IMeerkats (lat. Suricata suricatta). Ngaphandle, ayafana ncamashi nama-gopher, yize empeleni engahlangene nakancane namagundane. Izihlobo eziseduze zama-meerkats ama-mongooses, kanti lawo akude angama-marten.
Incazelo yama-meerkats
IMeerkats ingomunye wabamele abancane kunabo bonke i-mongoose... Lezi zilwane ezigobayo zihlala emakoloni, inani lazo elingavami ukudlula abantu abangama-30. Banokuxhumana okuthuthuke kakhulu - ngokusho kwemicabango yososayensi, "olimini lwama-meerkats" kunezinhlanganisela zemisindo ezi-10 okungenani ezihlukene.
Ukubukeka
Ubude bomzimba we-meerkat buphakathi kuka-25-35 cm, nobude bomsila busuka kuma-cm ayi-17 kuye kwangama-25. Umzimba ohlangene ovulekile ukuvumela ukuba uhambe emigodini emincane futhi ucashe emahlathini otshani obomile. Umbala woboya bama-meerkats buxhomeke endaweni abahlala kuyo. Ukuhlukahluka kombala kusuka kokumnyama onsundu kuya kokukhanyayo okukhanyayo, i-fawn, noma obomvu ngokugqamile.
I-meerkat yezindawo zokuhlala eziseningizimu eningi kakhulu inombala wejazi omnyama kakhulu, futhi izakhamizi zaseKalahari ziyi-fawn noma zibomvu kancane. Abahlali bezindunduma (i-Angola, iNambia) babomvu ngokugqamile. Umbala wejazi awufani. Izinwele ekhanda zilula ukwedlula zonke ezinye izitho zomzimba, ngaphandle kwamabala amnyama azungeze amehlo. Ngemuva kunemigqa evundlile emnyama nsundu noma emnyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! Akukho jazi eliqatha esiswini, kuphela ibhantshi elithambile.
Uboya bezimila zemisila emincane abunikezi ukufudumeza okuhle kokushisa, ngakho-ke izilwane zilala zicindezelwe zodwa ukuze zingabi yiqhwa. Ekuseni bagcwala ilanga ngemuva kobusuku obubandayo, obusehlane. Umsila omude, omncane uzothile. Uboya obusemsileni bufushane, buhlanganiswe kahle. Umsila uqobo uyaqhubeka ngombala nejazi eliyinhloko lesilwane, futhi ichopho kuphela elinombala ngombala omnyama, ohambelana nombala wemivimbo engemuva.
Umsila we-meerkat usetshenziswa njenge-balancer lapho umile ngemilenze yawo yangemuva, kanye nalapho usabisa abaphikisi futhi uphindisela ukuhlaselwa yizinyoka... Ama-Meerkats anomlomo ocijile, ohlangene onekhala elinsundu elinsundu. Izilwane zinomuzwa obucayi kakhulu wephunga, uzivumela ukuthi zinuke isisulu esifihlwe esihlabathini noma emahlathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzwa yokuhogela ikuvumela ukuthi usheshe uhogele iphunga lezihambi endaweni yakho futhi uvimbele ukungena. Futhi, ngephunga, ama-meerkats abona awabo, anquma ukugula komunye nomunye, indlela yokubeletha, ukuxhumana nabantu ongabazi.
Izindlebe zemiyrkats zitholakala ekhanda futhi zifana nocezwana lwesimo. Zibekwa phansi ngokwanele futhi zipendwe zaba mnyama. Lesi sikhundla sezindlebe sivumela izilwane ukuba zizwe kangcono ukusondela kwezimpungushe noma ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngesikhathi sokumba kwesilwane, izindlebe zaso zivaliwe kusukela ekungeneni komhlaba okungenzeka kuzo.
Ama-Meerkats anamehlo amakhulu kakhulu, abheke phambili angahlukaniswa ngokushesha namagundane. Izinwele ezimnyama ezizungeze amehlo zidlala izindima ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye - zivikela amehlo elangeni elishisayo futhi ngasikhathi sinye ngokubukeka zandisa usayizi wazo. Ngenxa yale mibuthano, ukubuka kwama-meerkats kuyethusa kakhulu, futhi namehlo uqobo abukeka emakhulu, nokwethusa abanye babaphikisi.
Izilwane zondla kakhulu ezinambuzaneni kanye nama-vertebrate amancane, ngakho-ke zinezinsimbi ezigobile kancane nezinsalela ezibukhali. Isisetshenziswa esinjalo samazinyo sikuvumela ukuba ubhekane namagobolondo ofezela, ikhava e-chitinous yama-millipedes namabhungane, ugaye amathambo ezilwane futhi ulume ngamaqanda ezinyoni ezincane ezidla phansi.
Ama-Meerkats ahamba ngemilenze emine nomsila wawo uphakamise phezulu. Bayakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha okukhulu emabangeni amafushane - emijahweni enjalo, ijubane labo lingafinyelela ku-30 km / h. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ucashe ngokushesha emgodini lapho kuvela usongo. Ukuma okudumile ngemilenze yangemuva kuyadingeka ukuze uzivikele wena nezihlobo zakho engozini. Kulesi sikhundla, abalindi babheka labo abangaba yizisulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izilwane zinamehlo abukhali kakhulu, ngasikhathi sinye aqondiswa kude, hhayi kude. Zidinga kakhulu ukubona ukuze zithole ubungozi nezitha, futhi lapho zizingela zithembele kunzwa yazo yokuhogela.
Inqina ngalinye lihlonywe ngozipho abane abade abangahlehli kumaphakethe wezidladla. Izinzipho ezinyaweni zangaphambili zinde kunezizingemuva, futhi zigobile kakhulu. Lesi simo sikuvumela ukuba umbe ngokushesha izimbobo zezindlu noma umbe izinambuzane ezigqekeza emhlabathini. Izinzipho akuvamile ukuthi zisetshenziswe ekulweni nesitha. I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa kuphela ngosayizi - abesifazane bakhulu kancane kunabesilisa
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ama-myrkats anemisila emincane ahlala emakoloni, avame ukuba nezilwane eziyi-15 kuye kwezingu-30. Ngaphansi kokuvamile, amaqembu makhulu - angafika kubantu abangama-60. Zonke izilwane zixhumene nobudlelwano begazi, abafokazi abavamile ukwamukelwa kuleli koloni. I-matriarch yesifazane esekhulile ilawula iphakethe. Ulandelwa ebukhosini ngabesifazane abasebasha, imvamisa odadewabo, obabekazi, abashana kanye namadodakazi ka-matriarch. Ngokulandelayo kuza amaduna amadala. Izinga eliphansi kakhulu lihlala izilwane ezincane namazinyane. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bahlala endaweni ekhethekile emhlambini, okuchazwa ngesidingo sokugcina ukuzala okuphezulu.
Izibopho zelungu ngalinye lomndeni zichazwe ngokusobala koloni. Abamele abasebasha - abesilisa nabesifazane abasebasha - bavame ukubandakanyeka ekwakheni imingxunya ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezilwane ezindala ezinolwazi. Isizukulwane esidala siqapha imigodi (okuyizilwane ezibizwa ngegama elithi "onogada baseGwadule") futhi zizingela inyamazane. Njalo emahoreni ama-3-4 abalindi bayashintsha - abondlekile bayaqapha, bese abalindi beyozingela. Ama-Mirkats akhombisa ukukhathazeka hhayi kuphela maqondana namazinyane awo, kodwa futhi nasenzalweni yezinye izinsikazi; cishe wonke umhlambi wondla izingane esezikhulile. Ama-meerkats asakhula abheka abasha njengoba abesifazane beshiya ukuyokondla. Ebusuku nasendaweni ebandayo, izilwane ziyahlangana futhi zifudumezane ngemfudumalo yazo.
Ama-Meerkats angukushona kuphela... Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuka, bakhasa baphume emigodini yabo ukuze bafudumale ngemuva kobusuku obubandayo. Bese kuthi abanye babo "babukele", kanti abanye bayahamba bayozingela, ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kube nokushintsha konogada. Ekushiseni, bacasha ngaphansi komhlaba, banwebe futhi bajulise imingxuma, babuyise izindima eziwile noma bagqibe imigudu emidala nengadingekile.
Kudingeka imigodi emisha uma kwenzeka endala idilizwa ezinye izilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisele emidala kwesinye isikhathi ihlaselwa ngamamrkathi lapho izimuncagazi eziningi zinqwabelana kuyo. Kusihlwa, lapho ukushisa kudamba, izilwane ziyaphinda zizingele, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho kushona ilanga zicasha ngemigodi.
IMeerkats ngokushesha icekela phansi indawo abahlala kuyo futhi baphoqeleka ukuthi bazulazule njalo ezindaweni ngezindawo. Lokhu kuvame ukudala izingxabano zemindeni enobudlova endaweni yokondla, lapho kufa khona eyodwa kweziyisihlanu. Imigodi ivikelwe ngokunamandla ikakhulukazi ngabesifazane, ngoba lapho umndeni ufile, izitha zizobulala wonke amawundlu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho kunokudla okwanele, izingxabano phakathi kwemindeni azivamile. Ukungqubuzana kuqala lapho ukudla kuncipha, lapho imindeni emibili emikhulu engomakhelwane ihlangabezana nokushoda kokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuqubuka izingxabano phakathi kwezinsikazi phakathi kwalabo besifazane abaqavile nalabo besifazane ababa nesibindi sokukhulelwa. I-matriarch ikubheke ngokuqinile lokhu. Ezingxabanweni ezinjalo, umholi wesifazane angabulala lowo onecala, futhi uma ekwazile ukubeletha, kuzobalwa amawundlu akhe. Abaholi bawela ngokuqinile imizamo yabesifazane abangaphansi kokuzala. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokuvikela ukuminyana kwabantu ukuthi ezinye izinsikazi ezizelwe zona zibulale izingane zazo noma zibashiye emigodini emidala ngesikhathi sokufuduka.
Enye insikazi, efuna ukuthatha amandla futhi isindise impilo yamazinyane ayo, nayo ingangena ematholeni omholi. Owesifazane onjalo uyakwazi ukubulala wonke amanye amawundlu - kontanga yakhe nangaphezulu kwakhe. Uma umatriarch engakwazi ukugcina ubuholi, uthathelwa isikhundla ngomunye, omncane, onamandla futhi ovundile.
Mangaki ama-meerkats ahlala
Endle, ubude bempilo yemeerkats kuyaqabukela budlula iminyaka eyi-6-8. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe siyiminyaka engu-4-5. Izilwane zinezitha eziningi zemvelo, okuchaza ukuzala kwazo okuphezulu. Ekuthunjweni - ema-zoo, ngokugcinwa kwekhaya - ama-meerkats angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10-12. Ukufa kwe-vivo kuphakeme kakhulu - ama-80% kumidlwane futhi cishe ngama-30% kubantu abadala. Isizathu silele ekubulaweni kwezinsana okuvamile kweminye imantombazane ngabesifazane besifazane.
Indawo yokuhlala
IHabitat - eningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika: Namibia, South Africa, Botswana, Angola, Lesotho. Ngokuyinhloko ama-meerkats ajwayelekile oGwadule lwaseKalahari naseNamib. Bahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile kakhulu, ezingwadule, cishe ezingenazo izihlahla nezihlahlana. Zikhetha amathafa avulekile, amathafa, izindawo ezinomhlabathi oqinile. Le ndawo ikulungele kakhulu ukuthungela nokudla.
Ukudla kwe-Meerkat
Ezingxenyeni zezimila zemisila emincane, alikho inani elikhulu kakhulu labanye abamele izilwane, abangazuza kuzo. Badla mabhungane ahlukahlukene, izintuthwane, izibungu zabo, ama-millipedes. Okungajwayelekile bazingela ofezela nezicabucabu. Imelana nobuthi bukafezela nezimfihlo eziningi ezinuka kamnandi ezivela ezinambuzaneni nakuma-centipedes. Bangaphinde badle ama-vertebrate amancane - izibankwa, izinyoka, izinyoni ezincane. Kwesinye isikhathi zibhubhisa izidleke zalezozinyoni ezidla phansi kanye nasotshanini.
Kukholakala ngephutha ukuthi ama-meerkats awavikelekile kubuthi benyoka. Uma inyoka enobuthi iluma iMirkat, izokufa, kepha lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka. Ama-Meerkats yizilwane ezinekhono kakhulu, futhi akhombisa ubuhlakani obumangalisayo lapho elwa nenyoka. Kunzima kakhulu ukuluma ummbila ngenxa yokuhamba kwawo okuphezulu, futhi ezimweni eziningi izinyoka ziyalahleka futhi nazo ziyadliwa. Izingxenye ezimuncu zezitshalo - amaqabunga, iziqu, ama-rhizomes nama-bulbs - nazo zingadliwa.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ama-myrcats anomsila omncane afinyelela ebusheni ngasekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Owesifazane osekhulile onempilo angaletha udoti ongafika ku-4 ngonyaka, ngakunye okungaqukatha imidlwane efinyelela kwayisikhombisa. Ama-Meerkats azala phakathi kukaSepthemba noMashi.
Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-77 ngokwesilinganiso. Imidlwane izalwa iyimpumputhe futhi ingenakuzisiza. Isisindo se-meerkat esanda kuzalwa cishe singama-gramu angama-30.
Ngamasonto amabili ubudala, izinyamazane zivula amehlo bese ziqala ukufunda impilo yabantu abadala. Izinambuzane ezincane ziqala ukuvela ekudleni kwazo ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Okokuqala, amawundlu ondliwa ngumama namanye amalungu epakethe, bese beqala ukuzingela bodwa. Ukukhuliswa kwesizukulwane esisha kwehlela emahlombe abafowabo nodadewabo abadala. Babheka ama-meerkats amancane, bahlele imidlalo futhi baqaphe izingozi ezivela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kuphela i-matriarch yesifazane engaletha inzalo. Kwesinye isikhathi ezinye izinsikazi ziyakhulelwa, okubandakanya ukungqubuzana phakathi kwemindeni.
Izibuko zabantu abadala zifundisa izilwane ezincane, futhi lokhu akwenzeki ngendlela yokwenziwa. Imidlwane esekhulile ihambisana nabantu abadala lapho izingela... Okokuqala, bondliwa ngesilwane esivele sibulewe, bese behliswa, kepha basaphila. Ngakho-ke, izingane zifunda ukubamba nokubhekana nesisulu, sikujwayele ukudla okusha. Lapho-ke abantu abadala babukela kuphela intsha izingela, isiza ezimweni ezingavamile ukubhekana nesisulu esikhudlwana noma esixakile, ingane engenakukwazi ukubhekana naso yodwa. Kuphela ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinyane selivele selikwazi ukuzimela, livunyelwe ukuzingela lodwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, ama-meerkats asekhulile azama "ukujwayeza" amajuba nazo zonke izidalwa ezingaba khona - izinyoka, izibankwa, izicabucabu, ama-centipedes. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-meerkat yabantu abadala ezimele ingazi ukuthi ingabhekana kanjani nalokhu noma leso sitha esidliwayo. Ama-meerkats akhule angawushiya umndeni futhi azame ukuthola owawo umndeni. Kulokhu, ngemuva kokushiya, bamenyezelwa njengohlobo lwe-vendetta emndenini wabo - babonwa njengabantu abangabazi futhi, lapho bezama ukubuya, bazoxoshwa ngokungenasihawu endaweni.
Izitha zemvelo
Usayizi omncane we-meerkat ubenza babe yisibiliboco esimnandi sezilwane ezidlayo, izinyoni nezinyoka ezinkulu. Izitha eziyinhloko zaziyizinyoni ezinkulu futhi zihlala ziyizinyoni ezinkulu - izinkozi, ezikwazi ukuhudula ngisho ne-meerkat enkulu yabantu abadala. Kunezimo lapho abesifazane bavikela inzalo yabo ezinyonini ngokuzidela bona.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukufa kwezilwane kuphezulu ngenxa yezimpi ezivamile zemindeni - empeleni, ama-meerkats ayizitha zemvelo zawo.
Izimpungushe zingahlasela ama-meerkats ekuseni nakusihlwa. Izinyoka ezinkulu, njenge-king cobra, kwesinye isikhathi zingena emigodini yazo, ezothokozela ukuzidlisa imidlwane nezimpumputhe ezingaboni, kanye nabantu abakhulu abangabhekana nazo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ama-Meerkats ayizinhlobo ezichumayo ezinobungozi obuncane bokuqothulwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuthuthuka kwezolimo eNingizimu Afrika naseNamibia, indawo yabo iyancipha ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwezindawo zabo zokuhlala. Ukungenelela okuqhubekayo komuntu emvelweni kuzokwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. Izilwane kulula kakhulu ukuzithambisa futhi zibe yizindaba zokuhwebelana emazweni ase-Afrika. Ukususa izilwane endle nakho kuthinta inani lazo labantu, yize kungaphansi kokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zazo zokuhlala.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Amaloli amafutha
- IMadagascar aye
- I-Paca (lat. Cuniculus paca)
- Inkawu marmoset
Kubantu, ama-meerkats awananani elikhethekile lezomnotho - awadliwa futhi awasebenzisi boya. Izilwane zinenzuzo ngoba zibulala ofezela abanobuthi, izicabucabu nezinyoka ezingalimaza abantu. Ezinye izizwe zase-Afrika zikholelwa ukuthi abakwaMirkat bavikela izindawo abahlala kuzo nemfuyo yabo kuzimpungushe, ngakho-ke bafuya imidlwane kalula.
