo manje sezivikelwe ngohlelo lweCONVENTION Sites III e-Uruguay. Phakathi kokunye, ukuzingela nokungena kwabantu okusebenzayo ezindaweni zezilwane kuyingozi ezilwaneni ezidlayo.
