Ama-otters athambile, adlalayo adonse abaningi ngokuziphatha kwabo okuhlekisayo nangokubukeka kwabo okuhle kakhulu. Ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu ezikwazi ukwenza izigaxa ezilula. Kepha ngokuhambisana nezici ezinhle kangaka, kunamaqiniso angalindelekile. Isibonelo, i-otter ingancintisana ne-alligator encane ngesikhathi sempi futhi ingamehlula. Futhi ukuthi la mathalenta aphikisanayo ahlangana kanjani esilwaneni esisodwa, sizokhuluma ngalesi sihloko.
Incazelo ye-otter
Ama-Otter angamalungu omndeni we-weasel.... Ziyizidlakudla zangempela ezinemihlathi enamandla ezinamazinyo amakhulu, agobile. Lesi sakhiwo sibavumela ukuba baqhekeze kalula amagobolondo avulekile ama-molluscs. Ama-otter asolwandle anezinzipho ezihoqekayo ezinyaweni zangaphambili, okwenza kube yingozi ikakhulukazi ukulwa.
Ukubukeka
Ukubukeka nosayizi wama-otter kuxhomeke ngqo ezinhlotsheni zawo. Ama-otters omfula anemizimba emide, ehlanjululwe, imilenze emifushane, izinzwane ezine-webbed, nemisila emide, emincane. Zonke lezi zinguquko zibalulekile empilweni yazo yasemanzini. Umzimba we-otter umbozwe ngoboya obucebe nsundu ngaphezulu futhi obulula, obunombala wesiliva esiswini. Uboya ngokwabo buhlukaniswe baba ijazi elingaphandle elingenamikhono kanye nengubo yangaphansi eminyene ngokweqile, engenamanzi. Ama-Otter acishe ahlanze njalo uboya bawo, ngoba isilwane esinejazi elingcolile singafa emakhazeni asebusika. Uboya obuhlanzekile obusizayo busiza ukufudumala, ngoba ama-otter cishe awanamafutha emizimbeni yawo.
Abesilisa abadala bezinhlobo zemifula ngokwesilinganiso ngamasentimitha ayi-120 ubude, kufaka phakathi umsila, futhi banesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu ayi-9 kuye kwayi-13. Abesifazane abadala bancane kancane. Ama-otter omfula kwesinye isikhathi aphutha ngabazala bawo basolwandle. Kodwa-ke, abesilisa abamele olwandle bafinyelela kumasentimitha angu-180 ngosayizi futhi bafinyelela kuma-kilogram angama-36. Ama-sea otters aguqulelwa emanzini anosawoti, abhukuda ogwini kuphela ukuphumula okungajwayelekile nokuzala. Izinhlobo zomfula zingahamba amabanga amade phezu komhlaba.
Ama-otter omfula athanda ukudlala emadwaleni ashelelayo noma osebeni oluneqhwa, kwesinye isikhathi ungabona nemisele evela emizimbeni yabo eqhweni. Ama-antics abo avela emakhasini ama-meme ku-Intanethi, okusenza simomotheke kaningi. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukubukeka kungakhohlisa.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
I-otter ifihla imfihlo ngokweqile. Iyengwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo ezihlala emanzini, kusuka emifudlaneni emincane kuya emifuleni emikhulu, amachibi asezintabeni, amachibi asogwini namabhishi anesihlabathi. Kodwa-ke, ama-otter ahlala ogwini lolwandle kasawoti kumele akwazi ukufinyelela endaweni ethile enamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze akwazi ukubhukuda. Abantu bavame ukumaka insimu yabo. Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo, i-otter ingaba nezindawo zokuphumula eziningana, ezibizwa ngokuthi amasofa kanye namakhaza angaphansi komhlaba - ama-holts, atholakala ebangeni elide (kuze kufike ku-1 km) ukusuka emfuleni. Ama-Otter awakhi izidleke. Bahlala emigodini ye-beaver eshiyiwe noma ama-nook ngaphansi kwamatshe nezimpande zezihlahla.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ama-otter omfula asebenza ubusuku nemini, uma engaboni ingozi noma ukuba khona komuntu eduze. Sonke isikhathi lapho bephapheme sisetshenziselwa izinqubo zenhlanzeko, ukondla nemidlalo yangaphandle. Ama-otter omfula asebenza unyaka wonke, futhi ahlala ehamba. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile ngabesifazane abakhulisa inzalo.
Ukuze ubuke ama-otters, udinga ukuhlala ngokuthula endaweni eyodwa ephezulu ngaphezu kwamanzi. Kufanele uthole i-engeli yokubuka lapho umbukeli engeke akhonjiswe khona emanzini. Ama-otter omfula aphapheme, anendlebe ethuthukile nomuzwa wokuhogela, kepha anamehlo amancane, futhi ngeke akwazi ukubona obukayo uma enganyakazi. Ngaphandle kwesimo sangaphandle esihle sesilwane, ungalweli umhlangano oseduze. Yize imvamisa bengabahlaseli abantu, akunakwenzeka ukubikezela indlela yokuziphatha kwabesifazane nezingane.
Mangaki ama-otter ahlala
Endle, ama-otter aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi. Lapho kugcinwe kahle ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sabo sokuphila siyandiswa.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ama-otter wesilisa nowesifazane abukeka ecishe afane. Umehluko kuphela ongaba usayizi wesilwane, ama-otter wesilisa ngokuvamile makhulu kancane.
Izinhlobo ze-Otter
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-12 zama-otters... Kwakunezingu-13 zazo kwaze kwathiwa i-Japanese River Otter yanyamalala ngo-2012. Lezi zilwane zitholakala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwase-Australia nase-Antarctica. Amanye anamanzi kuphela, njengama-otter asolwandle ahlala olwandle iPacific Ocean.
Futhi ezinye zichitha ngaphezu kwengxenye yesikhathi sazo emhlabathini, njenge-otter enkulu ehlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika. Zonke zidla izinhlanzi, izimbaza, ama-lobster nezilwane ezincane ezitholakala ngasogwini. Ama-otter amakhulu adla njalo ngama-piranhas, futhi ngisho nama-alligator aziwa ngokuwela esiswini sawo.
I-otter encane kunazo zonke i-Eastern noma i-Asia enezinwele ezincane. Lesi yisilwane esincane esihle, esizwakalayo esinesisindo esingeqile ku-4.5 kilograms. Ama-otters anezinwele ezincane ahlala emaqenjini omndeni wabantu abayisithupha kuya kwabayi-12. Zitholakala emaxhaphozini, ngasogwini lwamachibi nemifula eningizimu ye-Asia, kodwa isibalo sazo siyancipha njengoba indawo yazo yemvelo ilahlekile.
I-otter yaseYurophu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Eurasian noma i-otter ejwayelekile, iyinhlobo ejwayelekile kakhulu. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi zingaphila ngokudla okuhlukahlukene okuhluka kusuka ezinhlanzini kuya kunkala. Zitholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ezifundeni eziningi zase-Asia, nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeNyakatho Afrika. La ma-otter ikakhulukazi ahlala yedwa. Zisebenza ubusuku nemini, futhi zizingela emanzini nasemhlabeni.
I-otter enkulu iyinhlobo ende kunazo zonke, efinyelela kumasentimitha angama-214 ngaphandle kowomsila namakhilogremu angama-39 ngesisindo. Lawa ma-otter ayizinhlobo zenhlalo kakhulu futhi anendlela yokuphila efana nempisi. Amaqembu awo ahlukile anama-Alpha pair, okuwukuphela kwabantu abenza inzalo. Baphinde bazingele ngamaphakethe, babulale futhi badle ama-caimans, izinkawu nama-anaconda. Kodwa uhlobo oluyinhloko lokudla izinhlanzi.
Ukudla kusekelwe ezinhlanzini, ezingenamgogodla kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Kwesinye isikhathi onogwaja baba yisisulu. Lawa ma-otters athanda ukugibela ezintabeni ezineqhwa. I-sea otter ingumnikazi werekhodi osindayo. Indoda endala ifinyelela ku-45 kilograms ngesisindo. Kuyisilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle esihlala olwandle iPacific.
Kuyathakazelisa!INorth American River Otter yisilwane esingamasentimitha angama-90 kuye kwayi-12 ubude ukusuka ekhaleni kuye emsileni futhi sinesisindo esifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-18. Imvamisa zihlala ngamaqembu amancane, akuvamile ukuba zodwa.
I-otter yasolwandle ayivamile ukuvela ogwini. Baze badle ngokubhukuda emhlane besebenzisa isisu sabo njengepuleti. Lezi zilwane zisebenzisa amatshe amancane ukusuka ezansi ukugqobhoza amagobolondo avulekile ama-molluscs, okuyinkomba yokuhlakanipha okuphezulu.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izindawo ze-Otter zinwebeka amakhilomitha ambalwa... Ubude besilinganiso sebanga buya ngokutholakala kokudla. Kukholakala ukuthi izindawo ezincane kunazo zonke zitholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini, zifinyelela ku-2 km. Izindawo ezinde kakhulu zitholakala emifuleni ye-alpine, lapho abantu ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-20 batholakala izindawo zokuhlala zabantu zokudla. Insimu yabesilisa, njengomthetho, inkulu kunaleyo yabesifazane. Kwesinye isikhathi ziyagqagqana. Inani labantu lilinganiselwa kubantu abadala ababalelwa ku-10 000.
Indawo ehlala kuyo, ama-otter ngamanye angasebenzisa izindawo zokuhlala eziningana. Bahlala emifantwini yamadwala emvelo, ama-nook kanye nama-crannies ezimpandeni zezihlahla ezikhula osebeni lwemifula namachibi. Lezi zidleke zemvelo zinemigwaqo eminingi engabonakali evela ngaphandle ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesilwane. Ama-Otters akazakhi izidleke, kodwa angaba nezindlu zokuhlala ezilahliwe zonogwaja noma ama-beaver. Futhi, i-otter inezindlu eziseceleni - ezibekwe kude kude notshani obukhulu kude namanzi. Kuyadingeka ezimweni zezikhukhula ezinkulu.
Ukudla kwe-Otter
Ama-otter omfula angosomathuba, adla ukudla okunhlobonhlobo, kepha ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi. Imvamisa badla izinhlanzi ezincane, ezihamba kancane njenge-carp, minnows yodaka. Noma kunjalo, ama-otter afuna ngenkuthalo ukuzalisa ama-salmon, alandela amabanga amade.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ama-otter omfula agaya futhi amunce ukudla ngokushesha okukhulu kangangokuba lonke ivolumu elidliwe lihamba emathunjini ngehora elilodwa nje.
Ama-otter emfula nawo adla izimbaza zamanzi angenasawoti, i-crayfish, i-crayfish, ama-amphibian, amabhungane amakhulu amanzi, izinyoni (ikakhulukazi amadada abalimele noma okubhukuda namahansi), amaqanda ezinyoni, amaqanda ezinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (ama-muskrats, amagundane, ama-beavers amancane). Ekupheleni kobusika, amazinga wamanzi ngokuvamile ehla ngaphansi kweqhwa emifuleni nasemachibini afriziwe, kushiye ungqimba lomoya oluvumela ama-otter emifula ukuba ahambe futhi azingele ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Yize ama-otter ekwazi ukuzala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, iningi lenza lokhu entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Owesifazane usebenzisa amathegi anamakha ukukhombisa abesilisa ngokulungela kokukhwelana..
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili, ngemuva kwalokho kuzalwa udoti wamazinyane. Kukaningi kunezingane ezimbili noma ezintathu kudoti, kepha kubikwe ezinhlanu. Ezinye izinyanga ezi-2, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkululeko yezingane, umama uzihudula phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ama-otter amancane ahlala eqenjini lomndeni cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuhlakazeka ukwakha imindeni yawo.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-sea otters asebenzisa ijubane lawo nokushesha ukuzivikela... Izinhlobo zemifula zisengozini enkulu, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi zisemhlabeni. Izilwane ezidla ezinye (ama-coyotes, izinja zasendle, ama-cougars namabhere) zihlasela kakhulu izilwane ezisencane.
Abantu baphinde babambe ama-otter emifula ukulawula izinhlanzi ezinhlanzini zamanzi kanye namapulazi ezinhlanzi ezentengiselwano nokuvikela ukulinyazwa kwempahla yangasese. Noboya balesi sidalwa buyasiza. Imithelela ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu be-otter ifaka ukwehla kwekhwalithi yamanzi ngenxa yokungcola kwamakhemikhali nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, kanye nezinguquko ezindaweni ezihlala osebeni lomfula ngenxa yezinguquko.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Namuhla, kunama-otter asolwandle aseCalifornia angaba ngu-3 000 kanye nama-otter asolwandle angama-168,000 ase-Alaska nawaseRussia endle. Inani lama-otter ase-Ireland lihlala lisesinye sezinze kakhulu eYurophu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi kube nokwehla kokwanda kwalezi zinhlobo kusukela kuhlolo lokuqala lukazwelonke ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980.
Kwethenjwa ukuthi izimbangela zalokhu kwehla kuzobhekwana nazo ngokuhlonza izindawo ezikhethekile zokongiwa kwemvelo, ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kukazwelonke kanye nocwaningo olunzulu oluqondisiwe. Izingozi kubantu besimanje ama-otter ukutholakala kokudla okunganele ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezindawo zokuzithokozisa nezindawo zokujeziswa.
