Ama-tapir angabameleli bezinambuzane ezidla ukudla okulingana ne-equids kanye nesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo. Ngaphandle kokufana kwangaphandle nezingulube, ama-tapir anesiqu esifushane, kepha alungiselelwe kahle ukubamba.
Incazelo yama-tapir
Ubukhulu be-tapir buyahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwenhlobo.... Esikhathini esiningi, ubude obumaphakathi be-tapir yabantu abadala abudluli kumamitha ambalwa, futhi ubude bomsila bungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-7-13. Izingalo zangaphambili ze-tapir zineminwe emine, kanti imilenze yangemuva yesilwane esincelisayo inezinzwane ezintathu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Udebe olungaphezulu lwe-tapir nekhala elihlangene lwakha i-proboscis encane kodwa ephathekayo ephathekayo, ephelela esiqeshini sesici esizungezwe yizinwele ezimfushane ezibucayi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-vibrissae.
Ngenxa yezinselo ezincane, isilwane sikwazi ukuhamba ngenkuthalo emhlabathini othambile futhi obonakalayo. Amehlo mancane ngosayizi, atholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda.
Ukubukeka
Abamele uhlobo ngalunye, abangabomndeni wakwaTapir nohlobo lweTapir, banesici sangaphandle sedatha:
- Ama-tapir angenalutho unesisindo ebangeni elingama-150-270 kg, ubude bomzimba obufinyelela ku-210-220 cm nomsila omfishane kakhulu. Ukuphakama komuntu omdala ekubuneni kungama-cm ayi-77-108. Ama-tapir angenalutho anemane elincane ngemuva kwekhanda, izinwele ezimnyama nsundu ngemuva, kanye nesisu esinsundu, isifuba nemilenze. Izindlebe zihlukaniswa ngombala omhlophe. Umthethosisekelo wesilwane ubumbene futhi unemisipha eyanele, enemilenze eqinile;
- Ama-tapir ezintaba unesisindo ebangeni elingu-130-180 kg, elinobude bomzimba obufinyelela ku-180 cm nokuphakama emahlombe kububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-75-80. Umbala wejazi uvamise ukusukela kokumnyama nsundu ukuya kokumnyama, kepha amathiphu alula wezindlebe nezindlebe akhona. Umzimba mkhulu, unezitho ezincane nomsila omncane kakhulu, omfushane;
- I-tapir yaseMelika Ephakathi, noma I-tapir ka-Byrd ukuphakama kubuna kuze kufike ku-120 cm, nobude bomzimba obungu-200 cm nesisindo esifinyelela ku-300 kg. Isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu kunazo zonke ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika. Lezi zinhlobo zibonakala ngokuba khona komhlwenga omfishane nezinwele, ezinemibala ngamathoni ansundu amnyama. Intamo nezihlathi kuphuzi-mpunga;
- I-tapir enesipele esimnyama inesisindo somzimba ebangeni elingama-250-320 kg, nobude bomzimba obungu-1.8-2.4 m nobude ekushoneni okungekho ngaphezu kwemitha. I-tapir enesipele esimnyama ingahlukaniswa kalula ngokuba khona kwendawo enkulu emhlophe mpunga (indwangu yesali) ngemuva nasezinhlangothini. Ingubo esele ingomnyama noma onsundu, ngaphandle komngcele omhlophe osezindlebeni zezindlebe. Uboya bama-tapir anezinsimbi ezimnyama bufushane futhi bufushane, futhi umhlwenga awukho nhlobo. Isikhumba esifundeni sekhanda ne-nape siyi-20-25 mm ubukhulu, esivikela kahle intamo yesilwane esincelisayo emazinyweni azo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Phakathi kwabameleli bezinhlobo ze-tapir ezixhaswe ngeBlack, ngokuvamile abantu okuthiwa ama-melanistic bahlukaniswa ngombala omnyama ngokuphelele.
Isilwane esincelisayo esinezinwele ezinama-equid uTapirus kabomani sitholwe yiqembu lososayensi baseBrazil kuphela ngasekupheleni konyaka we-2013. Enye yezinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-tapir ephilayo incane ngosayizi. Ubude besilinganiso somuntu omdala abudluli ku-130 cm, ngesisindo esingu-110 kg. Isilwane sinombala ompunga onsundu noma onsundu. Lezi zinhlobo zihlala ezindaweni zaseColombia naseBrazil.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
I-Plain tapir ihola indlela yokuphila yodwa, futhi laba bantu ababili abatholakele bavame ukuba nolaka komunye nomunye. Izilwane ezincelisayo ziphawula izindawo zazo ngomchamo, futhi ukuxhumana nezihlobo kwenziwa ngemisindo yokubhoboza, efana nempempe. Ama-tapir asebusika asebusuku achitha isikhathi sawo sasemini emahlathini aminyene, futhi kuphela lapho kuqala ubusuku ayofuna ukudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinye izinhlobo zama-tapir akuzona kuphela ababhukudi abahle kakhulu, kodwa futhi nabagibeli bamadwala, futhi bayakujabulela ukumba nokubhukuda odakeni.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo nosayizi omkhulu, ama-tapir awakwazi ukubhukuda kahle kuphela, kepha futhi acwila ngokujulile ngokwanele. Ngokuvamile, laba bameleli abangajwayelekile bezilwane ezidla utshani, abangaphansi kwe-oda le-Equid-hoofed kanye ne-Class Mammals, banamahloni futhi bayaqapha. Esibonakalisweni sokuqala sosongo, ama-tapir afuna indawo yokukhosela noma abaleke ngokushesha, kepha uma kunesidingo, ayakwazi ukuzivikela ngokulunywa.
Ngabe i-tapir ihlala isikhathi esingakanani
Isikhathi sokuphila se-tapir esimweni esihle semvelo asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Izinsikazi zasemathafeni nezintaba ze-tapir zivame ukusinda cishe ngama-15-100 kg kunamadoda amadala alolu hlobo. Akukho mehluko obonakalisiwe ngombala.
Izinhlobo zama-tapir
Izinhlobo ezikhona njengamanje:
- I-Plain tapir (Tapirus terrestris) kufaka phakathi i-T. t subspecies. aenigmaticus, T. colombianus, T. spegazzinii noT. terrestris;
- Intaba tapir (Tapirus pinchaque);
- I-tapir yaseMelika Ephakathi (iTapirus bairdii);
- I-tapir enesipele esimnyama (Tapirus indicus);
- Tapirus kabomani.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ama-tapir asehlathini ahlala e-Asia naseMelika ayizihlobo ezikude zobhejane namahhashi, futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, ngokubukeka ayefana namahhashi asendulo kakhulu.
Ama-tapir aqothulwayo: Tapirus johnsoni; ITapirus mesopotamicus; I-tapirus merriami; ITapirus polkensis; I-Tapirus simpsoni; I-Tapirus sanyuanensis; I-tapirus sinensis; I-Tapirus haysii; I-tapirus webbi; UTapirus lundeliusi; I-Tapirus veroensis; I-Tapirus greslebini ne-Tapirus augustus.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ama-tapir angenalutho atholakala namuhla ezingxenyeni eziningi kakhulu zeNingizimu Melika, kanye nasempumalanga ye-Andes. Uhla olukhulu lwabamele lolu hlobo okwamanje lusuka endaweni yaseVenezuela naseColombia kuya engxenyeni eseningizimu yeBrazil, enyakatho ye-Argentina naseParaguay. Indawo engokwemvelo yetapir yasethafeni ngokuyinhloko iyizindawo ezingamahlathi ezishisayo eziseduze nemizimba yamanzi.
Abamele izinhlobo zezintaba ze-tapir zinendawo encane kunazo zonke yokwabiwa nendawo yokuhlala phakathi kwazo zonke izihlobo... Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo manje sezitholakala kuphela e-Andes eColombia, enyakatho yePeru nase-Ecuador. Isilwane sithanda amahlathi asezintabeni namathafa asezingeni kuze kube semingceleni yeqhwa, ngakho-ke kuyaqabukela ngokweqile futhi ngokungathandeki kwehlela endaweni ephakeme engaphansi kuka-2000 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Izinhlobo ze-tapir zaseMelika Ephakathi zitholakala ezindaweni ezisuka eningizimu yeMexico zidlule eMelika Ephakathi ziya ezindaweni ezisogwini entshonalanga ye-Ecuador naseColombia. Indawo engokwemvelo yetapir yaseMelika Ephakathi yizindawo zamahlathi ezinhlobo enkulu eshisayo. Njengomthetho, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezidla kakhulu zikhetha izindawo eziseduze nemizimba emikhulu yamanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abantu base-Asia babiza i-tapir ngokuthi "umudli wamaphupho" futhi basakholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi isithombe salesi silwane esiqoshwe ngokhuni noma itshe sisiza umuntu ukuqeda amaphupho amabi noma ukuqwasha.
Ama-tapir amnyama amnyama atholakala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu nasenkabeni yeSumatra, ezingxenyeni zaseMalaysia, eMyanmar naseThailand, kuze kufike eNhlonhlweni yaseMalacca. Ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi abamele lolu hlobo bangahlala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeCambodia, ezinye izindawo zaseVietnam naseLaos, kepha akukho lwazi oluthembekile ngalokhu okwamanje. Ngokuvamile, ama-tapir asatholakala ngokukhethekile ebangeni lawo elisungulwe kudala, elihlukaniswe kakhulu emashumini eminyaka adlule.
Ukudla kwama-tapir
Abamele bazo zonke izinhlobo zama-tapir badla kuphela ukudla kokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo ezidla utshani zikhetha izingxenye ezithambile zezihlahla noma zotshani.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukudla kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezidla izambane likapondo kucebe impela futhi kuhlukahlukene, futhi ngesikhathi sokubuka kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zisebenza njengokudla kwama-tapir.
Ngaphezu kwamahlamvu, izilwane ezinjalo zisebenza ngenkuthalo futhi ngobuningi zidla ulwelwe kanye namaqabunga amancane kunazo zonke, zonke izinhlobo zobulembu, amagatsha ezihlahla noma izihlahlana, kanye nezimbali nezithelo zazo. Ukuze zizitholele ukudla okwanele, ama-tapir ngokuvamile anyathela izindlela zonke.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Umqalisi ekwakheni ubudlelwano bomndeni phakathi kwe-tapir ungowesifazane ovuthiwe ngokocansi. Inqubo yokukhwelana ingenzeka unyaka wonke. Kaningi, lezi zilwane zikhwelana ngqo emanzini.
Ama-tapir ahlukaniswa ngemidlalo yokuthandisa ethakazelisa kakhulu, lapho owesilisa edlala ngothando nowesifazane futhi emgijimisa isikhathi eside, futhi ngaphambi nje kwenqubo yokuqhudelana, lo mbhangqwana wenza imisindo ephawuleka kakhulu futhi ezwakala kakhulu, ekhumbuza ngokukhononda, ukukhala noma okuthile okufana nempempe. Njalo ngonyaka ama-tapir ashintsha abalingani bawo bezocansi, ngakho-ke lezi zilwane azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa njengezikhetha noma ezithembekile kumlingani wazo womphefumulo.
Inzalo ithwalwa insikazi isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Njengomthetho, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyishumi nane zokukhulelwa, kuzalwa ingane eyodwa kuphela. Kwesinye isikhathi kuzalwa amawundlu ambalwa, kepha izimo ezinjalo azivamile emvelweni nalapho kugcinwa i-tapir ekuthunjweni. Isisindo esilinganisiwe sewundlu ngalinye elisanda kuzalwa liyi-5-9 kg kuphela (lihluka kakhulu ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane). Wonke amawundlu ayafana ngombala, aqukethe amabala nemivimbo. Insikazi yondla inzalo yayo endaweni ephakeme ngobisi unyaka wonke.
Masinyane ngemuva kokubeletha, insikazi nosana bakhetha ukukhosela emahlathini aminyene, kepha lapho inzalo ikhula, isilwane siqala ukuphuma kancane endaweni yaso yokukhosela. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesifazane ufundisa kancane kancane izinyane lakhe ukuthi lidle ukudla kwezitshalo. Cishe eneminyaka eyizinyanga eziyisithupha, inzalo yama-tapir iqala ukuthola umbala wejazi ngalinye lohlobo lwayo. Isilwane sifinyelela ebusheni ngokugcwele, njengomthetho, eneminyaka engu-1 no-1 kuya kwengu-4.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo nezijwayeleke kakhulu zama-tapir endaweni yemvelo zifaka ama-cougars, ama-tiger, ama-jaguar, amabhere, ama-anaconda nezingwenya, kepha isitha sawo esikhulu nanamuhla ngumuntu. Isibonelo, kufakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla okukhulu kwenani eliphelele lama-tapir aseMelika Ephakathi kwaba ukubhujiswa okusebenzayo kwamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo eMelika Ephakathi, indawo eyehle cishe ngama-70% kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule.
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi isifonyo esinde kanye namashubhu okuphefumula avumela itapir ukuthi ihlale ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eminingana, ngaleyo ndlela ifihlele labo abayilandelayo.
Ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi okukhulu kwendawo yokuhlala ejwayele ama-tapir, izinhlobo ezingenalutho ngokuhlelekile zihlasela umhlaba wezolimo, lapho amasimu kakhokho noma umoba abhujiswa yizilwane. Abanikazi bamasimu anjalo bavame ukudubula izilwane ezihlasele impahla yabo. Ukuzingela inyama nesikhumba esiyigugu nakho kuyingozi kuma-tapir amaningi asezindaweni eziphansi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ukuzingela ama-tapir akuvunyelwe, ngenxa yenani elincane lesilwane esinjalo... Isibonelo, iMountain Tapir manje ihlolwe njengeyisongelwa yi-IUCN, enabantu abangu-2 500 kuphela. Isimo se-tapir yaseMelika Ephakathi sichazwa nangokuthi "sisengozini". Isibalo sama-tapir angedluli izilwane ezingama-5000.
