UVyakhir, futhi uyijuba elikhulu lehlathi noma i-vituten, uhlala endle. Ukuthi le nyoni iphila kanjani nokuthi "kukuphefumulani", sizokhuluma ngalo mbhalo.
Incazelo yejuba
Amajuba yizakhamizi ezisemqoka zamadolobha amancane, aphakathi nendawo namakhulu... Zivusa imizwa ehlukene kubantu. Othile ubathethisa "ukungcola" kwabo kwemvelo, abanye ubaphakela ngokuqinile ngamabhanisi nemvuthu yesinkwa emapaki nasezikweleni. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezihlobo zabo eziseduze - amajuba asendle asendle, amajuba enkuni. Ubuntu buye bafunda ngejuba lezinkuni muva nje. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwe-Intanethi, yayaziwa kuphela kuma-ornithologists. Kulezi zinsuku, umzingeli ongandile akajwayelene nokunambitheka kwenyama yakhe. Inyoni emhlophe, naphezu kokuqapha nokwesaba kwayo, imvamisa iba yisisulu sabantu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ungacathamela kuso ngokufihla ngaphansi kwesembozo sokufihla eduze kwendawo yemvelo yejuba lasendle. Kubalulekile ukumboza ubuso bakho ngasikhathi sinye, uma kungenjalo inyoni exwayayo izobona onxaxhayo futhi izondiza ngokushesha.
Ngombala wangaphandle nokuma komzimba, ijuba lasendle cishe alihlukile kunjuba evamile yedolobha. Ubukhulu obumangazayo kuphela obunika abahlala ehlathini. Ubude bomzimba wale nyoni bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-45 futhi bunesisindo esingu-700-900 amagremu. Amacala aqashelwa lapho isisindo esibukhoma sejuba lezinkuni sifinyelela ikhilogremu elilodwa nengxenye. Ukuphakama kwamaphiko kukodwa kungamasentimitha angama-70, amandla awo avumela le nyoni ukumboza amabanga afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni zamakhilomitha ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwesizini. Kuyathakazelisa ikakhulukazi ukuthi owesilisa ubheka i-oda lobukhulu obukhulu kunowesifazane, kepha isisindo somzimba wabo sivame ukufana.
Ukubukeka
UVyakhir - ijuba elibonakala likhulu... Inesici sombala wezimpaphe walezi zinyoni. Ingxenye eyinhloko yophaphe inombala ompunga, okungukuthi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lo mbala ukuvumela ukuthi ufihle ngempumelelo kubantu abangabafuni. Izimpiko ze-whitut zihlotshiswe ngama-chevrons abanzi amhlophe, angabonakala kahle lapho undiza. Ingaphezulu emnyama yomsila igcwaliswa ngamapayipi amhlophe. Okuwukuphela kwento ehlukanisa le nyoni kozakwabo basemadolobheni ukungabi bikho kwemivimbo emnyama eguqukayo ephikweni. Isifuba sejuba sidwetshiwe emthunzini obucayi wewayini-obomvana nge-sheen eluhlaza, ebukeka iheha kakhulu elangeni.
Ikhanda lejuba linomlotha. Izinhlangothi zentamo zihlotshiswe ngokumhlophe noma, kwezinye izimo, amabala we-beige. Isilungu sinomlomo ophuzi ogobile nezidladla ezibomvu-pink. Amehlo ayindilinga, amnyama anomphetho ophuzi ezungeze i-iris. Ijuba eliduna lehlathi libukeka likhulu ngokwengeziwe. Abesifazane banomusa ngokwengeziwe. Umbala wezimpaphe zawo ucishe waqina, izindawo ezihlukile zincane, kepha lapho indiza izintokazi zibukeka zinomusa futhi zincane.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Lezi zinyoni zibhekwa njengezihlobo ezinkulu zehlathi zasendle zamajuba ethu asemadolobheni. Indawo yazo engokwemvelo ingamahlathi aminyene, izindawo zamasimu wezinhlamvu zezolimo, lapho zibheka khona ukudla emasimini.
Kodwa-ke, ungathola ama-vitute emadolobheni ngisho naphakathi kwedolobha. Indawo enjalo yezinyoni ingadonswa ukungabi nokudla endaweni yokuhlala enkulu.
Amajuba asehlathini ikakhulukazi ahlala phansi. Bathanda onqenqemeni lwamahlathi ahlabayo aseduze kwezinkundla zokudla. Kudlula izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi kuphela, ukuhlala emaphethelweni awo akuvamile neze. EziQhingini zase-Orkney zaseScotland, ezidume ngokuntuleka kwezihlahla, lezi zinyoni zihlala phansi emhlabathini. Amajuba ngeke abukele phansi ezimweni zokuphila ezincane kanjalo nasemgodini ophakathi kwamatshe.
Kuyathakazelisa!Abamhlophe yizinyoni eziqaphe ngokweqile. Lokhu kungenxa yokungavikeleki kwabo ngokwemvelo ezilwaneni ezinkulu ezidla ezinye. Ngakho-ke, ukuzama ukungabambi iso labo kuyisikhali sabo esikhulu sokuzivikela. Amajuba nawo andiza ngokushesha. Lapho umzingeli noma umhlaseli esondela, ijuba lasendle liba yiqhwa futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu landizela phezulu esibhakabhakeni, likhipha umsindo omkhulu, onamakhwela ngamaphiko alo.
Bazizwa bengcono kude neso lomuntu, lapho bekhona ngempumelelo futhi bekhulisa inzalo. UVyakhiri ubuthana ngemihlambi emincane yezinyoni eziyishumi nambili; ngaphakathi kweqembu baziphatha ngamandla futhi banobungane kakhulu.
Mangaki amajuba ahlala
Izimo zokuphila ezihlukanisayo zingagcina ijuba lehlathi liphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nesithupha.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesilisa babonakala bekhudlwana kunabesifazane. Izindawo zazo zomlomo wesibeletho ezisemaceleni zikhudlwana, umbala ojwayelekile ukhanya kakhulu, ubukeka uhluke kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zamajuba
Inyoni yamajuba ayinayo i-subspecies. Inani labantu lingahlukaniswa kuphela ngesisekelo sendawo ehlala abantu.
Indawo yokuhlala
IVyakhir ngokuyinhloko iyinyoni ehlala eYurophu. Noma kunjalo, ungayithola endaweni ebanzi. Bakhangwa amahlathi amakhulu e-Ukraine, eRussia, eScandinavia naseBaltic. Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, inani lamajuba ezinkuni zaseCrimea landa, njengoba ehlobo zikhangwa ikakhulukazi emazweni aseningizimu. Ungahlangana nejuba lehlathi enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika.
Isabelo sejuba
Isisekelo sokudla kwamajuba okhuni ngukudla kwezitshalo... Lawa angama-acorn, okusanhlamvu. Imenyu ifaka nezithelo, izigaxa, amantongomane, amajikijolo, ezinye izitshalo nembewu yazo. Amajuba asendle anokuhluka okukodwa.
Ukuze bathole amajikijolo noma amantongomane okunzima ukuwafinyelela egatsheni, babambelela egatsheni ngozipho, balilengise kulo libheke phansi. Ezimweni zokushoda kokudla, lezi zinyoni zidla izikelemu zomhlaba, ama-slugs kanye nezibungu. IVitutni ehlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu ivame ukondliwa ngezinsalela zezinto ezibhakiwe. Imihlambi yezingulube zokhuni iyathanda ukwehla ukuzodla ezinhlangeni zesinaphi noma i-clover. Izifunda eziseningizimu ziheha izinyoni ezinamakhiwane asendle.
Amajuba asendle ahlukile kwezinye izinyoni ngendlela yokuphuza ehlukile. Emgodini wokunisela, kulula ukuhlukanisa kuwo wonke umuntu; bamane behlise uqhwaku lwabo emanzini bese beludonsela ngemigodi ekhethekile. Ngaphambi kokugwinya, ijuba liphakamisa ikhanda lalo okwesikhashana.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izingulube zezinkuni zingakhiqiza futhi zikhulise izingane ezintathu ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe lula ngezimo zezulu. Ngokuyisisekelo, kunezinkukhu ezi-2, okungajwayelekile 1 noma 3. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngo-Ephreli, ngemuva kokubuya ezindaweni zokuhlala ebusika, futhi sihlala kuze kube nguSepthemba. Lapho zinezinyanga eziyi-10-11, lapho kuqala ukuthomba, abesilisa bandizela eziqongweni zezihlahla ukuheha abobulili obuhlukile futhi baqale ukukhala. Imvamisa benza lokhu ekuseni. Lapho nje owesifazane elalela umnumzane, ngokushesha wehlela kuye, aqhubeke nokukhala, amzungeze embuthanweni. Umphumela wokuqomisana ukubeka amaqanda.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngemuva kokukhwelana, laba baqala ukwakha isidleke. Amahlumela amancane asetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha. Ngaphambi kokuvuma igatsha ngalinye, lizwakala ngokucophelela ngomlomo ukubheka amandla.
Lapho izinto sezithathiwe. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, isidleke sakhiwa. Isisekelo sesidleke sakhiwa ngohlaka lwamahlumela amakhulu aqinile, isikhala phakathi kwawo sigcwele amahlumela amancane futhi aguquguqukayo. Umphumela uba uhlobo lwesitsha esinezitezi ezingezansi nezicaba ezixekethile. Izinduku zivulekile, lapho iqanda elivela ku-clutch lingangena ngalo. Amajuba anendawo yokuhlala engekho ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ukusuka phansi. Ikakhulukazi abavilaphayo bangathatha ngisho nokushiywa komunye umuntu.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda amhlophe, athatha cishe amasonto ama-2,5 ukukhulelwa. Owesifazane ubandakanyeka ekufukameleni, kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa uyamfaka esikhundleni sokondla. Bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekondleni inzalo. Cishe isikhathi esingangenyanga, amatshwele anqunu, angaboni adla "ubisi lwezinyoni", inqwaba yamabele okusanhlamvu yaba yi-gruel. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-5, amaphuphu asekulungele impilo ezimele.
Izitha zemvelo
Ingozi enkulu kakhulu engokwemvelo kubantu bezingulube zokhuni imelwe yizinyoni ezidla inyama njenge-peregrine falcon kanye nohwaba. Zizingela izinyoni ezincane kanye nabantu abadala. Ungasaleli emuva ekuqothulweni kwamajuba asendle nezingwejeje, onogwaja, amajayi namagwababa afakwe izigqoko, ezonakalisa izidleke ngamaqanda achanyuselwe. Kunezibalo lapho inani lonyaka lezingulube zezinkuni lehla ngo-40% ngenxa yokungenelela kwalezi zilwane.
Izici zesimo sezulu nazo ziyaphazamisa. Isibonelo, ukubanda okungakafiki isikhathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, umswakama ophakeme kanye nezinye izinhlekelele kunciphisa isikhathi sokwenza ucansi lwezingulube zokhuni, okwenza kube nzima ukukhulisa amachwane amabili noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka. Isibonelo, entwasahlobo ephoqa ukubekwa kwamaqanda okuqala ukuthi kuhlehliselwe inyanga kaMeyi, okunganiki isikhathi sokwenza i-clutch yesibili.
Umuntu naye uyanikela. UVituten uyinyoni enenyama emnandi ethambile. Ngenxa yalokhu, lezi zinyoni zivame ukuba yizisulu kubazingeli. Ngasikhathi sinye, uma udubula ijuba, noma ngemuva kokushaywa yinhlamvu, uyandiza abaleke emandleni akhe okugcina, amenze afele eguswini lehlathi, futhi umzingeli afune ilitshe elisha.
Impucuko nayo iyazibulala lezi zinyoni. Kubukeka sengathi ukwehla kwezindawo zasemakhaya kufanele kuvuse inani labantu, kodwa akunjalo. UVyakhir uyinyoni ethanda ukuthula ngaphezu kwakho konke. Futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha kwezimoto, ukutholakala kwabantu njalo (abacoshi bamakhowe, abazingeli, izivakashi, izivakashi), ngisho nasezingxenyeni ezifihlekile kakhulu zehlathi, kwenza izinyoni zishiye amakhaya azo. Ukusabalala kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane emasimini nakho "kwehlise phansi" inani labamele lolu hlobo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Amajuba asendle ahlala e-Azores abhalwe kuRed Book. IVyahiri yeziQhingi zaseMadeira zaqothulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Yize inani lezinye izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezingulube zezinkuni zasendle lincipha ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi ngokweqile, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo kanye nokudubula okungalawuleki, lolu hlobo aluthathwa njengolusengozini.
