Impisi ebomvu, noma impisi yasentabeni, noma impisi yaseHimalaya (iCuon alpinus), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-buanzu, iyisilwane esincelisayo somndeni wakwaCanidae. Namuhla ukuphela kwezinhlobo eziyivelakancane nezingajwayelekile zohlobo lweCuon, olusengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
Incazelo yempisi ebomvu
Izimpisi ezibomvu zihlukile kwabanye abamele ama-canine ngama-molars ambalwa nenani elikhulu lezingono.
Ukubukeka
Izimpisi ezibomvu ziyizilwane ezinkulu ngokwanele ezinomzimba wobude obungu-55-110 cm, ngomsila osayizi ka-45-50 cm kanye nesisindo somzimba esingu-17-21 kg. Ukuvela kwesilo sasendle kuhlanganisa izici zempungushe, impisi nempungushe. Umehluko omkhulu ophakathi kwempisi ejwayelekile umbala wayo, ijazi elibushelelezi nomsila omude, ofinyelela cishe ebusweni bomhlaba. Abamele lezi zinhlobo babonakala ngokuba khona komlomo omfushane futhi okhonjisiwe... Izindlebe, ezibekwe phezulu ekhanda, zinkulu, zimile, zineziqongqo ezibonakalayo eziyindilinga.
Ithoni ejwayelekile yombala wejazi ibomvu, iyahlukahluka kakhulu kubantu abaningi abahlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zebanga. Iphuzu lomsila limnyama. Kuze kube izinyanga ezintathu ubudala, amawundlu anombala onsundu onsundu. Isembozo sezinwele ebusika siphezulu kakhulu, kunalokho sithambile futhi siwugqinsi. Ehlobo, uboya bufushane ngokubonakalayo, buqine futhi bube mnyama. Umsila untofontofo ngokwanele, njengalowo wempungushe ejwayelekile. Ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka kombala nobuningi boboya, kanye nosayizi womzimba, namuhla kuchazwe izinhlobo ezingaphansi eziyishumi, ezimbili zazo ezihlala endaweni yaseRussia.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Impisi ebomvu isakhamuzi esivamile sentaba, sikhuphukela ebangeni eliphakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezine ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Engxenyeni ebalulekile yonyaka, lesi silwane esidlayo sihlala ezintabeni ze-Alps nasendaweni engaphansi komhlaba, kanye nasentabeni ye-taiga enezindawo ezinamadwala nezihosha. Ezindaweni ezivuleke kakhulu futhi ezisicaba, isilwane asihlali, kepha ngokufuna ukudla sikwazi ukwenza ukufuduka kwesizini ngamabanga amade. Kwesinye isikhathi abameleli bohlobo bangavela ezindaweni ezingavamile, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezinamathafa, amahlathi asemahlathini kanye nezingwadule.
Ngemuva kokuthi kusungulwe ikhephu eliphakeme ezintabeni, izimpisi ezibomvu ziqala ukulandela ngenkuthalo izilwane eziningi zasendle ze-artiodactyl, ezibandakanya i-argali, i-ibex, inyamazane yenyamazane nezinyamazane ezibomvu. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, izidumbu zikhetha ukuba sezintabeni, ezindaweni ezineqhwa elincane, kufaka phakathi imithambeka enokukhanya kwelanga okuhle. Izimpisi ezibomvu zihlala futhi zizingele ngemihlambi emincane, imvamisa iba nabantu abayishumi nambili bezizukulwane eziningana. Kwesinye isikhathi inani lezilwane emhlambini lidlula amashumi amabili noma amathathu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Imisindvo leyentiwa timpisi letibovu yehluke kakhulu, uma kucatsaniswa nempisi levamile, ikukhumbuza ngekucula lokucula kanye nekucula lokudvonsiwe.
Imvamisa, ubudlelwano ngaphakathi kwephakeji obunjalo abunalo ulaka. Ukuqiniswa kobudlelwano obuphezulu kwenzeka ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Isiphephelo sesilwane ngokuvamile siyizikhala ezinamadwala ezilingana ngokwanele, kanye nemicengezi nemigede. Isilwane ngokwemvelo sinezindlebe ezithuthukile, siyakwazi ukubhukuda futhi sigxume, sinqobe kalula ibanga elingamamitha ayisithupha. Izimpisi ezibomvu zikhetha ukugwema abantu, ngakho-ke azithanjiswanga, kepha ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza kahle ngokwanele ekuthunjweni.
Impisi ebomvu ihlala isikhathi esingakanani
Kunezimo ezaziwayo lapho isikhathi sokuphila sempisi ebomvu ekuthunjweni sasiyiminyaka eyi-15-16, kepha endle isilwane esincelisayo esinjalo siphila kancane. Endaweni yazo engokwemvelo, lezi zilwane ezidlayo kufanele zenze umzabalazo cishe njalo futhi onolaka kakhulu wokuphila, ngakho-ke, izilwane emvelweni zivame ukuhlala cishe iminyaka emihlanu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ngakho-ke, ukungafani kobulili phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa bempisi ebomvu akubonakali kakhulu futhi kumelelwa kuphela umehluko omncane wezidlakela ezindala ngosayizi womzimba.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ubuningi bendawo yokuhlala nobubanzi bempisi ebomvu buphakathi ne-Asia eseNingizimu, eningizimu ye-East Asia, kufaka phakathi i-Indonesia, India, China neTibet, kanye neMongolia, iziqhingi zaseJava naseSumatra. Ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala, ezindaweni ezinjalo umhlaseli uqothulwa ngokuphelele noma asuswe dengwane ngabantu, ezindaweni lapho engekho khona ezindaweni ezinkulu ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Ngokuyisisekelo, isilwane esidlayo asikho ezingxenyeni zasogwadule nasezintabeni zobubanzi.
Enyakatho, umngcele webanga lempisi ebomvu ungcezu oluncane kakhulu endaweni yaseRussia. Izindawo zokuhlala zasendle ezinjalo zimelwe emaphethelweni aseningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude, eSentral naseMpumalanga yeSiberia, lapho izimpisi ezibomvu zingavamile kakhulu futhi zingandile. Kuyo yonke indawo abahlala kuyo, izimpisi ezibomvu zithanda izintaba nomqansa onamagquma.
Lesi silwane esidla inyama esingandile singahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, ezisukela ezimfundeni eziphakeme, kufaka phakathi izigodi eziphakeme zezintaba ezinotshani obuningi bendawo, nasezindaweni zamahlathi ezinomsedari zaseMpumalanga Ekude, kufaka phakathi amahlathi amakhulu aseMpumalanga yeSiberia. Noma kunjalo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zinjani izici zokuhlala kwendawo ephaketheni lezimpisi ezibomvu, isimo esingabalulekile siyimbozo leqhwa lokuphakama okungabalulekile. Iqhwa elijule kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi liphoqa ukuthi isilwane sifudukele kwezinye, hhayi ezindaweni ezinesithwathwa kakhulu.
Ukudla kwempisi ebomvu
Impisi ebomvu ingeyesigaba sabahlaseli abajwayelekile. Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka, cishe noma yiziphi izilwane zasehlathini zingasebenza njengokudla kwesilwane esinjalo. Noma kunjalo, isisekelo sokudla kwempisi yabantu abadala imvamisa kuyizinhlobonhlobo zezingulus zasendle ezinkulu kakhulu. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi ngesikhathi sasehlobo isilwane esidlayo sisebenzisa inani elanele lokudla kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi imifino ye-rhubarb yentaba. I-Mountain rhubarb yayihlala itholakala emihumeni yezimpisi lapho kukhona imidlwane, ngakho-ke kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izimpisi ezindala ezibomvu zondla izilwane ezisencane kubo, ziphinda ziphinde zigaye isigamu, kepha zingakhuli ngokuphelele.
Kwesinye isikhathi isilwane esidlayo esidala endle singadliwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zezidumbu. Izimpisi ezibomvu zivame ukuhambisa inyamazane yazo emanzini, ziphazamise kakhulu ukuhamba kwezilwane futhi zikwenze kufinyeleleke kalula. Ngaphambi kokuzingelwa, izilwane ezidlayo zenza umkhuba oyinkimbinkimbi, ophoqelekile ohlanganisa ukugcoba nokuhogela, kanye nezikhundla zobungqingili nobungqingili.
Izimpisi ezibomvu ziyahamba zizingela ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasemini, zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzingela nezinhlobo zendabuko zokuhlasela isisulu sazo, okuncike ngqo kusayizi wepakethe elenziwe, izici zokusiza zensimu nezimpawu zezinhlobo zezilwane. Isibonelo, izimpisi zithanda ukuzingela zodwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-lagomorphs namagundane, futhi ngumhlambi kuphela ongazingela izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokungafani nemikhono eminingi yasendle, impisi ebomvu ibulala inyamazane yayo, ingayibambi ngomphimbo, kepha ihlasela kakhulu ngemuva, ngakho izidalwa ezimbili noma ezintathu ezindala ziyakwazi ukubulala inyamazane engamakhilogremu angu-50 esikhathini esingaphansi kwemizuzu embalwa.
Iqembu lezimpisi, eliqukethe abantu abadala abayi-15-20, lihlala lisebenza ngokuzwana kakhulu, ngakho-ke lingazingela ngempumelelo ngisho nesilwane esikhulu kangaka njengenyathi... Impisi ebomvu iyayifuna futhi ithole inyamazane yayo ngephunga, ngemuva kwalokho kuqale ukujaha kwendabuko. Isilwane esinjalo esidla ezinye sihamba kancane kunezimpungushe nezimpungushe, kodwa sihlukaniswa nokubekezela ngokweqile, ngenxa yokuthi silandela isisulu saso kuze kube yilapho sesikhathele ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokubamba inyamazane enkulu kakhulu, iphakethe lezimpisi ezibomvu liyayiluma, ngakho-ke ngemuva kwesikhashana inyamazane iyawa futhi idliwe yizilwane ezidlayo. Kunamacala aziwa kakhulu lapho iphakethe lezimpisi lihambisa inyamazane elandelwa emaphethelweni ewa, lapho baphoqa ukuthi iphule.
Ukuzala nenzalo
ENdiya, abamele izilwane ezincelisayo ezidla inyama zomndeni waseCanidae bangazala cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu ngonyaka. Imvamisa, isikhathi sokuzala kabusha kwempisi ebomvu siwela esikhathini kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuJanuwari sifaka phakathi. Lapho igcinwe ekuthunjweni, emapaki ezilwane asezindleleni eziphakathi nendawo, umkhuba wezilwane ezidliwayo ubonwa kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari kuze kube sekupheleni kukaFebhuwari.
Isikhathi esiphelele sokukhulelwa kwezimpisi ezibomvu ezigcinwe emapaki ezilwane ezifuywayo cishe izinyanga ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Isilinganiso sikasayizi kadoti orekhodwe eNdiya sisuka kumachwane amane kuya kwayisithupha. Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokukhipha amawundlu ayishumi nambili emgodini wempisi, kepha, ngokusho kososayensi abaningi, inani elinjalo labantu lingaba yinyama ehlangene yabesifazane ababili noma abathathu ngasikhathi sinye. Imidlwane yempisi ebomvu esanda kuzalwa inombala onsundu onsundu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokungafani nephakethe lempisi, lapho ukukhwelana kungukudla komuntu oyedwa, izimpisi ezibomvu zihlala zinikeza imidlwane yazo kuqala, ngakho-ke ziyazivumela ukuba zidle kuqala, futhi amalungu omndeni onjalo ondla omama bawo nezilwane ezisencane, abuyise ukudla.
Amawundlu asanda kuzalwa angaboni ngokuphelele, awanamazinyo futhi ahlukaniswa yimisele yokuzwa evaliwe. Isisindo somdlwane sihluka phakathi kwama-200-350 amagremu. Amantshontsho avula amehlo awo esenamasonto amabili ubudala. Endle, imidlwane yempisi ebomvu ishiya umgodi wayo kuphela lapho inezinsuku ezingama-70-80.
Amawundlu azalelwa ezimweni zepaki yezilwane okokuqala ngqa angakhasa aphume emgodini esenonyaka owodwa nje. Ngesikhathi sezinyanga eziyisikhombisa ubudala, amawundlu asevele esekwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni ngokuhlanganyela, kepha afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi kuphela eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu.
Izitha zemvelo
Imbangi enkulu yempisi ebomvu ezimweni zemvelo iminyaka eminingi ibingumzala wayo ojwayelekile ompunga, ngenxa yezici eziningi zemvelo, kufaka phakathi amakhono amahle kakhulu okuzingela nokuqina komzimba okungcono. Inani lezimpisi elimpunga liyaqhubeka nokukhula ngamandla futhi ligudluza ngamandla izimpisi ezibomvu ezisengcupheni njengamanje. Isilwane esingajwayelekile, esisengozini yokulwa silwela ukusinda nge-lynx nengwe yeqhwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimpisi ezibomvu zisabhekene nokushushiswa ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni, ngakho-ke, manje sekuqalisiwe ukuvinjelwa futhi sekuqaliswe nezinhlawulo ezinhle ngokudubula lesi silwane esisengozini.
Izifo eziningi zinomthelela omubi kakhulu kubantu bezimpisi ezibomvu, phakathi kwazo okuyisifo namarabi okubeka ingozi ethile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ukuziphatha kwabantu kushuba isimo sesilo sasendle. Izindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zakhiwa ngabantu njalo, okudala ukwehla okubonakalayo kwenani lezilwane ezinkulu ezinamaphondo, kufaka phakathi izinyamazane nezinyamazane. Isisekelo somsoco, esinyakaziswe kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, senze izilwane zabulawa yindlala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Impisi ebomvu ibhalwe kuRed Book of the Russian Federation. Ohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN, umhlaseli wanikezwa isikhundla “Sezinhlobo Ezisengozini Yokushabalala”. Izinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo ukusindisa impisi ebomvu zisezingeni lomhlaba wonke namuhla, nasensimini yezwe lethu isilwane esidlayo sithathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa okugcwele nguhulumeni.
Izindawo lapho kusinde khona inani lempisi ebomvu. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, izindawo zokulondolozwa kwezilwane zasendle zihlelwe ngenkuthalo ukuze zivikele umhlaseli nezilwane zasendle ezisetshenziswa njengezisulu. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokuqwashisa abantu kuhloswe ngawo ukuvimbela ukudutshulwa ngephutha kwalezi zilwane ezisengozini. Ayikho imininingwane eqondile ngesibalo samanje sempisi ebomvu.
