I-hoopoe (i-Upupa epops) iyinyoni encane futhi enemibala egqamile enomlomo omude omncane nomqubuko, kwesinye isikhathi uvuleke kakhulu ngesimo sefeni. Lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni zingezokuhleleka kwe-Hornbill kanye nomndeni weHoopoe (Upupidae).
Incazelo ye-hoopoe
Inyoni encane endala okungenani ingamasentimitha angama-25-29 ubude ngamaphiko ajwayelekile angama-44-48 cm... Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungavamile, i-hoopoe ingeyesigaba sezinyoni ezibonakala kalula.
Ukubukeka
Abamele i-oda le-Hornbill kanye nomndeni wakwaHoopoe bahlukaniswa ubukhona bezimpaphe ezimnyama ezimhlophe ezimnyama nezimhlophe zamaphiko nomsila, uqhwaku olude futhi oluncane oluncane, kanye noqweqwe olude olutholakala endaweni yekhanda. Umbala wentamo, ikhanda, nesifuba, kuya ngezici ze-subspecies, ungahluka kusuka kumbala obomvana kuya kumbala we-chestnut onsundu.
Abamele lolu hlobo bahlukaniswa ngamaphiko abanzi futhi ayindilinga, anemibala ephawulekayo ngemivimbo emhlophe ephuzi nokumnyama. Umsila mude ngobude obuphakathi nendawo, umnyama, unebhande elibanzi elimhlophe phakathi. Isisu esisemzimbeni sinombala obomvana ngokugqamile, lapho kukhona khona imivimbo emide emnyama ezinhlangothini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngezikhathi zamaqaba, phakathi kwamaChechens no-Ingush, ama-hoopoes ("tushol-kotam") ayethathwa njengezinyoni ezingcwele, ezimele unkulunkulukazi wenzalo, intwasahlobo nokuzala uTusholi.
I-crest esifundeni sekhanda inombala obomvu osawolintshi, ngeziqongo zezimpaphe ezimnyama. Imvamisa, inyoni yenyoni iyinkimbinkimbi futhi inobude obungu-5 kuya ku-10 cm. Noma kunjalo, ngenkathi ifika, abamele i-oda le-Hornbill kanye nomndeni wakwaHoopoe bayisakaze phezulu futhi baphume. Umlomo wenyoni endala unobude obungu-4-5 cm, ugobile kancane ubheke phansi.
Ulimi, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, luyancipha kakhulu. Indawo yemilenze ingwevu yomthofu. Imilenze yenyoni iqine ngokwanele, inezinsimbi ezimfushane nezinzipho ezibuthuntu.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ebusweni bomhlaba, ama-hoopoes ahamba ngokushesha nangokuqina, kunokuba afane nezinkanyezi ezijwayelekile.... Ezibonakalisweni zokuqala zokukhathazeka okungazelelwe, kanye nalapho izinyoni zingakwazi nhlobo ukubaleka, inyoni enjalo iyakwazi ukucasha, igxumele ebusweni bomhlaba, ivule umsila nezimpiko zayo, iphinde futhi iphakamise nendawo yomlomo.
Esigabeni sokufukamela amantshontsho awo nokondla amaphuphu, izinyoni ezindala nezinsana zikhiqiza uketshezi oluthile olunamafutha olukhishwe yindlala ye-coccygeal futhi lunephunga elibi, elingemnandi neze. Ukukhishwa ketshezi elinjalo kanye nomswani kuwuhlobo lokuvikelwa kwama-hoopoe ezilwaneni eziyizisulu eziphakathi nendawo.
Yilesi sici senyoni esasiyivumela emehlweni omuntu ukuthi sibe yisidalwa "esingahlanzekile" kakhulu. Endizeni, ama-hoopoes awasheshi, aphephetha njengezimvemvane. Kodwa-ke, ummeleli onjalo we-Rhinoceros oda kanye nomndeni wakwaHoopoe uyakwazi ukundiza ngendiza, ngenxa yokuthi izidlova ezinamaphiko azivamile ukuphatha ukuyibamba emoyeni.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani i-hoopoe
Isikhathi sokuphila se-hoopoe, njengomthetho, asidluli iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesilisa be-hoopoe nabesifazane balezi zinhlobo abanakho umehluko omkhulu ngokubukeka komunye nomunye. Izinyoni ezisencane ze-oda i-Hornbill nomndeni wakwaHoopoe, ngokuvamile, zinemibala engagcwali kangako, zihluke ngokuphawulekayo ngomlomo omfishane, kanye nesifinyezo esifushane.
Izinhlobo ze-hoopoe
Kukhona ama-subspecies amaningana abamele i-oda le-Hornbill kanye nomndeni iHoopoe (Upupidae):
- I-Upupa epops epops, noma i-Common Hoopoe, okungama-subspecies aphakanyiswayo. Ihlala e-Eurasia kusukela e-Atlantic nasengxenyeni esentshonalanga kuya eSenhlonhlweni yaseScandinavia, ezindaweni eziseningizimu nasenkabeni yeRussia, eMiddle East, e-Iran nase-Afghanistan, engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya nasendaweni yasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina, naseCanary Islands nase enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika;
- Ama-subspecies i-Upupa agxilisa izimpilo ezinkulu eGibhithe, enyakatho yeSudan, nasempumalanga yeChad. Okwamanje iyizinsizane ezinkulu kunazo zonke, inonqenqema olude, ibala elimpunga engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba nebhande elincane le-bandage endaweni yomsila;
- I-Upupa epops senegalensis, noma i-hoopoe yaseSenegal, ihlala ezweni lase-Algeria, amabhande awomile e-Afrika ukusuka eSenegal kuya eSomalia nase-Ethiopia. Lezi zinhlayiya ezincane kunazo zonke ezinamaphiko amafushane uma ziqhathaniswa nokuba khona kwesilinganiso esimhlophe esimhlophe ezimpapheni eziyinhloko zesibili;
- Ama-subspecies Upupa epops waibeli yisakhamuzi esijwayelekile se-Equatorial Africa kusuka eCameroon nasenyakatho neZaire nasentshonalanga kuya e-Uganda. Abamele ama-subspecies bavame kakhulu engxenyeni esempumalanga nenyakatho yeKenya. Ukubukeka kufana no-U. E. senegalensis, kepha ngamathoni amnyama ngombala;
- I-Upupa epops africana, noma i-hoopoe yase-Afrika, ihlala e-Equatorial naseNingizimu Afrika kusukela enkabeni yeZaire kuya enkabeni yeKenya. Abamele lezi zinhlobo ezincane banenqwaba ebomvu ebomvu, ngaphandle kokuba khona kwemivimbo emhlophe ohlangothini olungaphandle lwephiko. Kwabesilisa, amaphiko ephiko lesibili ahlukaniswa ngesisekelo esimhlophe;
- I-Upupa epops marginata, noma iMadagascar hoopoe, imele izinyoni zasenyakatho, entshonalanga naseningizimu yeMadagascar. Ngosayizi, inyoni enjalo inkulu ngokuphawulekayo kunezinhlobo ezincane zangaphambilini, futhi ibuye yehluke ebukhoneni bezimpaphe ezinde nemivimbo emhlophe emincane kakhulu esemaphikweni;
- Ama-subspecies Upupa epops saturata ahlala e-Eurasia kusuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu nasenkabeni yeRussia kuya engxenyeni esempumalanga yeziQhingi zaseJapan, eningizimu nasenkabeni yeChina. Usayizi wale subspecies eqokiwe awumkhulu kakhulu. Abamele ama-subspecies bahlukaniswa yizinhlayiya ezimpunga ngemuva, kanye nangokuba khona kombala omncane obomvana obuphakathi esiswini;
- ama-subspecies Upupa epops ceylonensis ahlala e-Asia Ephakathi eningizimu yePakistan nasenyakatho yeNdiya, eSri Lanka. Abamele le-subspecies bancane ngosayizi, imvamisa banombala obomvu kakhudlwana, futhi umbala omhlophe ngaphezulu kwe-crest awukho nhlobo;
- Ama-subspecies Upupa epops longirostris ahlala esifundeni saseNdiya i-Asom, i-Indochina neBangladesh, empumalanga naseningizimu yeChina, naseNhlonhlweni yaseMalacca. Le nyoni inkulu ngosayizi bama-subspecies aphakanyisiwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokubukeka, i-U. Ceylonensis inombala omncane futhi inemivimbo emincane emincane emaphikweni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqembu lezinyoni elidala kunawo wonke, elifana nezimbongolo zesimanje, kubhekwa njengomndeni osekuyisikhathi eside ungasekho iMesselirrisoridae.
Ngisho nezimbobo ezindala ezithathiwe zanoma iyiphi i-subspecies ziyakwazi ukujwayela umuntu ngokushesha futhi zingandizeli kude naye, kepha amaphuphu asevele enezimpiko agxila ekhaya.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-hoopoe iyinyoni yoMhlaba Omdala. Ensimini ye-Eurasia, le nyoni isakaze kulo lonke ubude bayo, kepha ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga nasenyakatho cishe ayihlali e-British Isles, eScandinavia, emazweni aseBenelux, nasezintabeni eziphakeme ze-Alps. E-Baltic States naseJalimane, ama-hoopoes asatshalaliswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu, abamele uhlobo lwesidleke esiseningizimu yeGulf of Finland, iNovgorod, iNizhny Novgorod neYaroslavl, kanye namaRiphabhuliki aseBashkortostan naseTatarstan.
Engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeSiberia, izinyoni zikhuphukela ezingeni lika-56 ° N. sh., ifinyelela e-Achinsk naseTomsk, futhi engxenyeni esempumalanga yomngcele wale ndawo kuneLake Baikal, umqolo waseNingizimu Muisky weTransbaikalia kanye nomfula i-Amur River. Ensimini yezwekazi lase-Asia, ama-hoopoes ahlala cishe yonke indawo, kepha agwema izindawo eziwugwadule nezindawo eziqhubekayo zamahlathi. Futhi, abamele umndeni wakwaHoopoe batholakala eTaiwan, eziqhingini zaseJapan naseSri Lanka. Engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga bahlala esiFundazweni saseMalacca. Kunezimo zezindiza ezingandile eziya eSumatra nengxenye ye-insular yeKalimantan. E-Afrika, uhla oluphambili luseningizimu yesifunda saseSahara, kanti eMadagascar, ama-hoopoes ahlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga eyomile.
Njengomthetho, ama-hoopoes ahlala ethafeni noma ezindaweni ezinamagquma, lapho kunikezwa kuqala indawo evulekile lapho kungekho khona utshani obude buhlangene nokuba khona kwezihlahla noma izihlahla ezincane. Inani labantu likhulu kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile futhi ezifudumele. Abamele umndeni ngenkuthalo bahlala emathafeni asemaqeleni nasezimfundeni, bahlala eduze konqenqema noma emaphethelweni ehlathi, bahlala ezigodini zemifula nasezintabeni, ezihlahleni ezisogwini olusogwini.
Imvamisa amaHoopoes atholakala ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa ngabantu, kufaka phakathi amadlelo ahlukahlukene, izivini noma amasimu ezithelo... Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni zokuhlala, lapho zidla khona udoti ovela ezindaweni zokulahla udoti. Izinyoni zikhetha ukugwema izindawo ezinomswakama nezindawo eziphansi, futhi ukwakha izindawo zokwakha izidleke zisebenzisa izihlahla ezindala ezingenalutho, imifantu phakathi kwamatshe, imingxuma emaweni omfula, iziduli zomuhlwa, kanye nokudonswa kwezakhiwo zamatshe. I-hoopoe isebenza kuphela ngezikhathi zokukhanya kwelanga, futhi iya ebusuku kunoma iyiphi indawo yokukhosela efanelekayo ngezinhloso ezinjalo.
Ukudla kwe-Hoopoe
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-hoopoe kuvezwa ikakhulukazi ngama-invertebrate amancane amancane:
- izibungu zezinambuzane neziphungumangathi;
- Kwangathi amabhungane;
- amabhungane obulongwe;
- abadlayo abafile;
- izintethe;
- izimvemvane;
- i-steppe filly;
- izimpukane;
- izintuthwane;
- umuhlwa;
- izicabucabu;
- izintwala zezinkuni;
- ama-centipedes;
- ama-molluscs amancane.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-hoopoes amadala akwazi ukubamba amaxoxo amancane, kanye nezibankwa ngisho nezinyoka. Le nyoni idla kuphela ebusweni bomhlaba, ifuna inyamazane yayo phakathi kotshani obuphansi noma emhlabathini ongenalutho oluhlaza. Umnikazi womlomo omude ngokwedlulele uvamise ukuzungeza ubulongwe nezinqwaba zikadoti, abheke ukudla ngokhuni olubolile, noma enze izimbobo ezingajulile emhlabathini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amabhungane amakhulu kakhulu ngosando ngosayizi phansi enephuphu, ahlukane abe izingxenye ezincane, bese edliwa.
Kaningi, abamele i-oda Hornbill kanye nomndeni wakwaHoopoe bahamba nemfuyo eklabisayo. Ulimi lwe-hoopoe lufushane, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni ezinjalo azikwazi ukugwinya inyamazane ngqo phansi. Ngale njongo, izinyoni ziphonsa ukudla emoyeni, ngemuva kwalokho zikubambe zikugwinye.
Ukuzala nenzalo
AmaHoopoes afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka eyodwa. Abamele yonke imiphakathi ephansi bodwa. Endaweni yaseRussia, izinyoni ezinjalo zifika kusenesikhathi ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke, lapho kuvela iziqeshana zokuqala ezincibilikisiwe, cishe ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Masinyane ngemuva kokufika, abesilisa bahlala ezindaweni zokuzalela. Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokobulili bayasebenza kakhulu futhi bamemeza kakhulu, bebiza abesifazane. Izwi lama-subspecies aseMadagascar lifana ne-purr rolling kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, abesilisa nabesifazane bandiza kancane belandelana, bebeka indawo yokwakha isidleke sabo esizayo... Kaningi, insimu ekhethiwe isetshenziswe ama-hoopoes iminyaka eminingana. Imvamisa, izinyoni zizalela zodwa ngababili, futhi lapho ezinye izinyoni ziseduze, kungqubuka izimpi phakathi kwamadoda, afana nezimpi.
Ukuze uhlele isidleke, indawo eyimfihlo ikhethwe ngesimo somuthi, kanye nomsele onamadwala noma ukucindezeleka emthambekeni wewa. Uma ingekho indawo efanelekile yokukhosela, amaqanda angabekwa ngqo emhlabathini. Ulwelwesi lwesidleke alukho nhlobo noma luqukethe izimpaphe ezimbalwa kuphela, izindwani zotshani noma izingcezu zobulongwe benkomo.
Kwesinye isikhathi uthuli lwenkuni olubolile lulethwa emgodini ngama-hoopoes. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni, ama-hoopoes awalokothi asuse ubulongwe esidlekeni. Phakathi kokunye, esigabeni sokufukamela nokuqhubeka ukondla amaphuphu, izinyoni ezinjalo zikhiqiza uhlobo loketshezi olunamafutha. Ifihlwe yindlala ye-coccygeal futhi inephunga elibi elingathandeki, elisebenza njengesivikelo esihle ezitheni emvelweni.
Ukuzala kwenzeka njengomthetho, kanye ngonyaka, futhi ubukhulu bokubamba bungahluka kuye ngezimo zezulu. Amaqanda anomumo omude, angama-26x18 mm ngobukhulu futhi anesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-4.3-4.4 g. Umbala uyehluka ebangeni elibanzi, ungaba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okotshani. Kubekwa iqanda elilodwa ngosuku, kanti ukufukamela kuqala ngeqanda lokuqala futhi kuhlala cishe inyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude besikhathi besikhathi sokufukamela abudluli izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-clutch ifukanyelwa kuphela ngowesifazane, kanti owesilisa uyayondla ngalesi sikhathi. Amachwane achanyuswayo awaboni futhi embozwe ngokubomvu okungajwayelekile phansi.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, umbala obomvana obomvana ubuye ukhule futhi. Ukondla amaphuphu kungumsebenzi wabazali ababili, abathi ngokunye balethe izikelemu nezibungu zezinambuzane ezahlukene esidlekeni. Lapho esenamasonto amathathu ubudala, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke sawo futhi kancane kancane aqala ukundiza, asele amanye amasonto ambalwa eduze kwabazali bawo.
Izitha zemvelo
I-hoopoe isabisa izitha, isheshe izalele ngamaphiko eyeluliwe ebusweni bomhlaba bese iphakamisa umlomo wayo. Kulesi sikhundla, baba njengezinto ezingaqondakali ngokuphelele futhi ezingenakucatshangwa, ngakho-ke zimbi futhi azizwakali neze.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- I-Parrot kea
- Ingadi oatmeal
- Izimpande
- Ama-Goldfinches
Azikho izitha eziningi kakhulu emvelweni kuma-hoopoe - isilwane esingajwayelekile singalokotha sidle inyamazane enephunga elibi futhi engathandeki. Ngisho nasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, eJalimane, inyama ye-hoopoe yabantu abadala namachwane yadliwa yatholakala "imnandi impela".
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ku-International Red Data Book, ama-hoopoes anesimo setekisi esinobungozi obuncane (isigaba LC). Yize iqiniso lokuthi inani eliphelele lezinyoni lehle ngokuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva, amandla awo namuhla awavumeli ukubheka lolu hlobo njengezisengozini.
