Hares yizilwane ezincane ezingohlobo lweHare. Eqinisweni, unogwaja awunamahloni nakancane futhi awunakuzivikela njengoba kukholwa kakhulu. Lesi yisilwane esiqinile futhi esisheshayo ngosayizi waso, esikwaziyo ukuzimela uma sengozini.
Incazelo kanogwaja
Amahares angokomndeni wonogwaja, nawo, oyingxenye yokuhleleka kukanogwaja... Ngaphezu kwama-hares kanye nonogwaja, ama-pikas nawo angawo lo oda. Izici eziyinhloko ezihlukanisiwe zezindlebe yizindlebe ezinde, umsila omfushane nezitho zangemuva ezinde, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zilwane zingahambela phambili kakhulu.
Ukubukeka
AmaHares awahlukaniswa ngosayizi wawo omkhulu nomthethosisekelo onamandla: ezinye zalezi zilwane ezingafinyelela kuma-65-70 cm ubude no-7 kg ngesisindo. Futhi umzimba wabo ohlangene, othambile kusuka ezinhlangothini, njengomthetho, ubukeka uzacile futhi uzacile. Isici esikhulu esihlukanisayo sawo wonke ama-hares yizindlebe zawo ezinde zesimo esivulekile.
Ngokuya ngohlobo, izindlebe zonogwaja ziyehluka ngobude, kepha azifinyezi ngaphansi kuka-1/2 ubude bamakhanda azo. Iningi lalezi zilwane linamadlebe akhonjwe emaphethelweni, kepha kunezinhlobo zezidlwane ezincane, ezinezindlebe eziyindilinga ngaphezulu. Ikhanda likanogwaja libukeka lincane maqondana nomzimba, futhi uhlaka lwawo lufana nokuhayiza okusaqanda ngakunye. Umlomo, uhlukaniswe waba izingxenye ezimbili nge-groove ejulile, unesimo esiyindilinga.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amazinyo e-lagomorph ayafana namazinyo amagundane. Umehluko phakathi kwale miyalo emibili esakhiweni samazinyo silele ekutheni ama-hares, onogwaja kanye nama-pikas abanalo i-incisors eyodwa emhlathini ongenhla, kodwa amabili, futhi i-posterior pair ayithuthukisiwe kangako kuneyangaphambili.
Okunye ukufana phakathi kwezilwane zale miyalo emibili ukuthi, njengamagundane, amazinyo amahares akhula njalo futhi adinga ukugaywa njalo, yingakho lezi zilwane zizama ukudla ukudla okuqinile.
Ezingulubeni ezinkulu, izitho zangemuva zinde ngo-25-35% kunezangaphambili, kanti ezinhlotsheni ezincane izitho zangaphambili nezangemuva zicishe zilingane ngobude. Lezi zilwane zinezinzwani ezinhlanu ezinyaweni zangaphambili, kanye no-4-5 emilenzeni yangemuva. Izinyawo zinde ngokwedlulele, kunesembozo esisodwa esimbozwe ngoboya obukhulu kanye nezinzipho ezicijile ezicijile, ezidingekayo kwizimbadada ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye nokumba iqhwa nenhlabathi ephezulu ebusika, lapho kufanele zondle izimpande ezahlukahlukene.
Umsila wazo zonke izinzalo ezimfishane ufushane kakhulu futhi uluhlaza, ubunjwe njengepomponi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane, ucishe ungabonakali kwezinye izingilazi. Uboya bezinhlobo eziningi zama-lagomorphs bukhulu futhi buthambile, futhi buhlanganisa cishe wonke umzimba wesilwane: isiqeshana esincanyana soboya sikhula ngisho nangaphakathi kwendebe. Umbala wamahares uhlukile: mpunga, nsundu, sandy noma nsundu. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, umbala woboya uguqulela kokumhlophe ebusika, okusiza izilwane ngempumelelo ukucasha ezilwaneni eziyingozi.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Amahares yizilwane zasemhlabeni, azikwazi ukubhukuda kahle noma akhuphuke ezihlahleni noma emadwaleni. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-lagomorphs zakha amakoloni, kanti ezinye zikhetha ukuphila impilo yodwa. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, lezi zilwane aziweli kuzithombe ezimisiwe: zihlala zisebenza unyaka wonke.
Emini, ama-hares, njengomthetho, akhetha ukulala phansi ezindaweni ezikhuliswe ngotshani obukhulu enhlabathini noma ezihlahleni eziminyene, kuthi kusihlwa nasebusuku baphume bayofuna ukudla. Ebusika, lapho bungekho khona utshani, bavame ukucasha emgodini ongajulile ombiwe ngaphansi kweqhwa elisanda kuwa elingakabi naso isikhathi sokupakisha. Lezi zilwane zihamba ngokweqa okukhulu, kanti ijubane lazo lingafinyelela kuma-70 km / h.
Amehlo abo abuthakathaka, noma kunjalo, lokhu kushoda kunxeshezelwa ngokuphelele ukuzwa nokuhogela okuthuthukile... Amahares yizilwane eziqaphile, kepha uma kusondela ingozi, bavame ukukhetha iqhinga lokulinda: bazifihle otshanini noma eqhweni, balinde lokho okuzokwenziwa yisitha esizayo. Futhi kuphela lapho umuntu ongamazi esondela ebangeni eliseduze kakhulu, isilwane sigxuma sisuke endaweni yaso yokulala futhi sigijime.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho unogwaja ebalekela umlandeli wakhe, udida imikhondo: uyaphephetha, ugxume ubheke eceleni futhi ungagijima ibanga elithile emikhondweni yawo.
Ngokuqondile ngoba lesi silwane sinomkhuba wokweqa siphume kumuntu ongaqaphile futhi sidlule nje sisuka ngaphansi kwezinyawo zaso futhi sigijimele kude naye ngokushesha okukhulu, abantu babheka izingulube njengezilwane zobugwala. Yize, eqinisweni, lokhu kuziphatha kungabizwa ngokuthi kuyesabeka, kunalokho, kuyisixwayiso nokungathandi ukuzibandakanya nomhlaseli ongaba khona.
Iqiniso lokuthi unogwaja ukude nesidalwa esiyigwala kufakazelwa ukuthi lapho isitha noma kunjalo simfica futhi sizama ukumbamba, lesi silwane esibonakala singenabungozi singazivikela ngempumelelo. Ukuze enze lokhu, ulele ngomhlane futhi ushaya lowo omsukelayo ngemilenze yangemuva eqinile futhi enemisipha efakwe uzipho olude nolucijile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina nokunemba kwalezi zishayi kuvame ukuthi isihambi esicasulayo esingafuni ukushiya unogwaja sodwa sivame ukuthola amanxeba okufa. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi akekho umzingeli oyedwa oqeqeshiwe ongaphakamisa unogwaja ophilayo ngezindlebe: phela, ngale ndlela, isilwane singakugwema futhi siyishaye ngezitho zayo zangemuva.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani unogwaja
Isikhathi sokuphila sama-hares endaweni yabo yemvelo yiminyaka engu-6-8. Noma kunjalo, izilwane eziningi zifa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ziphela izinsuku zazo ngamazinyo noma ngozipho bezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye, kanye nokudutshulwa ngabazingeli. Ikakhulukazi kufa onogwaja abancane abaningi, okuyizisulu ezilula kakhulu ngisho nezidliwayo ezincane kanye nama-omnivores. Ekuthunjweni, ama-hares avame ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-10 noma eyi-12.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Amahares awehlukile kowesilisa ngombala woboya, futhi umthethosisekelo wawo ucishe ufane. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlamvu zabesilisa nabobulili obuhlukile ngosayizi: abesifazane bavame ukuba bancane, ngaphandle kwalokho, izingulube zinekhanda eliyindilinga, kanti kwabesilisa kuvame ukuba side futhi kucwecwe kusuka ezinhlangothini.
Izinhlobo zezinhlamvu
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi amathathu zamahares emhlabeni, ezihlukile ngosayizi ngamunye.
Izici zesakhiwo, indlela yokuziphatha kanye nendlela yokuphila:
- Inhlwathi.
- Imvundla yaseMelika.
- Unogwaja wase-Arctic.
- Unogwaja wase-Alaska
- Unogwaja onomsila omnyama.
- Unogwaja omhlophe.
- Cape hare.
- Unogwaja ophuzi.
- Unogwaja onsundu onsundu.
- Umvundla.
- Unogwaja weSandstone.
- Tolai hare.
- Umshanelo unogwaja.
- Yunnan hare.
- Unogwaja waseKorea.
- Unogwaja waseCorsican.
- Unogwaja waseYurophu.
- Unogwaja wase-Iberia.
- Unogwaja waseManchurian.
- Unogwaja osontekile.
- Stark Mvundla.
- Unogwaja omhlophe.
- Unogwaja ongumTopiya.
- Hainan unogwaja.
- Unogwaja onentamo emnyama.
- Unogwaja waseBurma.
- Unogwaja waseChina.
- I-Yarkand hare.
- Unogwaja waseJapan.
- Unogwaja wase-Abyssinian.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lo mndeni ubandakanya noDon hare, owathi ngasePleistocene ongasekho owayehlala eMpumalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho ye-Asia, kodwa washona kudala. Kwakuyisilwane esikhulu esanele sama-lagomorphs anemisipha ehlafunwayo eyenziwe kahle, okuthi, ngokwemiphumela yezifundo zofuzo, kwakuyisihlobo esiseduze kunogwaja esimhlophe sanamuhla.
Indawo yokuhlala
Lezi zilwane zihlala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwase-Australia nase-Antarctica. Ngisho nase-Arctic nase-Alaska, ungabona amahhala ase-Arctic nama-haas ase-Alaska ahlala lapho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zitholakala endaweni yaseRussia: ama-hares, ama-hares, ama-Manchu hares nama-tolai hares. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwama-hares, zingahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zesimo sezulu: kusuka e-arctic tundra kuya emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingwadule ezomile nezingwadule eziyisiqingatha. Lezi zilwane zihlala zombili ethafeni nasezintabeni, endaweni ephakeme engadluli kuma-4900 m.
Ezinye zalezi zilwane, njengomvundla omhlophe, zithanda ukuhlala emahlathini, kanti ezinye izingulube zihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile kuphela, njengama-steppes noma ama-semi-desert. Ezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlala ezindaweni ezomile noma ezinkangala, zihlala emigodini engenalutho eyembiwa ezinye izilwane, kuyilapho ama-hares ngokwawo, ngokungafani nezihlobo zawo eziseduze kakhulu - onogwaja, bengalokothi bambe imigodi. Izinhlobo eziningi zamahares yizilwane ezihlala phansi, kepha ngenkathi ebandayo, ngesikhathi sokushoda kokudla, zingahamba ibanga elifushane ziyofuna ukudla.
Ukudla kwamahares
Isisekelo sokudla konogwaja kungukudla kwezitshalo ezinekhalori eliphansi, njengamagxolo namagatsha ezihlahla, amaqabunga, kanye nezitshalo ezinomuthi.... AmaHares ahlala endaweni enesimo sezulu esipholile, i-clover, ama-dandelions, i-sedge, i-yarrow ne-alfalfa athanda kakhulu. Ngenkathi efudumele, lezi zilwane azikuthandi ukudla amahlumela amajingijolo namajikijolo, amakhowe, kanye nezithelo zama-apula asendle kanye namapheya asendle.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imvamisa, amahares ahlasela izilwane ezidliwayo emasimini nasezivandeni, lapho edla khona amagxolo ezihlahla zezithelo futhi adle imifino efana neklabishi, iparsley, itheniphu, izaqathe nezinye izitshalo zensimu.
Ekwindla, njengomthetho, bashintshela ekudleni amagxolo ezihlahla namahlumela amancane amnandi, kanti ebusika, ngesikhathi sendlala, bagubha izimpande ezahlukahlukene notshani obomile ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngokuya ngendawo abahlala kuyo, ama-hares akhiqiza inzalo kusuka kwesinye kuya kane ngonyaka. Izinhlobo ezihlala eNyakatho zikwazi ukuzala izigaxa ezilodwa kuphela ehlobo, kanti izinhlobo zaseningizimu zingazala kaningi kakhulu. Umkhuba wabo wokuqala uqala ngasekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kuvame ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa abancintisana nokunaka unogwaja ofanayo: izimbangi ziyagxumelana, zizama ukusunduza isitha emuva, zishaye ngezidladla zazo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, zimi ziye ekuphakameni kwazo okugcwele, ibhokisi ngezidladla zangaphambili. Ophumelele, ozuze ukunakwa kowesifazane, uqala ukumgxumela, kube sengathi umumema ukuthi agijime naye emjahweni.
Ngasikhathi sinye, umbhangqwana onogwaja kwesinye isikhathi uthathwa kakhulu ngokuthandana bobabili kangangokuba ungaboni lutho nxazonke, ngisho nokusondela kwabadlayo. Ukukhulelwa konogwaja kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-26 kuya kwezingama-55, emva kwalokho kuzalwa amawundlu amaningana, inani lawo elihlukile kuzimo zezinhlobo zendawo yokuhlala. Imvamisa insikazi izala ingane e-1 kuye kwayi-11.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinhlotsheni zezingulube ezihlala emigodini noma kwezinye izindawo zokukhosela zemvelo, inzalo izalwa ingenaboya noma imbozwe ngoboya, kepha iyizimpumputhe, ngenkathi isezimbungwini ezihlala ebusweni bomhlaba, abesifazane bazala amawundlu anoboya futhi abonayo.
Lapho zizalwa, lezi zamuva ziphakeme ngokuphawulekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni "ezihlotsheni" zazo ezisanda kuzalwa ezizalwe emigodini: ngokoqobo emahoreni okuqala empilo yazo, zingahamba ngokuzimela futhi zicashe otshanini. Kuya ngesikhatsi lesitalwa sitalwa ngaso, sibitwa ngendlela lehlukile.
Ngakho-ke, onogwaja abavela kudoti wokuqala babizwa ngokuthi ama-nastoviks, azalwa ehlobo - abelaphi noma ama-letnik, nalabo abazalelwa eduze nasekwindla - abahlukumezayo. Kwakukholakala ukuthi unogwaja ungumama omubi futhi wayengenandaba namazinyane akhe nhlobo: wayezowondla ngobisi ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeletha abaleke.
Kuliqiniso, ngasikhathi sinye, onogwaja ababulali yindlala nakancane: bondliwa abanye onogwaja abaseduze. Kodwa okwamanje, akubona bonke izazi zezilwane ezihlanganyela lo mbono: abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi unogwaja ongumama akawalahli amawundlu akhe, kodwa uhlala eseduze. Kuliqiniso, uma kunosongo, ngeke abavikele, kepha uzokhetha ukubaleka. Ekuqaleni, insikazi yondla amawundlu ayo ngobisi, futhi kamuva ishintshela ngokuphelele ukutshala ukudla. Lezi zilwane, ngokuya ngohlobo lwazo, zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili zinamasonto ayishumi kuya eminyakeni emibili.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha eziyinhloko zezimbongolo yizimpungushe nezimpisi. Kepha ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye aziphikisani nokuzama unogwaja. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho neziphakathi nendawo, zizingelwa nezimpungushe zase-Arctic, ama-ermine, ama-lynx, amakati asendle, kanye nezinyoni ezidla inyama: izinkozi, oklebe, izikhova zokhozi. Ezindaweni eziningi eziseningizimu, izimpungushe nezimpisi ziyizitha zemvelo zezimbila zithutha. Ezweni elisha, ama-hares azingelwa ama-coyotes nezinye izidalwa ezihlala ezindaweni ezifanayo. Ezilwaneni ezihlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala, izinja, zombili amaphakethe alahlekile nezilwane ezifuywayo, kungaba yingozi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Iningi lama-hares yizinhlobo ezichumayo, kepha kukhona nalabo isimo sabo esibangela ukukhathazeka phakathi kwezazi zezilwane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:
- Vala endaweni esengozini: umvundla omhlophe, onsundu omnyama, iYarkand.
- Izinhlobo ezisengozini: umshanelo unogwaja, uCorsican, Hainan.
- Uhlobo lwemvelo olusengozini yokushabalala: unogwaja ophuzi.
- Idatha enganele: Unogwaja ongumTopiya.
Isizathu sokuba sengozini kwalezi zilwane yizici ze-anthropogenic noma iqiniso lokuthi la lagomorphs agcwele, ahlala esifundeni esincane kakhulu, esilinganiselwe futhi awatholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni. Ngokuqondene nonogwaja ongumTopiya, izazi zezilwane azazi okuncane kakhulu ngenani labantu abathile kanye nendlela yokuphila, ngoba lesi silwane siyimfihlo kakhulu futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, sihlala ikakhulukazi ezintabeni ezikude.
Inani lokuhweba
Ngaphandle kokuthi amahares awalingani ngobukhulu, lezi zilwane ziyizinhlobo zezentengiselwano ezibalulekile. Abantu babazingela ukuze bathole inyama, ethathwa njengomdlalo omnandi, kanye noboya obufudumele nobugqinsi bukanogwaja, obusetshenziselwa ukwenza izingubo zasebusika.
Amahares anezitha eziningi zemvelo emvelweni, futhi ngisho nabantu bahlala bezizingela. Kepha lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukugcina izinombolo zazo ngenxa yokuzala okuphezulu nokuthi izinhlobo zazo eziningi azizali kanye, kepha izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngonyaka.... Lezi zilwane zizivumelanisa ngokuphelele nanoma yiziphi izimo, azidli ngokudla futhi azidingi izinto ezinkulu zomuntu ukuze ziphile kahle. Yilezi zinto ezivumele ukuthi hares zihlale cishe manje emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwe-Australia ne-Antarctica.
