AmaBandicots (Bandicota) angabamele abaningi bohlobo lwamagundane nomndeni omncane wamagundane emhlabeni wethu. Igama lezilwane ezinjalo ezincelisayo lihunyushwa ngokuthi "igundane-ingulube" noma "ingulube yengulube".
Incazelo yama-bandicoots
Wonke ama-bandicoots angamagundane amakhulu impela. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane esincelisayo segundane esidala bufinyelela ku-35-40 cm, kanti isisindo singadlula kahle ikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu. Umsila wesilwane mude ngokwanele, ulingana nosayizi womzimba. Ukuvela kwama-bandicoots kujwayelekile kakhulu kubo bonke abamele umndeni weMouse, kepha indawo yesifonyo sesilwane ibanzi futhi inokusongwa okuqinile. Umbala ngokuvamile umnyama, unomthunzi okhanyayo endaweni yesisu.
Ukubukeka
Okunye umehluko ekubukekeni kwangaphandle kwe-bandicoot kubangelwa kuphela izici ezithile zegundane elincelisayo.
- I-bandicoot yaseNdiya - omunye wabamele abakhulu bomndeni wegundane. Ubude bomzimba, ngaphandle komsila, buvame ukufika ku-40 cm, ngesisindo somzimba esingu-600-1100 g. Umbala wesilwane wonkana umnyama, kusuka kumathoni ampunga nansundu acishe abe mnyama. Ingaphansi lomzimba lilula, alimhlophe qwa. Imilenze yangaphambili inezinzipho ezinde neziqinile. Ama-incisors aphuzi noma awolintshi. Ijazi likhulu kakhulu futhi lide, linikeza isilwane ukubukeka okucishe kube shaggy;
- IsiBengali, noma i-bandicoot encane inokufana kwangaphandle nezinye izinhlobo zebhande, inombala onsundu onsundu ngokumpunga. Ijazi lide, kepha kunalokho lincane. Ubude bomzimba buyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-15-23 cm, nobude bomsila ezingeni elingu-13-18 cm. Isisindo sabamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo lubonakala lungaphansi kwesisindo somzimba samanye amabhande enduku asebekhulile futhi cishe siyi-180-200 g. Kumagundane anjalo, isimilo esinolaka futhi esisebenzayo esingajwayelekile ukubhonga okungatheni;
- IsiBurma, noma ibhande le-myanmar Ayinkulu ngosayizi, ngakho-ke izilwane ezindala ezinjalo zingadideka kalula nabantu abasha - abameleli be-bandicoot yaseNdiya. Igundane linomzimba ojiyile, ukwakheka okuwugqinsi, isifonyo esibanzi futhi esiqinile kakhulu esinezindlebe ezifanayo eziyindilinga. Ijazi lide futhi lishonile, kepha kunalokho lincane. Umbala ubumnyama, onsundu ngokumpunga. Umsila mude ngokwedlulele, wohlobo lwe-scaly, uneringi ekhanyayo ezansi. Ama-incisors anombala ophuzi ngokusawolintshi.
Ngaphandle kokusatshalaliswa okubanzi nokusondela kubantu, wonke ama-bandicoots ahlala engafundwanga kahle kuze kube muva nje, ngakho-ke ukuma kwabo okuhlelekile manje kusengumbuzo omkhulu kakhulu. Esimweni sokuthaba okukhulu, ibhande lasendulo laseBengal likhuphula ngokucijile zonke izinwele zalo ezinde emhlane, futhi likhipha nemisindo ebuthuntu, kodwa ehlukanisa ngokucacile.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ezindaweni lapho kunenani elikhulu kakhulu lama-bandikots, indawo yonke imbiwa ngokoqobo yimigodi yabo eminingi. Noma ngabe kunamathiselwe aqinile abamele uhlobo lohlobo lwamagundane kanye namagundane angaphansi komndeni ku-biotope ye-anthropogenic, izilwane ezincelisayo zamabhande akhetha ukuzakhela imingxuma eyedwa, kepha ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zabantu.
Ngokuvamile, imingxuma itholakala ngqo emhlabathini, futhi ngokuhlelwa kwayo, njengomthetho, kusetshenziswa izinhlobonhlobo zemifantu noma izindunduma, kanye nokwahlukaniswa okukhulu kobumba emasimini elayisi.
Isibonelo, imingcele ye-bandicoot yaseNdiya ijule impela, inamakamelo amaningana ahlukene ngasikhathi sinye, aklanyelwe ukubeka isidleke nokugcina ukudla, kufaka phakathi okusanhlamvu, amantongomane nezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo. Imvamisa yinduna eyodwa noma owesifazane omdala onamazinyane akhe kuphela ahlala emgodini ngamunye onjalo. Kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuthi i-bandikot ihlale ngqo ngaphakathi kwamabhilidi.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-bandicoot yase-India, kanye nezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezincane ze-bandicoot, ingeyesigaba sezilwane ezijwayelekile zasebusuku, ngakho-ke, isebenza kuphela ebumnyameni.
E-Thailand, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni eziningi zelayisi elisebenzayo elikhulayo, kuphela u-4.0-4.5% wenani eliphelele lemigodi efundwayo etholakala ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala abantu, futhi akukho ngaphezu kwe-20-21% yemigodi yezilwane ezincelisayo egundane eseduze nezakhiwo zabantu.
Ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani i-bandicoot
Endle, i-bandicoot yaseNdiya kanye nabaqhamuka bayo, abamele ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwamagundane nomndeni omncane wamagundane, baphila unyaka owodwa nohhafu noma ngaphezulu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ngokubheka ulwazi olwanele, akunakwenzeka ukuthola ngokuqinisekile ukutholakala noma ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokumenyezelwa kobulili kwezilwane ezincelisayo zama-bandicoots ezingohlobo lweRodents kanye namagundane omndeni.
Izinhlobo zama-bandicoots
Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela:
- I-Indian bandicoot (i-Bandicota indica);
- I-bandicoot yaseBengal (Bandicota bengalensis);
- I-bandicoot yaseBurma (Bandicota savilei).
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokwezifundo ezithile ezenziwe emuva maphakathi no-90s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, i-bandicoot yase-India, phylogenetically, isondele kakhulu kubamele uhlobo lohlobo lweNesokia kunezinye izinhlobo ze-bandicoot.
Kuze kube muva nje, abacwaningi abakwazanga ukunquma izinga lobudlelwano phakathi kwabo nabanye abamele abaseduze bohlobo lwamaRodents nomndeni weMouse.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ububanzi nezindawo zokuhlala ama-bandicoots zihluke kakhulu. Emasimini okusatshalaliswa kwawo, uhlobo ngalunye lwalesi silwane esincelisayo, njengomthetho, ngokuqinisekile luhlala nohlobo olulodwa noma eziningana ze-bandicoot. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zamagundane zivame kakhulu ezindaweni eziseNingizimu-mpumalanga nase-Asia Ephakathi, kufaka phakathi:
- China;
- India;
- ENepal;
- IMyanmar;
- I-Sri Lanka;
- I-Indonesia;
- ILaos;
- EMalaysia;
- Thailand;
- Taiwan;
- IVietnam.
Indawo yemvelo ye-Indian Bandicoot yizindawo ezinomswakama, kanye nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezinamanzi amaningi.... Okukhombisa iqiniso ukuthi ibhande le-Indian libhukuda kahle ngokwanele, kepha alikhuphi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi engxenyeni esenyakatho yeThailand, i-bandicoot yaseNdiya ivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamasimu erayisi agcwele amanzi, emingceleni yamasimu amakhulu ommbila.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-bandicoot yase-India yethulwa endaweni yaseMalay Archipelago, kwezinye izindawo ezisenkabeni yezwe laseMalaysia, kanye naseTaiwan, lapho yakwazi khona ukwanda ngamandla, futhi yaba miningi kakhulu.
Abamele amagundane omndeni omncane bangamagundane avame kakhulu e-synanthropic kulo lonke uhla, kepha angavame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Ngenxa yobuningi obuphakeme ngokweqile, inani eliphelele labantu liyalulama ngokushesha, ngakho-ke, inani lamagundane anjalo endaweni yokuhlala likhulu.
Ukudla kwe-bandicoot
Ama-bandicoots ngokuvamile angamagundane omnivorous. Eduze kwendawo yokuhlala yabantu, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo zondla kakhulu kudoti onhlobonhlobo, futhi futhi zidla inani elikhulu kakhulu lazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla kwezitshalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-bandicoot yabantu abadala ngaphakathi komgodi ozenzele yona ibeka igumbi elihlukile lokugcina ukudla, lapho amakhilogremu amaningi wezithelo nokusanhlamvu angangena khona kalula.
Izilwane ezincane ezinjalo zikhetha okusanhlamvu nembewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi abaningi basekhaya nabangaphandle, abamele abantu abadala bezinhlobo ze-bandicoot zaseNdiya, uma kunesidingo, ngezikhathi ezithile, bayakwazi ukuhlasela izinkukhu ezingekho ngobukhulu obukhulu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Mayelana nokuzala kwe-bandicoot yanoma yiluphi uhlobo nezinhlobo ezincane, kwaziwa kuphela ukuthi abesifazane bavame ukuletha udoti ayisishiyagalombili kungakapheli unyaka owodwa. Kudoti ngamunye onjalo, kunamawundlu amancane asukela kwayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayishumi nane.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- UHamster Brandt
- UJerboas
- UGerbil
- Indawo yokulala ehlathini
Ama-bandicoots azalwa eyimpumputhe ngokuphelele, futhi engenazo nhlobo izinwele. Insikazi inamabhangqa ayisithupha ukusuka kwayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye wezingono, ngosizo lwayo inzalo inikezwa ubisi isikhathi esithile. Abamele uhlobo lohlobo lwamagundane kanye namagundane angaphansi komndeni bafinyelela ekuvuthweni kocansi kuphela ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo
Naphezu kobuncane bawo ngokuphelele, ama-Bandicoots avame ukubanjwa futhi adliwe, futhi inyama yalezi zilwane ezincelisayo iye yathandwa ngokukhethekile kwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo zingabasabalalisi bezifo ezithathelwanayo abavamile futhi abakhuthele abayingozi kakhulu empilweni nasempilweni yezilwane ezifuywayo nabantu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ucwaningo oluningi lwamasimu aphayinaphu enyakatho yeThailand lubonisa ukuthi ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zezilokazane zamagundane ezitholakala lapho, inani eliphelele labantu baseBurma bandicoot libala okweshumi kwenani labo.
Imvamisa ama-bandicoots azingelwa ukuzijabulisa nje.... I-Bandicoot ivame ukuhlukaniswa njengesilokazane esisebenza kakhulu kwezolimo, ngakho-ke amagundane asebusuku aqothulwa kusetshenziswa izingibe ezikhethekile noma izithiyelo ezinobuthi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Kuwo wonke amasimu okusatshalaliswa kuwo, ama-bandicoots okwamanje maningi impela, ngakho-ke ngokwemvelo aphume engozini.
