Umhlali ojwayelekile wezintaba ezisezintabeni, i-hamster kaBrandt, akathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bamagundane okuhlobisa futhi akavamisile kakhulu emaqoqweni asekhaya.
Incazelo yehamster kaBrandt
I-Mesocricetus brandti inegama lesibili - i-hamster yaseTranscaucasian, futhi igama lalo elikweleta isazi sezilwane saseJalimane uJohann Brandt. Igundane limele uhlobo lwe-Medium Hamsters nomndeni / umndeni omncane wama-hamsters.
Ukubukeka
I-hamster enkulu ekhula ize ifike ku-18 cm futhi inesisindo esingu-300 g... Izici eziphawulekayo zezinhlobo zithathwa njengezinde (kufika ku-2.6 cm) izinyawo kanye nomsila omkhulu, u-3 cm, nokho, ocishe ungabonakali ngenxa yoboya. I-hamster yaseBrandt inomzimba omfishane nenhloko emise okweqanda enezindlebe eziyindilinga. Kuzungeze ikhanda nasentanyeni kukhona umugqa omhlophe ophindwe kabili, oqala eduze komlomo bese uqeda eduze kwezindlebe. Izindawo ezisemaceleni ekhanda zinombala ophuzi ngokubomvu, imichilo emnyama yehla ivela ezindlebeni, isilevu ngokuvamile simhlophe.
I-hamster yaseTranscaucasian (njengama-hamsters amaningi) inezikhwama zezihlathi zesici. Izindawo ezikhanyayo ziyabonakala ezihlathini. Esifubeni segundane, phakathi kwemilenze yangaphambili, kunophawu olumnyama olweqa ngaphezu kwamahlombe. Uboya obushelelayo nobuthambile, obufiphele ebusika, buhlukaniswa ngokwanda kwabantu endaweni yomsila. Ngemuva kwegundane kunsundu noma nsundu okomhlaba, isisu simhlophe, mpunga noma mpunga ngokunsundu. Izinyawo zivame ukuba mhlophe, amathe azinaboya.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
IBurrows ibumbene kumakholoni, okungavimbeli ama-hamsters kaBrandt ekubeni yisizungu se-inveterate: ngaphandle kwenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa nabesifazane bahlala ngokuhlukana. Eqenjini lama-hamsters kuhlala kukhona umholi, indima yayo evame ukucatshangelwa ngabesifazane. Izimpahla zeHamster, yize zinezindawo ezinkulu, zibekiwe ngaphezulu, yingakho omakhelwane beshiya izimbobo zabo ngokuqinile ngehora, bezama ukungahlangani. Ngakho-ke, kumagundane angama-25-30 ahlala eduze, akukho okungaphezu kokuthathu okuhlolwa ngasikhathi sinye. Insimu yomuntu iphawulwe ngemfihlo evela kwindlala etholakala engxenyeni engaphandle yethanga.
Imigodi imbiwa emagqumeni, izindunduma nezindunduma. Lapho inhlabathi ithambeka ngokwengeziwe, kuhamba ngokujule nangokunzima ngokwengeziwe: enhlabathini ethambile efinyelela ku-10 m ubude no-2 m ukujula. I-burrows ifakwe igumbi lokudlela, ishede lokugcina kanye nendlu yangasese. Indlu yangasese igcwele njalo ngomhlaba, kanti ama-hamster kufanele akhe entsha. IHamster kaBrandt iyindida futhi ihamba kancane, kepha, uma ifuna izindawo ezilungele ukuhlala kuyo, iyakwazi ukwenza ushintsho olude... Ngokusongela kwangaphandle, akavamile ukubaleka. Lapho izama ukuyikhipha emgodini, i-hamster iyagquma ngokunganeliseki, igxume iphume endaweni yokukhosela bese izama ukuluma owonile, ilume kakhulu nangokuqondile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Igundane elibanjwe ebusweni liyaklolodela, linyusa izikhwama zezihlathi, lilola amazinyo bese lishaya ngokushesha izidladla zangaphambili, lizama ukubamba isitha ngozipho lwaso (ukuklwebha noma ukudonsela phezulu ukuluma).
Ebusika, ama-hamsters aseTranscaucasian angena ebusika, ubude bawo bunqunywa ukuphakama kwendawo. I-Hibernation iqala ngeqhwa lokuqala losuku, yingakho inqubo yandiswa kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuDisemba. Ukulala ku-hamster kaBrandt kuphakathi nendawo - uvuka ngayo yonke imincamo yasebusika. Ukuphuma ebusika basebusika kunesikhathi eside njengokungena, futhi ngokwesiko kuwela ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari-Ephreli.
Ahlala isikhathi eside kangakanani ama hamsters kaBrandt?
Abamele bezinhlobo baphila kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2, baphindaphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngonyaka. Abesifazane abazalwa entwasahlobo bafinyelela ekwandeni ekwindla, okuletha inzalo (ama-hamsters ama-4 kuya kwangama-20).
Ukunikela kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-16-17, okufika ekugcineni kwama-hamsters angaboni, okungabavimbeli ekutholeni ukudla okuluhlaza okwesikhashana kamuva. AmaJuveniles, nabesilisa abancane nabesifazane abaphezulu, bathola ukuzimela cishe izinsuku ezingama-50 futhi bahlala ndawonye isikhathi esithile. Ngezinsuku ezingama-70 ubudala, umphakathi uyahlakazeka.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ukuvuvukala okwenziwe ngama-alimondi (amasende) ku-perineum, okuvela ezinsukwini ezingama-35-40, kuzokhuluma ngobulili be-hamster yaseTranscaucasius. Nokho, kunzima ukuhlukanisa kwabesilisa abancane, kanye nalabo abaphethwe i-cryptorchidism.
Okubalulekile! Ubulili kulula ukubunquma ngendawo yomchamo nendunu: kowesifazane, indunu isondele kakhulu esithweni sangasese, kuyilapho kowesilisa, zombili izimbobo zihlukaniswa yindawo lapho kukhula khona izinwele. Uma kutholakala umgodi owodwa, lona ngowesifazane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisu sowesilisa simbozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya futhi sihlotshiswe enkabeni ngoqwembe oluphuzi, kuyilapho isisu sowesifazane singenalo uqwembe olunjalo, kodwa sigcwele imigqa emi-2 yezingono.
Indawo yokuhlala
IHamster yaseTranscaucasian, njengoba igama lisho, ikakhulu ihlala ezifundeni zezintaba / izintaba zaseTranscaucasus (Armenia naseNingizimu Georgia), eDagestan, naseNtshonalanga Asia. Amagundane ajwayelekile eMpumalanga Ciscaucasia, Lebanon, Israel naseTurkey.
Indawo yokuhlala i-hamster kaBrandt ihlanganisa ama-steppe namathafa asezintabeni, asendaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angu-0.3-3 ngenhla kogu lolwandle. Kanye nama-steppes (intaba negquma), igundane likhetha ama-biotopes otshani obuswa utshani-utshani / utshani, ligweme izindawo eziwugwadule ngokweqile noma ezimanzi kakhulu. Imvamisa kugcwala izinkambu zokusanhlamvu. Ngokuvamile, izilwane zikhetha izindawo eziyizicaba noma ezixegayo kancane lapho kukhona ungqimba olujiyile lomhlabathi.
Ukugcina i-hamster kaBrandt
Izinhlobo zikubekezelela kahle ukuthunjwa. Ama-hamsters amancane ajwayele ukujwayela izandla, ezingenakushiwo ngabantu abadala. Lezi zokugcina, uma sezisesibayeni semvelo, zivame ukungakwazi ukuzala, ngakho-ke, ngokuzalanisa, uzodinga abantu abasebasha. Njengoba seyijwayele umnikazi wayo, i-hamster yaseTranscaucasian inqoba isimo esesabekayo samagundane amancane futhi ngokulangazelela iyajwayela ikhaya elisha.
Ukugcwaliswa kwezinyosi
Njengoba i-hamster kaBrandt iyisidalwa esikhulu, futhi udinga ikheji elibanzi (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-40 * 60 cm) ngezinduku eziqondile, isikhawu esiphakathi kuka-5-6 mm.
Ukwenza igundane lifane nokuhlala ehhokweni, lihlomise ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- okuphakelayo (okwenziwe ngengilazi ejiyile noma nge-ceramic);
- indlu (imvamisa ipulasitiki);
- othomathikhi (ingono) ophuza;
- isondo elinobuso obuqinile;
- imigudu;
- amathoyizi (amakhadibhodi angasetshenziswa);
- itshe lezimbiwa;
- ikhoneni lendlu yangasese eline-filler.
Okubalulekile! Lapho ukhetha ubukhulu bendlu, khumbula ukuthi i-hamster, noma inezikhwama ezigcwele zezihlathi, kufanele ingene kalula ngaphakathi. Uphahla lwendlu, njengomthetho, luyasuswa, kepha alundizeli ngaphandle kokuthinta ngengozi.
Ukugijima esondweni / ezitebhisini kusindisa isilwane ekusebenzeni komzimba nasekukhulupheni ngokweqile: i-hamster igijima ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha ayi-10 ubusuku ngabunye. Ithileyi lifakwe ekhoneni, lifundisa igundane ukuhamba lapho lisuka ebuntwaneni. Ekhejini, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwepallet - ngokujula kwesitsha, imfucumfucu encane engaphandle kwekheji. Ukushewa kwezinkuni kubekwa phansi.
Ukudla, uhlobo lokondla
Endle, i-hamster kaBrandt ithanda izitshalo zasendle nezinhlamvu ezitshaliwe, ngezinye izikhathi izixuba ngezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla nezinambuzane. Ngezikhathi ezithile izingela amagundane amancane - amagundane asensimini nawendlu. Ekuthunjweni, futhi akenqabi inyama.
Lapho igcinwa ekhaya, i-hamster inikezwa ukudla okomisiwe okwenziwe ngomumo kanye nemikhiqizo elandelayo:
- oats, amabele kanye nokolweni;
- ama-apula, amapheya;
- izaqathe, ukhukhamba nama-beet;
- isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi nommbila;
- ukholifulawa, zucchini, ithanga;
- amagilebhisi, ama-raspberries / ama-strawberry;
- amantongomane nembewu (okungajwayelekile).
Okubalulekile! Iklabishi elimhlophe, izithelo ezisawolintshi, u-anyanisi nogalikhi ayifakwanga ekudleni, kepha ama-sprigs ezinkuni ezilukhuni abekwa njalo ehhokweni (abiliswe emanzini cishe imizuzu engama-20).
Izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngesonto, i-hamster ihlanganiswa nokunye kokulandelayo:
- ibele lezinkukhu elibilisiwe (azikho izinongo / usawoti);
- imikhiqizo ye-lactic acid (okuqukethwe okunamafutha kufika ku-1%);
- iqanda elibilisiwe elimhlophe;
- izinhlanzi ezondile (ezingenamathambo) zezinhlobo ezinamafutha aphansi;
- imfanzi ebilisiwe noma inyama (kuyaqabukela);
- izinambuzane zokudla kanye ne-gammarus.
I-hamster yabantu abadala idla izipuni eziyi-2-3 zokudla ngosuku. Leli inani elijwayelekile ukuze igundane lingazizwa lilambile, okungenani kuze kube ngakusasa ekuseni.
Izifo zokuzala
I-hamster kaBrandt ayithinteki kangako ezinhlotsheni ezinjengezifo ezijwayelekile ezitholakala kuwo wonke ama-hamsters asekhaya. Izifo ezivame kakhulu:
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo zesinye / izinso - igundane alinandaba, linomile njalo futhi livame ukuchama (kwesinye isikhathi libuhlungu negazi);
- ukukhuluphala ngokweqile - lesi sifo sigcwele imiphumela, ngoba sithinta umsebenzi wesistimu yenhliziyo. Izinhlamvu ezinamakhalori amaningi ngokweqile ziyasuswa ekudleni, kufakwe esikhundleni sazo ngamakhambi, izithelo nemifino;
- amakhaza - i-hypothermia noma ukutheleleka kuba yimbangela (imvamisa evela kumnikazi ogulayo);
- isifo sohudo - sivela ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile imifino noma ngoshintsho olubukhali ekudleni;
- ukuqunjelwa - kwenzeka ngenxa yokushoda kwamanzi noma ukudla ukudla okomile. Ngokuqunjelwa, ama-rodent slouches, kanye nenani lezintambo emgodini liyancipha;
- ama-fractures - ama-hamsters avame ukulimaza imilenze nomsila, ewa ukuphakama noma engaphumeleli ukugijima esondweni. Isilwane silinganiselwe ekuhambeni, futhi ubisi, isinkwa esithambile namakhekhe ezinja ayengezwa kwimenyu.
Ukunakekelwa, inhlanzeko
Indlu yangasese ibekwe emgodini ngokuthanda kwayo, kepha kuyadingeka ukuyihlanza ngesihlabathi, okufanele ithengwe esitolo sezilwane (njengomthetho, lesi yisanti se-chinchillas). Ithileyi kufanele libe ngepulasitiki, i-ceramic noma ingilazi. Ama-hamsters kaBrandt, njengamanye ama-hamsters, awagezwa (abamba imikhuhlane, agule aze afe nangalokhu). Ukuhlanzwa kokungcola kanye nezimuncagazi zangaphandle kwenzeka ngosizo lwesihlabathi.
Kanye ngesonto, ikheji le-hamster kufanele lihlanzwe kusetshenziswa izinto ezimnene (ezingezona ezinobuthi), ezinjenge-baking soda, lapho ziwashwa. Kuyisiko ukuhlela ukuhlanzwa okujwayelekile njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Noma ikuphi ukuhlanzwa kugcina ngokubuyisa idlanzana lokugcwalisa "okudala" emgodini onephunga lendabuko yamagundane - lokhu kuyadingeka ekuthuleni kwesilwane.
