Mahhala njengomoya, ongalawulwa, osheshayo futhi omuhle - lawa ma-mustangs, amahhashi asendle ezinkangala zaseNyakatho Melika kanye namaphampu aseNingizimu Melika.
Incazelo ye-Mustang
Igama lale nhlobo libuyela ezilimini zaseSpain, lapho amagama athi "mesteño", "mestengo" kanye "mostrenco" asho ukuthi "imfuyo ehambayo / yasendle". I-Mustang ngephutha ihlukaniswa njengohlobo, ikhohlwa ukuthi leli gama lisho izimfanelo eziningi ezimiswe ekuzalelaneni okukhethiwe. Izilwane zasendle azinazo futhi azikwazi ukuzala.
Ukubukeka
Okhokho bama-mustangs bathathwa njengama-mares kanye nama-stallion ohlobo lwe-Andalusian (Iberia), abaleka futhi adedela ama-pampas ngo-1537, lapho abaseSpain beshiya ikoloni laseBuenos Aires. Isimo sezulu esifudumele sibe nomthelela ekukhiqizweni okusheshayo kwamahhashi alahlekile kanye nokusheshisa kwawo ukuzijwayeza impilo ekhululekile... Kodwa ukuvela kwe-Mustang eyingqayizivele kwafika kamuva kakhulu, lapho igazi lohlobo lwe-Andalusian luxubene negazi lamahhashi asendle nezinhlobo eziningana zaseYurophu.
Ukuwela okuzenzakalelayo
Ubuhle namandla ama-mustangs athonywe i-cocktail engasile yezakhi zofuzo, lapho izinhlobo zasendle (ihhashi likaPrzewalski kanye netarpan), izifucumfucu zaseFrance nezaseSpain, amahhashi okusalungiswa amaDashi ngisho namaponi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kukholakala ukuthi iMustang yazuza kakhulu izici ezivela ezinhlotsheni zaseSpain nezaseFrance, ngoba iSpain neFrance ngekhulu le-16 kuya kwele-17 bahlola izwekazi laseNyakatho Melika ngenkuthalo kuneGreat Britain.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhwelana okuzenzekelayo kwezinhlobo nezinhlobo kwalungiswa ngokukhethwa kwemvelo, lapho izakhi zofuzo zezilwane zokuhlobisa nezingakhiqizi (ngokwesibonelo, amaponi) zalahleka ngokungadingekile. Izici eziguquguqukayo eziphakeme zaboniswa ngokugibela amahhashi (ukugwema kalula ukuphishekela) - yibo abanikeze amadevu ngamathambo alula, aqinisekisa isivinini esikhulu.
Ingaphandle
Abamele abantu abahlukene bama-mustang bahluke ngokumangazayo ngokubukeka, ngoba inani ngalinye labantu lihlala lodwa, ngaphandle kokuhlangana noma kuyaqabukela lithandana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko omkhulu ubonakala njalo phakathi kwezilwane endaweni eyodwa. Noma kunjalo, ingaphandle elijwayelekile le-mustang lifana nehhashi eligibele futhi linomshini wokuqina (uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezifuywayo) izicubu zethambo. I-Mustang ayinhle neze futhi imude njengoba ivezwa kumabhayisikobho nasezincwadini - ayikhuli ibe ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa nohhafu futhi isisindo sayo singama-350-400 kg.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ofakazi bokuzibonela bayamangala ukuphawula ukuthi isidumbu se-mustang sihlala sikhanya sengathi sigezwe nge-shampoo nangebhulashi emizuzwini embalwa edlule. Isikhumba esikhanyayo sibangelwa ukuhlanzeka okungokwemvelo kohlobo.
I-Mustang inemilenze eqinile, esiza ukuthi ingalimali kakhulu futhi imelane nokushintshwa okude... Izindlwana ezingaziwa ngamahhashi nazo zivumelaniswa nohambo olude futhi zingamelana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwendawo yemvelo. Ukukhuthazela okuhle kuphindaphindwa ngejubane elihle kakhulu i-mustang elinikezwa ngumthethosisekelo wayo omangalisayo.
Amasudi
Cishe uhhafu wama-mustang anombala obomvu ngokubomvu (onothingo lwenkosazana), amanye amahhashi yi-bay (ushokoledi), i-piebald (enamachaphaza amhlophe), mpunga noma mhlophe. Ama-mustangs amnyama ayivelakancane ngokweqile, kepha le suti ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu futhi ithathwa njengeyinhle kakhulu. AmaNdiya ayenemizwa ekhethekile yama-mustangs, okokuqala ukuthola amahhashi enyama, bese ewabamba futhi ewaqeqesha njengezintaba nokupakisha izilwane. Ukuvuselelwa kwama-mustang kwakuhambisana nokuthuthuka okuhlosiwe kwezimpawu zabo zemvelo.
Kuyathakazelisa! AmaNdiya ayethukile ngama-piebald (amabala amhlophe) amadevu, ikakhulukazi lawo amabala awo (ama-pezhins) ahlobise isiphongo noma isifuba. Ihhashi elinjalo, ngokusho kwamaNdiya, lalingcwele, linikeza umgibeli amandla okulwa ezimpini.
Ama-mustangs amhlophe njengeqhwa ayenziwa angaphansi kwama-piebald (ngenxa yenkolo yabamhlophe phakathi kwamaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika). AmaComanches abanikeze ngezici zasenganekwaneni, kuze kube ngukungafi, bebiza ama-mustangs amhlophe izipoki zamathafa nemimoya yamathafa.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Emaceleni ama-mustangs, izinganekwane eziningi zisazulazula, esinye sazo ukuhlanganiswa kwamaningi ngisho namakhulu amahhashi emihlambini emikhulu. Eqinisweni, inani lemihlambi kuyaqabukela lidlula amakhanda angama-20.
Impilo engenamuntu
Yilokhu (ukuzivumelanisa nokuphila emoyeni ovulekile ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwabantu) okuhlukanisa i-mustang nehhashi elijwayelekile lasekhaya. Ama-mustang anamuhla awathobeki, aqinile, aqinile futhi anokuzivikela okungajwayelekile. Umhlambi udla kakhulu emini noma ufune amadlelo afanele. Ama-Mustangs afunde ukuhamba ngaphandle kwedlelo / amanzi izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Okubalulekile! Isikhathi esinzima kakhulu ubusika, lapho ukutholakala kokudla kuba yindlala, futhi izilwane ziyagoqana ukuze ngandlela thile zifudumale. Kusebusika lapho amahhashi amadala, abuthakathaka futhi agulayo elahlekelwa ukushesha kwawo kwemvelo futhi abe yizisulu ezilula zabahlaseli bomhlaba.
Akukacaci ukuthi ipholishi yangaphandle ye-mustang ihlanganiswa kanjani nothando lwabo lokugeza ngodaka. Ngemuva kokuthola udaka olunamandla, izilwane zilala lapho, ziqala ukugoqeka ngapha nangapha - le yindlela engcono kakhulu yokususa izimuncagazi ezicasulayo. Ama-mustangs anamuhla, njengokhokho bawo basendle, ahlala emihlambini yendawo yabantu abangu-15-20 (kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu). Umndeni uhlala endaweni yawo, lapho abaqhudelana khona bexoshwa khona.
Ubukhosi obuphezulu
Umhlambi ulawulwa yi-alpha male, futhi uma ematasa ngokuthile - i-alpha female. Umholi ubeka umzila womhlambi, ahlele ukuzivikela ekuhlaselweni okuvela ngaphandle, futhi abuye ahlanganise noma iyiphi imazi emhlambini. I-alpha stallion iphoqeleka ukuthi ikufakazele njalo ukuphakama kwayo ngokuhlanganyela kuma-duels nabesilisa asebekhulile: ngokunqotshwa, balalela ngokuqinile ngokuqinile Ngaphezu kwalokho, umholi ubheka umhlambi wakhe - uyaqinisekisa ukuthi izimbila azilwi nazo, uma kungenjalo zingambozwa ngabantu ezingabazi. Lesi sakamuva, ngasendleleni, sivame ukulwela ukushiya obulongwe endaweni engaphandle, bese umholi ebeka eyakhe phezu kwenqwaba yabokufika, ememezela ukuba khona kwakhe.
Ihhashi eliyinhloko lithatha izindima zobuholi (njengokuhola umhlambi) lapho owesilisa we-alpha esebenza ngamadloni noma izimbangi. Uthola isimo sowesifazane we-alpha hhayi ngenxa yamandla nesipiliyoni sakhe, kodwa ngenxa yokuzala kwakhe. Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane balalela i-alpha mare. Umholi (ngokungafani nembuzi) kufanele abe nenkumbulo enhle nesipiliyoni, ngoba kumele ahole izihlobo zakhe emanzini nasemadlelweni. Lesi ngesinye isizathu esenza ukuthi amahhashi amancane angayifanele indima yomholi.
U-mustang uhlala isikhathi esingakanani
Isikhathi sokuphila sala mahhashi asendle ngokwesilinganiso siyiminyaka engama-30.... Ngokomlando, i-mustang ingancamela ukunikela ngokuphila kwayo kunenkululeko. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozokwazi ukuthambisa ihhashi elinenkani, kepha uma esehambise kumuntu, i-mustang ihlala ithembekile kuye kuze kube yilapho iphefumula okokugcina.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ama-mustangs anamuhla ahlala emaqeleni aseNingizimu Melika nasemathafeni aseNyakatho Melika. I-Paleogenetics ithole ukuthi eMelika naphambi kwama-Mustang kwakukhona amahhashi asendle, kepha (ngezizathu ezingaziwa) afa cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi eyedlule. Ukuvela kwemfuyo entsha yamahhashi asendle kwaqondana, noma kunalokho, kwaba ngumphumela wokuthuthukiswa kweMelika. AbaseSpain babethanda ukuqhuma, bevela phambi kwamaNdiya agibele amahhashi ase-Iberia: abomdabu babona umgibeli njengonkulunkulu.
Ukoloni kwakuphelezelwa ukungqubuzana okuhlomile nabantu bendawo, ngenxa yalokho amahhashi alahlekelwe ngumgibeli wawo abalekela emathafeni. Bahlanganiswa namahhashi ashiya ama-bivouacs abo amadlelo namadlelo abo. Izilwane ezilahlekile zagcwala ngokushesha futhi zanda, okwaholela ekwandeni okungakaze kube khona kubantu behhashi lasendle ukusuka eParaguay (eningizimu) kuya eCanada (enyakatho). Manje ama-mustangs (uma sikhuluma nge-United States) ahlala ezifundeni zokudla emadlelweni entshonalanga yezwe - izifundazwe ezifana ne-Idaho, California, Montana, Nevada, Utah, North Dakota, Wyoming, Oregon, Arizona naseNew Mexico. Kunabantu abaningi bamahhashi asendle ogwini lwe-Atlantic, eziqhingini zaseSable naseCumberland.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Mustangs, okhokho bawo anezinhlobo ezi-2 (i-Andalusian neSorraya), asindile eSpain uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elihlukile lamahhashi asendle, abizwa ngokuthi amaDon mustangs, ahlala eVodny Island (esifundeni saseRostov).
Ukudla kwe-Mustang
Ngokumangazayo, kepha amahhashi asendle awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-herbivores: uma kunezimila ezincane, ziyakwazi ukushintshela ekudleni kwezilwane. Ukuze uthole okwanele, i-mustang yabantu abadala kumele idle kusuka ku-2.27 kuya ku-2.72 kg wokudla kwemifino ngosuku.
Ukudla Okuvamile Kwe-Mustang:
- utshani notshani;
- amaqabunga emagatsheni;
- amahlumela amasha;
- izihlahla eziphansi;
- Amagxolo esihlahla.
Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka edlule, lapho leli zwekazi lalingakhuli ngokugcwele, ama-mustangs ayehlala ngokukhululeka kakhulu. Manje imihlambi yasendle idudulelwa ezindaweni eziseceleni ezinotshani obuncane, lapho kunezindawo zokugcina zemvelo ezimbalwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ehlobo, i-mustang iphuza amalitha angama-60 wamanzi nsuku zonke, ebusika - isigamu esiningi (kufika ku-30 litres). Imvamisa baya ezindaweni zokuchelela imifudlana, iziphethu noma amachibi kabili ngosuku. Ukugcwalisa umzimba ngamaminerali, bafuna osawoti bemvelo.
Imvamisa lapho kufunwa utshani umhlambi uhamba amakhulukhulu amakhilomitha. Ebusika, amahhashi asebenza ngentshiseko ngezinselo zawo, enqamula uqweqwe ukuze athole izimila futhi athole iqhwa, elithatha indawo yamanzi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukugijimela kwe-Mustang kugcinwe entwasahlobo futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sehlobo. Ama-mares aheha abakhongi ngokushisela imisila yabo phambi kwabo. Kepha ukufika kuma-mares akulula kangako - amahhashi angena ezimpini ezinzima, lapho kuphela owinile ethola ilungelo lokuhlangana. Ngenxa yokuthi ukunqoba okuqine kakhulu ezimpikiswaneni, ichibi lofuzo lohlobo luthuthuka kuphela.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-11, kuthi entwasahlobo elandelayo kuzalwe inkonyane (amawele abhekwa njengokuchezuka kokujwayelekile). Ngosuku lokuzalwa, imazi iyawushiya umhlambi, ifuna indawo ethule. Ubunzima bokuqala bomntwana osanda kuzalwa ukusukuma ukuze awe esifubeni sikanina. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, inkonyane selivele lihamba kahle futhi lize ligijime, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili imazi liyiletha emhlambini.
Izilo ziphuza ubisi lwebele isikhathi esingangonyaka kuze kuvele ithole elilandelayo, ngoba ama-mares akulungele ukukhulelwa cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeletha. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, idlelo liyanezelwa obisini lukamama. Ama-stallion amancane ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ngenkathi edlala, akala amandla awo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umholi ususa izimbangi ezikhulayo ngokushesha nje lapho eba neminyaka emithathu ubudala. Umama unokukhetha - ukulandela indodana ekhulile noma ukuhlala.
Kuzothatha eminye iminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokuthi ihhashi elincane liqale ukuzala: uzoqoqa ama-marem akhe amaningi noma ashaye okulungele kumholi.
Izitha zemvelo
Isitha esiyingozi kunazo zonke sama-mustangs saziwa njengendoda ebaqothula ngenxa yesikhumba nenyama enhle kakhulu. Namuhla, kusetshenziswa izidumbu zamahhashi ekukhiqizeni ukudla kwesilwane. Ama-Mustang azalwa enejubane elikhulu eliwavumela ukuthi abaleke ezilwaneni eziyingozi, nokukhuthazela okutholwe ezinhlanzini ezisindayo. Kodwa lezi zimfanelo zemvelo aziwasizi njalo amahhashi asendle.
Uhlu lwezitha zemvelo lubandakanya:
- ushukela (puma);
- ibhere;
- impisi;
- ukhwekhwe;
- i-lynx.
Ama-Mustang anendlela yokuzivikela efakazelwe ukusiza ukuxosha ukuhlaselwa kwabadli bomhlaba. Umhlambi uhlelwe ohlotsheni lwesikwele samasosha, lapho ama-mares anezithole ephakathi, futhi eceleni komjikelezo kunamahhashi amadala, aphendukele esitheni nge-croup yawo. Kulesi sikhundla, amahhashi asebenzisa izinselo zawo zangemuva ezinamandla ukulwa nabahlaseli bawo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngisho nasekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, ama-mustang abonakala engenakonakala - inani lawo lalilikhulu kakhulu. Emathafeni aseNyakatho Melika, imihlambi enenani eliphelele lezigidi ezimbili izulazula. Ngalesi sikhathi, amahhashi asendle abulawa ngaphandle kokungabaza, athola isikhumba nenyama, kwaze kwacaca ukuthi ukuzala akuhambisani nokuqothulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulima komhlaba nokuvela kwamadlelo abiyelwe ezinkomo zasemapulazini kwaba nomthelela ekwehleni okukhulu kwabantu..
Kuyathakazelisa! Abantu be-mustang nabo bahlushwa "ukuhlanganiswa" kwezilwane ngabaseMelika ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Bathathe amanani amakhulu amahhashi asendle ayoboshelwa eMpini Yezwe LaseMelika neSpanish kanye neMpi Yezwe I.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngawo-1930 inani lama-mustang e-United States lase lehle laya kumahhashi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50-150, kwathi ngawo-1950 - laya ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-25. Iziphathimandla zase-US, zikhathazekile ngokuqothulwa kohlobo lwazo, zakhipha uhide lwemithetho ngo-1959 eyayilinganisela futhi kamuva yakwenqabela ngokuphelele ukuzingelwa kwamahhashi asendle. Naphezu kokuzala kwama-mustangs, okwazi ukuphinda kabili inani njalo eminyakeni emine, manje inani lawo e-United States naseCanada lilinganiselwa kumakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-35 kuphela. Izinombolo ezinjalo eziphansi zichazwa ngezinyathelo ezikhethekile ezenzelwe ukunciphisa ukukhula kwamahhashi.
Kukholakala ukuthi zilimaza izindawo ezigubuzelwe yi-turf, zidale ukuhlupheka kwezitshalo nezilwane zasendaweni. Ukuze kulondolozwe ibhalansi yemvelo, ama-mustang (ngemvume yezinhlangano zemvelo) ayembiwa lapha ukuze kuthengiswe kabusha noma kuhlatshwe inyama. Kuyiqiniso, abantu bomdabu basemathafeni babhikisha ngokuqothulwa okwenziwe ngamahhashi asendle, bezenzela ezabo izimpikiswano ukuvikela la mahhashi ahlubukayo futhi amahle. Kubantu baseMelika, ama-mustang ayekhona futhi ehlala eluphawu lokulwela ngenkululeko nokuphila okukhululekile. Inganekwane idluliselwa ngomlomo ithi umango owubalekela umfana wezinkomo awuzivumeli ukuthi ushaywe, uncamela ukuziphonsa eweni.
