I-redstart ibhekwa ngokufanele njengenye yezinyoni ezincane ezinhle kakhulu engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Encane, elingana nondlunkulu, edwetshiwe ngemibala ebomvu egqamile nemililo ebomvu, lobu buhle obunezimpiko buwumhlobiso weqiniso wokuphila kwamapaki, izingadi namahlathi ase-Eurasia. Futhi lona kanye igama elithi "redstart" livela kumkhuba ojwayelekile wabamele lolu hlobo lokuthinta umsila walo, ngalesi sikhathi ofana namalangabi omlilo azulazula emoyeni.
Incazelo ye-redstart
Ama-redstarts angomndeni wabadobi bezindiza be-oda Passerine... Lezi zinyoni zisabalele e-Eurasia, kanye nasenyakatho ne-Afrika, lapho zihlala khona ngokuzithandela emahlathini, emapaki nase-step-steppes.
Ukubukeka
I-redstart iyinyoni engadluli ubukhulu benyoni. Ubude bomzimba wayo abudluli ku-10-15 cm, kanti isisindo saso ngama-gramu angama-20. Amaphiko ale nyoni angaba ngamasentimitha angama-25. Kumthethosisekelo wawo, i-redstart nayo ifana nondlunkulu ojwayelekile, kepha inobuhle futhi iyakhanya. Inomzimba ongekho mkhulu kakhulu ngesimo se-oval elenziwe kancane elinomkhawulo omncane, ikhanda elincanyana elilinganiselwe elinomlomo ofana nomuntu odlulayo, kodwa lide kancane futhi lincane.
Amehlo amnyama futhi acwebezela, njengobuhlalu. Izimpiko zifushane, kodwa ziqine ngokwanele. Umsila endizeni ufana nefeni evuleke uhhafu, kuthi lapho inyoni ihleli egatsheni noma phansi, umsila wayo ubuye ubukeke njengefeni, kepha isigoqiwe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kwezinye izinhlobo zama-redstarts, ikakhulukazi ahlala e-Asia, izimpaphe ezivela phezulu azinampunga, kepha zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okudala umehluko omkhulu kakhulu phakathi kwethoni elibandayo lombala ongemuva nombala osawolintshi ofudumele wesisu sale nyoni nomsila wayo obomvu ngokubomvu.
Imilenze ye-redstart mncane, inombala omnyama ompunga noma omnyama, uzipho lincane kepha luyaqina: sibonga kubo, le nyoni igcinwa kalula egatsheni.
Ukuziphatha, indlela yokuphila
I-redstart ejwayelekile iyinhlobo yezinyoni ezifudukayo: ichitha ihlobo e-Eurasia, bese indizela e-Afrika noma eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia ebusika. Imvamisa, ukufuduka kwasekwindla kwalolu hlobo, kuya ngengxenye yobubanzi lapho kuhlala khona lezi zinyoni, kuqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma engxenyeni yokuqala yasekwindla bese kwehla maphakathi no-Agasti - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ama-redstarts abuyela ezweni lawo ngo-Ephreli, kanti abesilisa bafika ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwezinsikazi.
Lezi zinyoni ezikhanyayo zihlala esidlekeni somuthi, kepha uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, zakha izidleke kwezinye izindlu zemvelo: emigodini nasemigodini yeziqu noma iziphunzi, kanye nemfoloko emagatsheni ezihlahla.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Redstart ayinakho ukukhetha ukuphakama kwesidleke: lezi zinyoni zingazakha zombili ezingeni lomhlabathi nangaphezulu esiqwini noma emagatsheni esihlahla.
Esikhathini esiningi, owesifazane oyedwa ubandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwesidleke: usakha ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amagxolo ezihlahla, iziqu ezomile zezitshalo ezinamaqabunga, amahlamvu, imicu emincane, izinaliti nezimpaphe zezinyoni.
AmaRedstarts ayaziwa ngokucula kwawo, okususelwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, ezifana nemisindo eyenziwe ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, njenge-finch, starling, flycatcher.
Mangaki ama-redstarts ahlala bukhoma
Isikhathi sokuphila se-redstart endaweni yaso yemvelo ayidluli iminyaka eyi-10. Ekuthunjweni, lezi zinyoni zingaphila isikhathi eside.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
I-dimorphism yezocansi kulezi zinhlobo ibizwa: abesilisa bahluke kakhulu kwabesifazane ngombala. Empeleni, kungenxa yokuthi kubongwa abesilisa ngokuqhathanisa umbala wabo ompunga ngokubomvu noma oluhlaza okotshani o-orange ukuthi le nyoni yathola igama layo, ngoba abesifazane base-redstart banemibala enesizotha kakhulu: ngemibala e-brownish yokukhanya nokuqina okuhlukahlukene. Kwezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo kuphela lapho abesifazane benombala ocishe ufane nowabesilisa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abesifazane abakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngombala ogqamile: kusuka phezulu banombala ompunga, futhi kuphela isisu nomsila wabo okhanyayo, obomvu ngokusawolintshi.
Ngakho-ke, kowesilisa we-redstart evamile, emuva nekhanda kunombala ompunga onsundu, isisu sipendwe ngomthunzi obomvu okhanyayo, futhi umsila unamandla, u-orenji okhanyayo, ukuze uma ukude ubonakale uvutha njengelangabi. Ibunzi lale nyoni lihlotshiswe ngebala elimhlophe qwa, kanti umphimbo nentamo ezinhlangothini kumnyama... Ngenxa yale nhlanganisela yemibala ehlukile, i-redstart yesilisa iyabonakala buqamama, naphezu kokuthi lezi zinyoni azinkulu ngosayizi.
Izinhlobo ze-Redstart
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziyi-14 zokuqala kabusha:
- I-Alashan Redstart
- I-redstart red-reded
- Ukuqala kabusha okumpunga
- IBlack Redstart
- Ukuqala kabusha okuvamile
- Ukuqalisa kabusha kwenkambu
- Ukuqalisa kabusha okumhlophe okomhlophe
- Ukuqala kabusha kweSiberia
- Ukuqala kabusha okumhlophe
- I-red-bellied redstart
- Ukuqala kabusha okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Ukuqala kabusha okumpunga
- ILuzon Water Redstart
- Ukuqala kabusha okumhlophe
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezibalwe ngenhla, kwakukhona uhlobo olwalungasekho lwe-redstart olwaluhlala endaweni yaseHungary yanamuhla ngezikhathi zePliocene.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ububanzi bama-redstarts buqhubeka budlule indawo yase-Europe futhi, ikakhulukazi iRussia... Iqala eGreat Britain inyukele eTransbaikalia naseYakutia. Lezi zinyoni zihlala nase-Asia - ikakhulukazi eChina nasezintabeni zeHimalaya. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-redstart zihlala kude eningizimu - kuze kufike eNdiya nasePhilippines, kanti izinhlobo eziningi zitholakala nase-Afrika.
Iningi lama-redstarts lithanda ukuhlala endaweni esehlathini, noma ngabe yi-broadleaf noma yihlathi elishubile elisentropical: zombili ezijwayelekile nezintaba. Kodwa lezi zinyoni azithandi amahlathi amakhulu futhi ziyazivikela. Imvamisa, ukuqala kabusha kungatholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi, ezingadini ezingasetshenzisiwe nasemapaki, kanye nokuhlanzwa okungekho ehlathini, lapho kuneziqu eziningi khona. Yilapho lezi zinyoni eziphakathi nendawo zikhetha ukuhlala khona: phela ezindaweni ezinjalo kulula ukuthola indawo yokukhosela yemvelo uma kusondela ingozi, kanye nezinto zokwakha isidleke.
Ukudla okuqala kabusha
I-redstart ikakhulukazi inyoni edla izinambuzane. Kepha ekwindla, uvame ukuzondla ngokudla kwezitshalo: izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamajikijolo ehlathi noma engadini, njengejwayelekile noma i-chokeberry, i-currant, i-elderberry.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-redstart ayizibukeli phansi noma yiziphi izinambuzane futhi ehlobo kubhubhisa inani elikhulu lezilokazane, njengama-click beetle, ama-beetle, izimbungulu, amacimbi ahlukahlukene, omiyane nezimpukane. Kuliqiniso, izinambuzane ezilusizo njengesibonelo, izicabucabu noma izintuthwane, zingaba isisulu sale nyoni.
Kodwa-ke, ama-redstarts alusizo olukhulu ekubulaleni izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zasengadini nasehlathini. Ekuthunjweni, lezi zinyoni zivame ukondliwa zombili izinambuzane eziphilayo nokudla okukhethekile kwe-surrogate.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Njengomthetho, abesilisa babuya ebusika ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwezinsikazi futhi ngokushesha baqale ukufuna indawo yokwakha isidleke. Ukuze benze lokhu, bathola umgodi ofanele, umgodi esiqwini somuthi, noma nje inqwaba yezinkuni ezifile ilele phansi. Inyoni ayishiyi indawo ekhethiwe futhi ayivumeli izimbangi eziseduze nayo, ezingayithatha.
Ngemuva kokufika kwabesifazane, isiko lokuqomisana liyaqala... Futhi-ke, uma okhethiwe aneliseka kokubili owesilisa nendawo akhethwe nguye, wakha isidleke bese ebeka kuso kusuka emaqanda amahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okotshani. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-redstart isebenzisa cishe izinsuku eziyi-7-8 ukwakha isidleke, ngoba isondela kahle kuleli bhizinisi.
Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda izinsuku eziyi-14 ngqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinsukwini zokuqala, ushiya isikhashana esidlekeni ayofuna ukudla, futhi lapho ebuya, uphendulela amaqanda ukuze angalali ngohlangothi olulodwa, ngoba lokhu kuphazamisa ukukhula okuvamile kwamachwane. Uma insikazi ingekho ngaphezu kwekota yehora, khona-ke owesilisa uqobo uthatha indawo yakhe aze abuye.
Uma amaqanda abekwe yizinyoni noma amazinyane efa ngasizathu simbe, ama-redstarts enza i-clutch entsha. Ama-redstarts azalwa engenalusizo ngokuphelele: enqunu, eyimpumputhe futhi engezwa. Kwaphela amasonto amabili, abazali bondla izingane zabo. Ziletha izinambuzane ezincane ezinkukhu, njengezimpukane, izicabucabu, omiyane, amacimbi kanye namabhungane amancane anekhava enzima kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ekuqaleni, ngenkathi amaphuphu engakakhuli, insikazi ayishiyi isidleke, ngoba uma kungenjalo zingaba yiqhwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uletha ukudla hhayi kuphela kwenzalo, kepha nakuye.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, izinyoni ezindala ziqala ukundiza zisuka kwelinye igatsha ziye kwelinye, zikhala kakhulu, zikhala ngokuthusayo futhi, ngalokho, zizame ukuxosha umhlaseli noma ziphambukise ukunaka kwazo. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili ezelwe, amaphuphu angakakwazi ukundiza aqala ukushiya isidleke, kepha angahambi kude nawo. Abazali bondliwa elinye isonto baze bathathe uhambo lwabo lokuqala. Futhi ngemuva kokuthi ama-redstarts amancane esefunde ukundiza, ekugcineni azimela. Ama-redstarts abonakala efinyelela ekuvuthweni kwezocansi ngasekupheleni konyaka wabo wokuqala wokuphila.
Izinyoni ezindala, ngemuva kokuthi amachwane eshiye isidleke sazo sendabuko, enza i-clutch yesibili yamaqanda, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esifudumele, ama-redstarts awakwazi ukuqandula elilodwa, kepha amachwane amabili. Ngasikhathi sinye, benza i-clutch yokugcina yalelo hlobo kungakadluli uJulayi, ukuze wonke amatshwele abo abe nesikhathi sokuqina futhi afunde ukundiza kahle ngesikhathi abashiya ngaso ebusika. Okuthakazelisa nakakhulu, lezi zinyoni akuzona ezenhlobo eyodwa futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, eyeduna nayo "ingalondoloza ubuhlobo" ngasikhathi sinye nabesifazane ababili noma ngaphezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, unakekela wonke amazinyane akhe, kepha ngezindlela ezihlukile: uvakashela isidleke esisodwa kaningi kunezinye futhi uchitha isikhathi esiningi lapho kunezinye.
Izitha zemvelo
Phakathi kwezitha zemvelo ze-redstart, indawo ekhethekile ihlala izinyoni ezidla inyama, emini nasebusuku.... Futhi, amagwababa echobana, onogwaja nezinye izinyoni ezidla umhlanganiso ezihlala ezingadini nasemapaki zibeka ingozi kulezi zinhlobo.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezingakhuphuka ezihlahleni, ikakhulukazi lezo zomndeni weasel, nazo zingazingela i-redstart futhi zidle bobabili abadala nezinsizwa namaqanda. Ingozi enkulu yalezi zinhlobo, kanye nazo zonke izinyoni ezidla ezihlahleni, imelwe izinyoka, ezivame ukuthola izidleke zokuqala kabusha futhi zidle amaqanda, amaphuphu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyoni ezindala uma zibanjwa ngokuzumayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
I-redstart ejwayelekile iyinhlobo esabalele, inhlalakahle yayo engasongelwa yilutho, futhi inikezwe isikhundla seLeast Concern. Ngezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo, akuyona yonke into ehamba kahle, ngoba, isibonelo, ukuqala kabusha kwamanzi eLuzon kugcwele futhi ububanzi bawo bukhawulelwe endaweni encane, ukuze noma yikuphi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu noma umsebenzi womnotho womuntu ungabulala lezi zinyoni.
Isimo sezinye izinhlobo
- I-Alashan Redstart: "Vala endaweni esengozini."
- I-Redback Redstart: Ukukhathazeka Okuncane.
- I-Redstart enekhanda elimpunga: Ukukhathazeka Okuncane.
- IBlack Redstart: "Ukukhathazeka Okuncane."
- I-Field Redstart: Ukukhathazeka Okuncane.
- I-Redstart enombala omhlophe: Ukukhathazeka Okuncane.
- I-Redstart yaseSiberia: Ukukhathazeka Okuncane.
- I-Redstart enebhala elimhlophe: Ukukhathazeka Okuncane.
- I-Redstart enebhande elibomvu: Ukukhathazeka Okuncane.
- I-Redstart ebheke phambili eBlue: Ukukhathazeka Okuncane.
- I-Redstart enekhanda elimpunga: Ukukhathazeka Okuncane.
- I-Luzon Water Redstart: "Esikhundleni Esengozini."
- I-Redstart emhlophe emhlophe: Ukukhathazeka Okuncane.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izinhlobo eziningi zokuqala kabusha ziningi futhi zichuma impela, yize kukhona ukushintshashintsha kwemvelo ngosayizi wabantu. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwalokhu, kwezinye izindawo zamabanga azo, lezi zinyoni zingase zibe zincane ngenani, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, zenzeka e-Ireland, lapho ama-redstarts engavamile kakhulu futhi angahlali minyaka yonke.
Kuyathakazelisa!Emazweni amaningi, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokulondoloza inani lalezi zinyoni, ngokwesibonelo, eFrance, kunqatshelwe ukubulawa ngamabomu kwalezi zinyoni, ukubhujiswa kwezinduku zazo kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezidleke. Futhi kuleli zwe akuvunyelwe ukuthengisa ukuqala kabusha okugxishiwe noma izingxenye zomzimba wabo, nezinyoni eziphilayo.
I-redstart iyinyoni encane elingana nondlunkulu enezimpaphe ezikhanyayo, eziphikisanayo, ezihlanganisa zombili izithunzi ezibandayo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nezingwevu ezingathathi hlangothi zihlangene nokubomvu okufudumele komlilo noma okubomvu. Lisabalele eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, lapho kuhlala khona amahlathi, izingadi namapaki. Le nyoni, edla kakhulu izinambuzane, inenzuzo enkulu, ibhubhisa izinambuzane zasehlathini nasezingadini.
I-Redstart ivame ukugcinwa ekuthunjweni, njengoba ivumelana kahle nempilo esehokweni futhi ingahlala khona iminyaka eminingana. Kuyiqiniso, ama-redstarts akuvamile ukuthi acule ekuthunjweni. Kepha endaweni yemvelo, ama-trill abo emodi angazwakala nasebumnyameni, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa noma ngemuva kokushona kwelanga.
