Ama-Musangs, noma ama-musangs ajwayelekile, noma ama-Malay martens, noma ama-civet aseMalay (i-Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) yizilwane ezincelisayo ezivela emndenini we-Viverrids ohlala eNingizimu-mpumalanga naseNingizimu Asia. Lesi silwane saziwa “ngendima yaso ekhethekile” ekukhiqizeni ikhofi iKopi Luwak.
Incazelo yama-musangs
Isilwane esincelisayo esincanyana futhi esingenamikhono esivela emndenini waseVeverrids, sinokubukeka okuhluke kakhulu... Ngokubukeka kwazo, ama-musangs acishe afane ne-ferret nekati. Kusukela ngo-2009, kuye kwacutshungulwa udaba lokunezela izindawo eziningana zasendaweni yaseSri Lanka ezinhlotsheni ezintathu ze-musang ezikhona manje.
Ukubukeka
Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba womuntu omdala we-musang simayelana no-48-59 cm, nobude bomsila obusukela ku-44-54 cm. UMusangi unomzimba oguquguqukayo futhi ovulekile emilenzeni emifushane kodwa eqinile, enezinzipho ezijwayelekile ezihlehliswayo, njenganoma yiliphi ikati. Isilwane sihlukaniswa ngekhanda elibanzi elinesifonyo esincane kanye nekhala elikhulu elimanzi, amehlo amakhulu kakhulu aphumile, kanye nezindlebe ezibanzi ezibanzi futhi eziyindilinga eziphakathi nendawo. Amazinyo amafushane, ayindilinga, kanti ama-molars anomumo oyisikwele ocacile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yobukhona bezindlala ezikhethekile ezinephunga, ama-civet aseMalay athola isidlaliso sabo esingajwayelekile - i-hermaphrodites (hermaphroditus).
Izidladla kanye nesifonyo, kanye nezindlebe zalesi silwane sasendle, kumnyama ngokugqamile kunombala womzimba. Amabala amhlophe angaba khona endaweni yomlomo. Ijazi lesilwane linzima futhi likhulu, ngamathoni ansundu. Uboya bufanekiswa ingubo yangaphansi ethambile nejazi eliphezulu eliqhakazile.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
IMusangi yizilwane ezijwayelekile zasebusuku.... Ngesikhathi sasemini, lezi zilwane ezinesilinganiso esimaphakathi zizama ukuhlala kahle esihlahleni somvini, phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla, noma zikhuphukele kalula emigodini yesikwele, lapho zilala khona. Kungemva kokushona kwelanga kuphela lapho beyoqala khona ukuzingela okusebenzayo nokufuna ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaMalay mart martens kaningi enza imisindo ejabulisayo nengathandeki neze. Ngenxa yobukhona bezinzipho nokwakheka kwezitho, ama-musangs akwazi ukuhamba kahle kakhulu futhi ngokushesha phakathi kwezihlahla, lapho isilwane esincelisayo esinjalo sisebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi saso samahhala. Uma kunesidingo, isilwane sigijima ngobunono nangokushesha ngokwanele emhlabathini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yenani elincane labamele izinhlobo ezikhona njengamanje, kanye nokuziphatha kwempilo yasebusuku, izici zokuziphatha kweSri Lanka Musang aziqondakali kahle.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-civet aseMalay ahlala ophahleni lwezakhiwo zokuhlala noma ezitebeleni, lapho ethusa khona izakhamuzi ngomsindo omkhulu nangokumemeza okuthile ebusuku. Yize kunjalo, lesi silwane esincane futhi esisebenza ngokumangazayo siletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kubantu, sibulale inani elikhulu kakhulu lamagundane namagundane, kanye nokuvimbela ubhadane lwezifo olusatshalaliswa yila magundane. Ama-Palm martens ahola impilo yokuphila yedwa, ngakho-ke, isilwane esincelisayo esinjalo sihlangana ngababili kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana sokuzala.
U-musang uhlala isikhathi esingakanani
Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila ebhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni se-musang endle singaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-12-15, kanti isilwane esidla ezinye ezifuywayo singaphila iminyaka engamashumi amabili, kepha abantu abafuywayo bayaziwa, abaneminyaka ecishe ibe yikota yekhulu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesifazane nabesilisa baseMusang banezindlala ezikhethekile ezifana namasende, okukhipha imfihlo ekhethekile enephunga lesici. Ngakho-ke, umehluko owehlukile wokuziphatha phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane bezinhlobo ezifanayo awukho nhlobo. Abesifazane banamabhangqa amathathu ezingono.
Izinhlobo ze-musang
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabamele izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-musang umehluko kumbala wejazi labo:
- I-musang yase-Asia - umnikazi wejazi elimpunga elinemivimbo emnyama emzimbeni wonke. Kusondele kuphela esiswini, imivimbo enjalo iyakhanya futhi kancane kancane iphenduke izinhlayiya;
- I-Sri lankan musang - uhlobo olungajwayelekile olunengubo esukela kokumnyama nsundu kuya kokukhanyayo ngokukhanyayo ngokugqamile umbala obomvu futhi kusuka egolide elikhanyayo kuya kumbala obomvu-wegolide. Kukhona futhi abantu abanombala wejazi onsundu okhanyayo ngokukhanyayo;
- ISouth Indian musang - ihlukaniswa ngombala onsundu oqinile, nejazi elimnyama entanyeni, ekhanda, emsileni nasezidladleni. Kwesinye isikhathi izinwele ezimpunga zikhona engubeni. Umbala wesilwane esinjalo uhluke ngokweqile, kusuka ku-beige ophaphathekile noma onsundu ngokukhanyayo kuya ku-brown brown shades. Umsila omnyama kwesinye isikhathi unethiphu emhlophe ephuzi noma emhlophe.
Kuyathakazelisa! AmaMusang ahlukaniswa ngenani elikhulu kakhulu lama-subspecies phakathi kwamalungu e-Viverrids, kufaka phakathi uPh. i-hermaphroditus, P.h. bondar, P.h. umsele, P.h. dongfangensis, P.h. ukuphuma, P.h. kangeanus, P.h. lignicolor, P.h. omncane, P.h. ama-nictitans, uPh. pallasii, P.h. parvus, P.h. pugnax, P.h. ukudonsa, P.h. scindiae, P.h. isethi, P.h. simplex noPh. vellerosus.
Abamele abansundu banamaphethini afanayo, anombala onsundu, nombala onsundu ngokusagolide onezeluleko zezinwele ezikhulukazi kuleyo misanga yegolide.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ama-marten martens noma ama-civet esundu aseMalayan asakazeke kakhulu eNingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Uhla lweMusang lumelwe yiNdiya, iChina eseningizimu, iSri Lanka, iHainan Island kanye nePhilippines eseningizimu, kanye neBorneo, iSumatra, iJava nezinye iziqhingi eziningi. Indawo yemvelo yesilwane esidlayo yizindawo ezingamahlathi ezishisayo.
I-South Indian musang noma umsila onsundu ongajwayelekile uhlala endaweni eshisayo nakumahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo, atholakala ebangeni eliphakeme lamamitha ayi-500-1300 ngaphezu kolwandle. Izilwane ezinjalo zivame ukutholakala eduze kwamasimu etiye nokuhlala abantu. Ama-musangs aseSri Lank akhetha izindawo zokuhlala ezinomswakama kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezihlala ziluhlaza zezintaba, ezishisayo nezimvula, ezihlala ikakhulu imiqhele yezihlahla ezinkulu.
Ukudla kweMusang
Ingxenye enkulu, ebaluleke kakhulu yokudla kwama-musangs aseSri Lankan imelwe yizo zonke izinhlobo zezithelo... Izilwane ezidlayo zidla kakhulu izithelo zomango, ikhofi, uphayinaphu, amakhabe nobhanana ngenjabulo enkulu. Kwesinye isikhathi, ama-palm martens nawo adla ama-vertebrate amancane ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinyoni nezinyoka, hhayi ngobukhulu obukhulu, kanye nezibankwa namaxoxo, amalulwane nezikelemu. Ukudla kwama-musangs amadala kuhlanganisa nezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane kanye nensipho yesundu ebilile ebizwa nge-toddy, yingakho abantu bendawo bavame ukubiza lezi zilwane ngamakati amancane. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezihlala eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu zintshontsha zonke izinhlobo zezinkukhu.
Ngokuphathelene nesigaba sezilwane ezidla umhlanganiso, ama-mussang adla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla, kepha aduma ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu ezindaweni zamasimu ekhofi. Izinhlamvu ezinjalo ezingadaywanga zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ikhofi elibiza kakhulu futhi elimnandi kakhulu leKopi Luwak. Ukudla izithelo zekhofi, izilwane zizifihla cishe zingadliwe, zihlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwethonya lama-enzyme emvelo, ezinye izinqubo zenzeka emathunjini we-musang, athuthukisa kakhulu izici zekhwalithi kabhontshisi wekhofi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
AmaMusang afinyelela ebusheni eneminyaka engaphansi konyaka. Owesifazane ovuthiwe ngokobulili uMusanga uza kowesilisa kuphela ngesikhathi sokumataniswa okusebenzayo. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, aziziningi kakhulu izingane ezizalwa emgodini ohlelwe ngaphambilini nolungisiwe. Njengomthetho, izingane zizalwa phakathi kuka-Okthoba naphakathi noDisemba. Abesifazane baseSri Lankan musang bangaba namazinyane amabili phakathi nonyaka.
Esikhathini esiningi, kudoti owodwa we-musang, kuzalwa amawundlu amabili kuya kwayisihlanu angaboni kahle nangenakho ukuzivikela ngokuphelele, anesisindo esiphezulu esingaba ngama-70-80 amagremu. Ngosuku lweshumi nanye, amehlo ezingane avuleka, kepha ubisi lwensikazi ludliswa kuze kube izinyanga ezimbili ubudala.
Owesifazane uvikela futhi ondle inzalo yakhe kuze kube unyaka owodwa, ngemuva kwalokho izilwane ezikhulile futhi eziqinisiwe zikwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele.
Izitha zemvelo
Abantu ngokwesiko bazingela i-musang yaseSri Lank ngesikhumba esihle nenyama emnandi, enomsoco, futhi emnandi... Futhi, kumongo wokunye ukwelashwa, amafutha aphulukisayo angaphakathi ama-musang ase-Asia asetshenziswa kabanzi, afakwa inani elithile lamafutha acolisiswe kahle.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthandwa kwama-musangs njengezilwane ezifuywayo kuye kwanda kakhulu, okubanjwa ngenkuthalo emvelweni futhi kuthanjiswe ngokushesha, baba nothando nobuntu, njengamakati ajwayelekile.
Ukwakheka okunjalo kwakudala kakhulu futhi, ngokusho kodokotela abaningi, umuthi ophumelela kakhulu wohlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi lukakhokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-civet, ekhishwe kuma-musangs, ayisetshenziswanga nje kwezokwelapha kuphela, kodwa nasembonini yamakha. Izilwane zivame ukubhujiswa njengezilwane ezilimaza amasimu ekhofi namaphayinaphu, kanye namagceke ezinkukhu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ubukhulu besibalo sabantu baseSri Lankan musang buyancipha impela. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwamanani ukuzingela izilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Isibalo sabantu balezi zinhlobo, abahlala kuphela esiqhingini saseCeylon, sehla kancane kancane, ngakho-ke eminyakeni engaphezudlwana kweshumi edlule, uhlelo olukhethekile oluhlose ukuzalisa nokugcina amaMusang lwaqala ukusetshenziswa kulezi zindawo. Ama-musangs aseNingizimu India angabasabalalisi abakhuthele bezimbewu zezitshalo ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseWestern Ghats.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Ikati likaPallas
- Ipanda elibomvu noma elincane
- Ingungumbane
- UMartens
Isilwane esidlayo asiyilimazi nhlobo imbewu yezithelo ezisetshenzisiwe, ngakho-ke sisiza ukusabalala kwazo kudlulele ngaphesheya kwendawo yokukhula yezitshalo zabazali, kepha inani labantu lisongelwa ngokuqinile ngokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yemvelo ezindaweni zezimayini ezisebenzayo. Njengamanje, ama-musangs afakiwe kuSithasiselo III se-CITES e-India, kanye no-P.h. I-lignicolor ibhalwe emakhasini e-International Red Book njengama-subspecies asengozini kakhulu.
