I-River perch, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-perch ejwayelekile (i-Perca fluviatilis), iyinhlanzi engohlobo lwe-perch perch kanye nomndeni we-perch (i-Percidae). Abamele i-oda le-Perciformes bahlukaniswa ukubukeka kwabo futhi basakazeke kakhulu emzimbeni wamanzi weplanethi yethu.
Incazelo yama-bass emfula
Umehluko omkhulu wedwala lomfula yile:
- indawo yethambo langaphambi kwe-vertebra yokuqala ngenqubo ye-neural;
- inani elikhulu lemisebe etholakala emaphikweni;
- inani elikhulu lama-gill stamens;
- umzimba omncane ovulekile;
- ukutholakala kwemivimbo emnyama emnyama;
- ubude obude bokuqala be-dorsal fin;
- indawo emnyama ekugcineni kwesiphetho sokuqala se-dorsal;
- umhlathi ongezansi ohlangene;
- izikali eziningi kulayini ohlangothini;
- inani elikhulu lama-vertebrae.
I-perch ivame ukutholakala emisebenzini yasendulo edumile, futhi abadwebi baveza lezi zinhlanzi emidwebeni ethandwayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Emazweni amaningi, kusetshenziswa izitembu zokuposa ezinomfanekiso wamapheku futhi zithandwa kakhulu, futhi kwamanye amadolobha aseFinland naseJalimane le nhlanzi itholakala kuphawu.
Ukubukeka
Njengomthetho, ubude obumaphakathi betshe lomfula omdala ezimweni zemvelo abudluli ku-45-50 cm, ngesisindo somzimba esingu-2.0-2.1 kg... Abanye abantu ngabanye bayakwazi ukufinyelela osayizi abahlaba umxhwele ngokwengeziwe. Ubukhulu obukhulu babamele abantu abadala bohlobo lwamanzi Amanzi ahlanzekile emzimbeni ngamunye wemvelo wamanzi angahluka kakhulu.
Ipherch inomzimba ocindezelwe kamuva, ogcwele izikali ezincane ezi-ctenoid ezincane. Umzimba wetshezi ubonakala ngombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza ngokutholakala kwemivimbo emnyama eguqukayo ezinhlangothini, inani lazo lingahluka ngaphakathi kwezingcezu eziyisishiyagalolunye. Indawo yesisu yentsimbi imhlophe. Ama-perches aneziphetho ezimbili zasemuva ezisondelene kakhulu. Isiphetho sokuqala sangemuva sinde futhi siphakeme kunesesibili, siqala masinyane ngenhla kwesisekelo se-pectoral fin noma ngaphambi kwaso.
Kukhona ichashaza elimnyama engxenyeni yokugcina ye-dorsal first fin, okuyisici esivelele sezinhlobo ze-perch. Amaphiko ezinhlanzi asepectoral asemfishane kunamaphiko okhalo. Isiphetho sokuqala sangemuva sinombala ompunga, kanti umphetho wesibili wokugaya unombala oluhlaza okotshani. Amaphiko we-pectoral ne-anal aphuzi, kwesinye isikhathi abomvu. Amaphiko okhalo anombala okhanyayo ngombala obomvu ogqamile. Isiphetho se-caudal sihlala simnyama ezansi futhi sinombala obomvu enqeni noma ezinhlangothini.
I-perch yabantu abadala ibonakaliswa yimpumulo ebuthuntu, kanye nokuba khona kwe-hump ebonakalayo kodwa encane ngemuva kwekhanda. Umhlathi ongaphezulu uvame ukuphela kulayini omile maphakathi kwamehlo.
Iris inombala ophuzi. Ithambo le-operculum elisengxenyeni engenhla limbozwe ngezikali, lapho kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ngisho nomgogodla ophindwe kabili one-prerated preoperculum. Amazinyo e-perch angama-bristle, ahlelwe ngemigqa emathanjeni nasezihlathini ze-palatine. Ama-canine awekho nhlobo ngisho nasezindlini zabantu abadala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-dimorphism of perch perch inombolo enkulu yesikali kulayini ohlangothini lomzimba wesilisa, imisebe eminingi yezipikili engxenyeni yesibili yesiphetho, kanye nomzimba omncane namehlo amakhulu.
Izimbungulu ze-branchial zezinhlobo zezinhlobo azikho ukuhlangana komunye nomunye. Izihlathi zimbozwe ngokuphelele ngezikali, futhi azikho izikali esifundeni se-caudal fin. Kuthosi, izikali zithambile, kepha njengoba zikhula, ziba namandla kakhulu futhi ziqine ngokweqile. Ekuqaleni kwengxenye yamathumbu emathunjini, kunezinqubo eziyimpumputhe ngendlela yama-pyloric appendages. Isibindi sezinhlanzi sivezwa izingxenye ezimbili, kanti i-gallbladder inkulu impela.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ehlobo, ama-perches amancane akhetha imifudlana noma amatheku agcwele izimila zasemanzini. Ngalesi sikhathi, izingqimba ezindala zakha izikole ezincane ezinenhlanzi eziyishumi. Ama-perches amancane ahlangana emhlambini, inani lawo ngokuvamile elifinyelela kumakhulu abantu. Ipherch zama ukuhlala eduze kwamadamu esigayo abhujisiwe, eduze kwezingodo ezinkulu noma amatshe amakhulu. Ngenxa yobukhona bombala oluhlaza ovikelayo, ama-perches adla ngempumelelo akwazi ukuzingela izinhlanzi ezincane endaweni yokuqamekela, etholakala phakathi kwezimila zasemanzini.
Abamele abakhulu bezinhlobo bahlala ezingxenyeni ezijulile zemizimba yamanzi, kufaka phakathi izishingishane kanye nemigodi ebanjiwe... Kungenxa yalezi zindawo lapho izinhlanzi zihamba khona zizingela kusihlwa nasekuseni. Isivinini esimaphakathi le nhlanzi ekwazi ukusikhulisa singu-0.66 m / s. Izinhlanzi ezisencane zikhetha ukuzingelwa kwesikole, kuphela abantu abakhulu kakhulu ababamba inyamazane yabo bodwa. Ipherch yomfula isebenzisa indlela enolaka yokuzingela, okubandakanya ukuphishekela kakhulu inyamazane yayo ngokugxumela kaningi ngisho naphezu kwamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi inhlanzi edlayo ithathwa kakhulu ngokuzingela, igxume igxume noma ugu ngokushisa kwenjabulo yokuzingela. Ngenkathi yokuhlasela inyamazane, i-dorsal fin yensimbi ichachamba ngokweqile.
Amaphekula omfula asesigabeni sezidlakudla zasemini zensimbi ezizingela kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini, kepha ngomsebenzi omkhulu emngceleni wezikhathi zasemini nasebusuku. Ngokuqala kobusuku, umsebenzi wesilwane esinciphile kakhulu wehla kakhulu. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta umsebenzi nezinqubo zokukhula kwe-perch zimelwe umbuso wokushisa kwamanzi, kanye nobude obuphelele bamahora emini, inani le-oxygen kanye nokwakheka kokudla.
Emizimbeni yamanzi ajulile kakhulu ehlobo, ngisho nezindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu kakhulu zizama ukuhlala ekujuleni okujulile, zikhetha izindawo lapho ukwehla kwamazinga e-oxygen kungazweli kangako. Okufakazelwe ngokwesayensi iqiniso lokuthi i-thermocline inomthelela omkhulu endaweni emi mpo yezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ehlobo, abamele lezi zinhlobo bayakwazi ukwenza ukufuduka okuncane kakhulu ukuthola isisindo somzimba. Ngokuqala kobusika, ama-perches abuyela emifuleni nezimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzijabulisa.
Ekwindla, bonke abamele uhlobo lohlobo lwamanzi angenasawoti nomndeni wamachweba babuthana emihlambini emikhulu, befudukela ezindaweni ezivulekile futhi ezijulile. Ezinqolobaneni zemvelo ebusika, izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye zigxila ezindaweni ezingaphesheya komfula owenziwe amadamu.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, ama-perches ahlala eduze naphansi, ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-60-70. Ebusika, i-perch nayo ihlala isebenza kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani umgodi womfula
Isikhathi sokuphila semfula, ngokuvamile, asidluli iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zivame ukuhlala kuze kube sekota lekhulu leminyaka. Amachibi aseKarelian aduma ngalezi zinhlanzi ezinde. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa bayakwazi ukuphila ngaphansi kancane kwabesifazane.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-River perch isabalele cishe yonke indawo futhi ihlala emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi ezweni lethu, engekho eMfuleni i-Amur kuphela, kanye nemifudlana yayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lesi silwane esidonsa emanzini singatholakala emachibini aphakathi nendawo kuya kwamakhulu. Abamele uhlobo lohlobo lwamanzi angenasawoti nomndeni wamachweba abatholakali emifuleni nemifudlana enamanzi abandayo, kanye nasemifuleni yezintaba egeleza ngokushesha... IPherch nayo ihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini ezivuselelekile, kufaka phakathi iGulf of Finland neRiga yoLwandle iBaltic. Kukuzindawo ezinjalo lapho ama-perches ehlobo nasebusika evame ukubanjwa ngabaningi bezemidlalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengamanje, kunezinhlanga ezimbalwa zensimbi ezitholakala zihlangene: ibhentshi "lotshani" elincane futhi elikhula kancane, kanye nentshe "ejulile" ekhula ngokushesha futhi enkulu.
Isikhumba samanzi angenasawoti esivamile sande kakhulu emizimbeni eminingi yamanzi ahlanzekile eNyakatho Asia naseYurophu, eyethulwa emazweni ase-Afrika, eNew Zealand nase-Australia. Phambilini, imizimba eminingi yamanzi eNyakatho Melika yayihlanganisiwe nasendaweni ehlala kuyo le nhlanzi edlayo, kepha esikhathini esithile esedlule indawo yaseNyakatho Melika yahlonzwa ngososayensi njengenhlobo ehlukile ebizwa ngeYellow Perch.
Ukudla kwe-river bass
Njengoba izinqolobane zemifula zisesimweni sokungenzi lutho ebusuku, izidalwa zasemanzini ezinjalo zondla kakhulu emini. Imvamisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokudoba ekuseni, ukubonwa kwamanzi ngisho nezinhlanzi ezincane eziphuma phezulu ziyabonakala. Nakhu ukuthi ipherch yomfula, ebhekwa njengengasileli kangako ngokuya futhi inganeliseki, iholela ekuzingeleni kwayo. Ososayensi bayavumelana ngokudla okujwayelekile kwepherch. Umzingeli onjalo wasemanzini udla kakhulu:
- izinhlanzi ezincane nokukhula okuncane;
- i-caviar yezinye izakhamuzi zemizimba emisha yamanzi;
- izimbaza;
- amaxoxo;
- zooplankton;
- izibungu zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene;
- izibungu zamanzi.
Njengomthetho, ukudla kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo ngqo kuya ngezici zobudala bayo nesikhathi sonyaka. Esigabeni sokuqala sentuthuko, abantu abasha bakhetha ukuhlala ezansi, lapho badla khona ngenkuthalo ngamaplankton amancane.
Noma kunjalo, lapho ifinyelela kubude obungu-2-6 cm, izinhlanzi ezincane, okungezazo nezinye izinhlobo, ziqala ukudliwa yizinhlanzi zomfula. I-Perch ayikwazi ukunakekela kakhulu inzalo yazo, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ingondla abafowabo abancane ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Abamele abakhulu bezinhlobo bavame ukutholakala eduze nogu lolwandle, lapho badla khona i-crayfish, i-verkhovka, i-roach ne-caviar yezinye izakhamuzi zemizimba yamanzi. Izindlwana zemifula yabantu abadala ziyizilwane ezijwayele ukukwazi ukuhlasela isisulu esilandelayo nangaphambi kokuba isisulu sangaphambilini sigwinywe. Ama-perches amakhulu angazihlobisa ngendlela yokuthi ungabona imisila yezinhlanzi ezigwinyiwe ephuma emlonyeni wabo.
Sekwanele! Kaningi, ulwelwe namatshe amancane atholakala esiswini sabamele uhlobo lohlobo lwamanzi angenasawoti kanye nomndeni wentshontsho, okudingeka ukugaywa okuhle kwenhlanzi.
Isisekelo sokudla kwesidalwa sasemanzini imvamisa simelelwa yi-stickleback, minnow, crayfish, kanye nama-gobies, carpian young carp futhi alufifi... Ngokuya nge-voracity yabo, abantu abanjalo abahlala emfuleni bangaqhathaniswa kahle noma ne-pike yabantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, i-perch ivame ukuphakama kune-pike ngezindlela eziningi, njengoba zondla kaningi kakhulu futhi ngobuningi obukhulu kakhulu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ipeki lomfula livuthwa ngokocansi kuphela lapho lifinyelela eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu ubudala, futhi izidalwa zasemanzini ezinjalo ziya ezindaweni zokuzalela, ziqoqane ngemihlambi emikhulu. Inqubo yokuzalela yenzeka emanzini angajulile emifula noma emizimbeni yamanzi amasha anomsinga obuthakathaka. Umbuso wamazinga okushisa wamanzi kufanele ube phakathi kuka-7-15mayelanaKUSUKA.
Amaqanda avundiswa abesilisa anamathiselwe ezinkonqeni ezahlukahlukene zangaphansi kwamanzi, ebusweni begatsha elinezikhukhula, noma ezimpandeni zezimila zasogwini. Njengomthetho, i-clutch yamaqanda ifana nohlobo lweribhoni lentambo elifinyelela kumitha ubude, eliqukethe amaqanda ayi-700-800 ayizinkulungwane hhayi amakhulu kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-perch iyinhlanzi enezimfanelo zokunambitheka okuphezulu, yingakho kunokuthambekela kokuzalisa okusebenzayo kwalomzingeli wasemanzini usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile.
I-Redfish gazinga ichamusela cishe emavikini amathathu kuya kwamane. Ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila, ama-plankton asogwini asetshenziswa njengokudla, futhi lapho efinyelele usayizi we-10 cm, aba yizilwane ezijwayelekile. Noma yimiphi imiphakathi yasolwandle ingeyesigaba se-viviparous, kanti insikazi yaleyo ndawo ngesikhathi sokukhwelana iyakwazi ukushanela cishe ama-fry ayizigidi ezimbili, akhuphukela phezulu futhi ondle ngendlela efanayo nezingulube zamanzi angenasawoti.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo zamatshe omfula yizakhamizi ezinkulu kakhulu zasemanzini, ezimelwe yipike, ikati, ipiki, isalmon, iburbot ne-eel..
Ipherch livame ukuzingelwa ngama-loon, osprey, gulls kanye nama-terns. I-perch ingenye yezinto ezidume kakhulu zokudoba amateur ezifuywayo nezangaphandle, ngakho-ke, isitha esikhulu salesi sidalwa esisemanzini sisengumuntu.
Ezingxenyeni, ubuzimuzimu buyisici, esivame kakhulu ekwindla, kepha kwamanye amadamu emvelo ahlala kuphela ngumzingeli onjalo womfula, inqubo yokudla umuntu kuyindlela evamile yokuphila.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Emazweni amaningi, indawo ejwayelekile noma yemifula ayithathwa njengeyinhlobo evikelwe, futhi namuhla kunemikhawulo ethile kuyo ebekwa ngokujwayelekile ekubanjweni kwanoma iyiphi inhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti. Imikhawulo yokubamba ingahluka kakhulu, ngisho nasezweni elilodwa. Isibonelo, eWales naseNgilandi, manje sekunokuvinjelwa okuningana kwesizini kokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi, futhi kwamanye amazwe, ama-perches angakafiki enanini elisemthethweni kufanele akhishwe ephila abuyele echibini. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuminyana kokuqongelelwa kompheme womfula kungahluka kakhulu emizimbeni yamanzi ehlukene.
Inani lokuhweba
I-perch yinto ethandwayo nebalulekile yokudoba kwezokungcebeleka, kepha kwamanye amadamu emvelo ihlonishwa kakhulu emkhakheni wezentengiso futhi ibanjwa ngokudoba. Inyama yalesi sidalwa sasemanzini simnandi kakhulu, isetshenziselwa ukubhema, iqhwa, usawoti nezinye izinhlobo. IHornbeam, i-beech, i-alder, i-maple, i-oki, umlotha nezinye izihlahla zezithelo zisetshenziselwa ukubhema. Futhi, i-perch ejwayelekile isetshenziselwa ngenkuthalo ukulungiselela izinhlanzi ezithandwayo ezisemathinini kanye nezibopho ezinomsoco.
