Izigwaca zinyoni ezincane ezilingana ne-thrush ezithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile njengama-steppes noma izimfunda. Akuvamile ukubonwa, kepha izigaxa zezigwaca zizwakala emathafeni noma edlelweni ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kwalezi zinyoni kaningi. Kwabaningi abangazazi izigwaca kangcono, bangabonakala njengezinyoni eziyisidina nezingakwazi ukukhuluma. Kepha, empeleni, izigwaca ziyinyoni ethakazelisa kakhulu, uma kungenjalo akumangalisi. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zalezi zinyoni emhlabeni futhi ngayinye yazo ihlukile ngendlela yayo.
Incazelo yesagwaca
Izigwaca ezivamile noma, njengoba kuvame ukubizwa kanjalo, izigwaca, ezomndeni omncane we-partridge oda lezinkukhu... Sekuyisikhathi eside kunesithakazelo kubantu hhayi njengomdlalo nje kuphela, kodwa futhi njengenyoni yokuhlobisa noma yengoma. Futhi ezinsukwini zakudala e-Asia babesetshenziswa njengabalwa, behlela ukulwa ngezigwaca.
Ukubukeka
Ubukhulu besigwaca esijwayelekile sincane: le nyoni ayidluli u-20 cm ubude kanye no-150 gram wesisindo. Futhi ayikhanyi ngezimpaphe ezikhanyayo, kunalokho, umbala wayo ufana nombala wotshani obuphuzi noma amaqabunga awile. Izimpaphe zombala o-ocher-brownish zimbozwe ngamabala amnyama futhi akhanyayo amancane nemivimbo, evumela ukuthi izigwaca zikwazi ukucasha ngobunono emahlathini otshani obomile.
Owesilisa nowesifazane bayahlukahluka ngombala. Kweduna, umzimba ophezulu namaphiko anombala oyindida ohlukahlukene. Ithoni eyinhloko i-ocher-brownish, lapho kusakazeka khona amabala nemivimbo yembala emnyama, ebomvu nsundu. Ikhanda nalo limnyama, linomugqa omncane onombala okhanyayo ohamba maphakathi, ngenhla kweso kukhona nomunye umugqa, okhanyayo, onombala ophaphathekile ogudla ekhanda usuka onqenqemeni lwekhala eceleni kwejwabu leso, bese uya entanyeni, wakhe nxazonke zenyoni uhlobo lwengilazi ekhanyayo amathempeli.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kungaba nzima ukubona izigwaca zicashe otshanini noma zigobe phansi, ngoba umbala wazo ucishe uhlangane ngokuphelele nezwe elizungezile. Lesi sici sombala sivumela izinyoni ukuba zizifihle ngobuciko futhi zizikhonze njengesivikelo esihle ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Umphimbo wabesilisa ubamnyama, unombala onsundu, kepha ngekwindla kuyakhanya. Umphimbo wowesifazane ulula ukwedlula umbala omkhulu futhi futhi umbozwe ngamabala amancane amnyama nemivimbo. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba nayo ilula kunaleyo engenhla. Izigwaca zinephethini elithandekayo esifubeni sazo, ezakhiwa izimpaphe zombala oyinhloko ngenxa yokuhlangana kwazo nezimnyama, kanye nezimpaphe ezilula ukwedlula umbala omkhulu.
Izimpiko zalezi zinyoni zinde kakhulu, kanti umsila mncane kakhulu. Imilenze ilula, imifushane, kodwa hhayi emikhulu.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izigwaca yizinyoni ezifudukayo. Kuyiqiniso, lezo ezihlala endaweni efudumele azishiyi izindawo zazo zakubo, kodwa izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo zifudukela ngaseningizimu njalo ekwindla.
Ngokungafani nezinyoni eziningi ezifudukayo, ezikwazi ukuhamba ngezindiza ezinde futhi ezikhuphukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni, izigwaca zindiza kancane futhi zingafuni ngokuzithandela. Ngisho nakwezilwane ezidla ezinye, zithanda ukubalekela phansi. Futhi, njengoba zikhuphukele emoyeni, zindiza ziphansi ngenhla komhlaba, zenza ukushaywa kaningi kwamaphiko azo.
Izigwaca zihlala ezihlahleni ezinotshani, ezazithinta nakanjani izici zemikhuba yazo nokubukeka kwazo.... Ngisho nokwenza izindiza nokuzinza ukuze baphumule, lezi zinyoni azisoze zahlala emagatsheni ezihlahla zanoma yini. Bazokwehlela phansi emhlabathini futhi, njengoba benza ezindaweni zabo zokwakha izidleke, bazocasha otshanini. Yize zincane ngci, izigwaca azibukeki zizinhle nhlobo, kunalokho, zibonakala ziqinile. Ngokuwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhuluphele, okubenza babonakale bekhuluphele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Labo abazizondayo ngalesi sikhathi bazi kahle ukuthi izigwaca zingaba nesibindi esingakanani ekwindla ngaphambi kokuhamba.
Izigwaca zihamba ngemihlambi: zibalekela ebusika emazweni aseNingizimu ye-Asia nase-Afrika, lapho kungekho busika namakhaza abanda khona, kanti entwasahlobo babuyela emasimini abo nasezintabeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izigwaca zasekhaya, ezifuyelwe ukuthola inyama namaqanda anomsoco, sezilahlekelwe ngokuphelele amandla okundiza, kanye nethuku lokuzalela. Kodwa lezi zinyoni ngokumangalisayo azithobeki ezimweni zokuboshwa. Bacishe bagule futhi bahlukaniswe ngokuthula, okubenza babe lula kakhulu ngokukhula nokugcina emagcekeni nasemapulazini amancane.
Zingaki izigwaca ezihlala
Izigwaca zasendle azihlali isikhathi eside: iminyaka engu-4-5 seyithathwa njengeminyaka ehlonishwa kakhulu kubo. Ekhaya, izagwaca zokubeka zigcinwa zingaphansi kakhulu: kuze kube unyaka owodwa nohhafu. Iqiniso ukuthi lapho sebenonyaka owodwa ubudala, baqala ukushesha kakhulu futhi babagcine epulazini kuba okungenangqondo.
Izinhlobo zezigwaca // eziphilayo
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziyishumi zezigwaca: eziyisishiyagalombili - eziphila namuhla futhi ezichuma kakhulu, kanti ezimbili - ezingasekho, uma kungenxa yephutha lomuntu, okungenani ngemvume yakhe engacunuli.
Izinhlobo eziphilayo:
- Izigwaca ezivamile.
- Izigwaca eziyizimungulu noma zaseJapan.
- Izigwaca zase-Australia.
- Izigwaca ezimnyama amabele.
- Izigwaca ze-Harlequin.
- Izigwaca Ezinsundu.
- Izigwaca eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zase-Afrika.
- Izigwaca ezipendiwe.
Izinhlobo ezingasekho zifaka:
- Izigwaca zaseNew Zealand.
- Izigwaca zeCanary.
Ubuningi balezi zinhlobo abukhanyi ngokugqama kwezimpaphe, ngaphandle kwezigwaca eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zase-Afrika, ezeduna zazo ezixhasa igama lezinhlobo zazo... Ukusuka ngenhla, umbala wazo awuhlukile kakhulu kumbala wazo zonke ezinye izigwaca, kepha ingxenye engezansi yekhanda, eqala ngamehlo nangaphansi, umphimbo, isifuba, isisu nomsila, inombala we-iridescent, umaphakathi phakathi kwe-spaphyric blue ne-bluish.
Ezihlathini, esilevini nasemphinjeni kunendawo emhlophe ekhanyayo emise okwezinyembezi izungezwe umugqa omnyama. Kodwa izinsikazi zezagwaca eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zase-Afrika ziyizagwaca ezijwayelekile kakhulu, ezingamangalisi ezibekiwe ezinombala oyinhloko obomvu obomvu kanye nesisu esikhanyayo, esimhlophe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izigwaca zaseJapan, endle azinkulu kakhulu (amagremu angama-90-100 isisindo sowesilisa osekhulile), yaba ngukhokho wazo zonke izinhlobo zezigwaca ezifuywayo, kufaka phakathi inyama, enesisindo esingama-gramu angama-300, okuyisisindo esiphindwe kathathu kokhokho babo.
Abesilisa bezagwaca ezipendiwe bahlukaniswa umbala ogqame nakakhulu: ikhanda nentamo yabo kumnyama mpunga, phezulu komzimba kudwetshiwe esayifini esibhakabhaka ngokuxubana okuncane kwempunga, isifuba, isisu nezimpaphe zokundiza kubomvu kansundu, uqhwaku lumnyama, nemilenze ikhanya -iwolintshi. Lezi zinhlobo zincane kakhulu phakathi kwezigwaca ngosayizi: isisindo sazo sisuka ku-45 kuye ku-70 amagremu, nobude bungu-14 cm.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ububanzi bezigwaca ezivamile bukhulu: lezi zinyoni zihlala cishe kulo lonke izwe elidala: eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwendawo abahlala kuyo, izigwaca zihlukaniswe ukuhlala phansi nokufuduka. Izigwaca ezihlala phansi zihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele, lapho singekho isidingo sokuthuthela eningizimu. Futhi izinyoni ezifudukayo zihlala ezifundeni ezinezimo ezibandayo, ngakho-ke, lapho kuqala ukwindla, zikhuphuka ephikweni bese zindiza ziye emazweni aseningizimu ebusika. Izigwaca zikhetha ukuhlala emathafeni nasemadlelweni phakathi kotshani obude, lapho kungelula khona ukuthi babone.
Izindawo nezindawo zokuhlala zabanye, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezigwaca eziyinqaba:
- Isimungulu noma isagwaca saseJapan sihlala eManchuria, Primorye nasenyakatho neJapane, bese sindiza sibheke eningizimu yeJapan, Korea noma eningizimu yeChina ukuze sisebusika. Ukhetha ukuhlala emasimini agcwele utshani, amahlathi aphansi osebeni lwemifula, kanye nasemasimini ezolimo ahlwanyelwe irayisi, ibhali noma i-oats.
- Izigwaca zase-Australia zisatshalaliswa kakhulu kulo lonke elase-Australia, kepha okwamanje azihlali eTasmania, yize zitholakale lapho kwaze kwaba cishe ngawo-1950. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezindaweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga nasentshonalanga ye-Australia ezinomswakama kakhulu, lapho zihlala khona emadlelweni amakhulu nasemasimini atshalwe ngezitshalo zezolimo.
- Izigwaca ezimnyama ezimnyama zihlala eHindustan, kanye nasemazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, lapho ihlala khona emasimini, njengazo zonke ezinye izigwaca, ngasendleleni.
- Izigwaca zeHarlequin zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, eMadagascar nasenhlonhlweni yase-Arabia. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo eziyizintandokazi zingamadlelo angenamkhawulo namasimu agcwele izimila eziphansi.
- Izigwaca ezinsundu zitholakala eziqhingini ezisakazeke e-Oceania, nase-Australia naseTasmania. Ihlala emadlelweni, ema-savanna, ezihlahleni zamahlathi nasezixhaphozini. Igwema izindawo ezomile futhi ikakhulukazi ihlala emathafeni. Kodwa-ke, eNew Zealand naseNew Guinea, ingahlala nasezintabeni.
- Izigwaca eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zase-Afrika zihlala ezwenikazi i-Afrika eningizimu yeSahara. Imvamisa ihlala emadlelweni noma emasimini ezolimo eduze nemifula noma amachibi.
- Izigwaca ezipendiwe zihlala e-Afrika, eHindustan, e-Southeast Asia, e-Australia nase-Oceania. Bathanda ukuhlala ezimfundeni ezimanzi ezindaweni zombili ezinezintaba nezintaba.
Ukudla kwezigwaca
Ukuze uthole ukudla, izigwaca zisabalalisa umhlabathi ngezinyawo, njengenkukhu ejwayelekile. Ukudla kwakhe kuqukethe ingxenye yesilwane, ukudla kwesigamu kwesitshalo. Lezi zinyoni zidla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezincane njengezikelemu, izinambuzane, kanye nezibungu zazo. Ukudla kwezitshalo okudliwa yiziqu kubandakanya imbewu nezinhlamvu zezitshalo, kanye namahlumela namaqabunga ezihlahla nezihlahlana.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izigwaca ezincane zondla kakhulu ngokudla kwezilwane, futhi kuphela lapho kukhula lapho isilinganiso sokudla kwezitshalo sikhula ekudleni kwazo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izigwaca zifika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo bese ziqala ngokushesha ukufuna umlingani, bese zakha isidleke. Lezi zinyoni zinesithembu, azinazimbhangqwana ezihlala njalo, futhi azihlali zithembekile kubalingani bazo. Ngesikhathi somkhosi wokuqomisana, abesilisa bazama ukuhlaba umxhwele abakhethiweyo babo ngosizo lwezingoma, okuthi noma kunjalo zifane nokumemeza kunokucula kwangempela.
Imvamisa, kuba nezimpi ezishubile phakathi kwabesilisa ezifuna ukunakwa kowesifazane ofanayo, okuyilapho umnqobi enqunywa, ozoba ngumuntu okhethiwe "wentokazi" enezimpaphe.
Isidleke sakhiwe ekucindezelekeni okuncane kwenye indawo emathafeni noma edlelweni. Futhi, izinyoni zivame ukukhetha amasimu atshalwe ngezitshalo zokusanhlamvu njengendawo yokwakha izidleke zazo.
Izinyoni zimboza phansi komgodi ngezimpaphe notshani obomile, ngemuva kwalokho isidleke sesikulungele, ukuze uqale ukubekela amaqanda nokuchamisela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Kulesi sidleke, insikazi izalela amaqanda anombala onsundu onhlobonhlobo, inani lawo elingalingana nezicucu eziyishumi noma ezingamashumi amabili.
Okubalulekile! Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ezigwilini kwenzeka ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni yobudala yonyaka owodwa, ngemuva kwalokho inyoni encane ingaqala ukufuna umlingani noma, uma sikhuluma ngendoda, zama ukulwa nabanye abafakizicelo ngelungelo lokuba nalowo omkhethile.
Ngemuva kwalokho inqubo yokuchamisela iyaqala, ethatha isilinganiso samasonto amabili. Sonke lesi sikhathi, izigwaca kufanele zihlale esidlekeni, cishe zingasishiyi. Okhethiweyo wakhe akahlanganyeli ekuchamuseleni, ukuze zonke izinkathazo ngenzalo ziwele enkingeni yowesifazane.
Amachwane azalwa embozwe ukubomvu okubomvu okunemivimbo emnyama ekhanda, emuva, ezinhlangothini nasemaphikweni, okwenza kufane ngombala ne-chipmunks... Bazimele impela futhi bangashiya isidleke lapho nje sebome. Izigwaca zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuze kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga nengxenye zizimele, izinyoni esezikhulile ngokugcwele. Kodwa kuze kube kwenzeka lokhu, insikazi iyazinakekela futhi, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, iyazifihla ngaphansi kwamaphiko ayo.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zezigwaca zasendle ziyizimpungushe, ama-ermine, ama-ferrets ngisho nama-hamsters. Zihlasela imvuthuluka yamaqanda futhi zibulale izilwane ezisencane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, uma zibanjiwe, zingabhubhisa izinyoni ezindala. Izinyoni ezizingelayo njenge-sparrowhawk nama-falcons amancane nazo ziyingozi kwizagwaca.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinye izilwane ezidla izinyoni, njengondlunkulu noheshe, zilandela imihlambi yazo lapho zihamba ngezigwaca, ngaleyo ndlela zizondle ngokudla isikhathi eside.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani eliqondile lezigwaca zanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo alinakubalwa, ngoba inani lalezi zinyoni likhulu, futhi indawo yazo yokuhlala ibanzi kakhulu futhi ihlanganisa ngaphezu kwengxenye yomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zezigwaca, njengezigwaca ezivamile, zaseJapane ngisho nothingo lwenkosazana, zizalelwa ekuthunjweni, okuqhubeka nokwandisa inani lazo elivele selibalulekile.
Kuyathakazelisa!Akumangazi-ke ukuthi, ngaphandle kwezigwaca zaseJapan, ezithole Isimo Sokulondolozwa Kwezemvelo "Vala Ukuba Sengozini", zonke izigwaca ezinkulu zibhekwa njengezinhlobo ze- "Least Concern"
Izigwaca kuphela lapho uzithi nhla zingabonakala zingaqondakali futhi zingathandeki neze. Ngenxa yekhono labo elimangalisayo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokuphila, lezi zinyoni sezizinze ngaphezu kwengxenye yomhlaba wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi-ikusasa labo bakholelwa ukuthi izagwaca ezizoba ngomunye wezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezizokwazi ukusinda kokubili i-Ice Age kanye nokuhlangana kabusha okusha kwamazwekazi. Futhi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eyikhulu noma eyikhulu namakhulu amabili eminyaka, izigwaca ze-qua zisazozwakala phezu koMhlaba okushintshe ukubukeka kwawo.
