Izinhlanzi zaseMarlin zingabameleli bezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezakhiwe ngeRay zomndeni wakwaMarlin (Istiorkhoridae). Kuyindawo edumile yokudoba ezemidlalo futhi, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okunamafutha amaningi, isibe yinhlanzi ekhangayo emakethe yezentengiselwano.
Incazelo yemarlin
Ngokokuqala ngqa, lolu hlobo lwachazwa emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule ngu-French ichthyologist uBernard Laseped esebenzisa umdwebo, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inhlanzi yase-marlin yanikezwa izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene namagama ejwayelekile. Njengamanje, igama likaMakair nigriсans kuphela elisebenza... Igama elijwayelekile livela egameni lesiGreki elithi μαχαίρα, elisho ukuthi "Inkemba emfushane".
Ukubukeka
Okudume kakhulu yiBlue Marlin, noma i-Atlantic Blue Marlin (Macairа nigriсans). Usayizi omkhulu wabesifazane abadala uyabonwa, ongaba cishe kasayizi wobukhulu bomzimba wabesilisa. Owesilisa ovuthiwe ngokocansi kuyaqabukela efinyelela isisindo esingu-140-160 kg, kanti owesifazane uvame ukuba nesisindo esingama-500-510 kg noma ngaphezulu ngobude bomzimba obungu-cm 500. Ibanga elisuka endaweni yamehlo kuya esicongweni somkhonto cishe lalingamaphesenti angamashumi amabili wobude bufishi ngokuphelele. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanzi enesisindo somzimba esingu-636 kg yayinesisindo esirekhodiwe ngokusemthethweni.
Kuyathakazelisa!I-marlin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inezimpiko ezimbili zasemuva kanye namaphiko ama-anal asekela imisebe yamathambo. Umgogodla wokuqala we-dorsal ubonakala ngokuba khona kwemisebe engu-39-43, kanti owesibili ubonakala ngokuba khona kwezigcini eziyisithupha kuphela noma eziyisikhombisa kuphela.
Isiphetho sokuqala esine-anal, esime ngokulingana nosayizi kufinal yesibili ye-dorsal fin, sinemisebe eyi-13-16. Amaphiko ezinqeni amancane futhi amade kakhulu akwazi ukuhlehlisa ngaphakathi kokucindezeleka okukhethekile, okutholakala engxenyeni ye-lateral. Amaphiko okhalweni amade kunama-pectorals, kepha awokugcina ahlukaniswa ulwelwesi olungathuthukile kakhulu kanye nokudangala ngaphakathi kwe-ventral groove.
Umzimba ophezulu we-Atlantic Blue Marlin unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi izinhlangothi zenhlanzi enjalo zihlukaniswa ngombala osiliva. Emzimbeni kunemigqa cishe eyishumi nanhlanu yemivimbo yombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani onamachashazi ayindilinga noma imivimbo emincane. Ulwelwesi olusekugcineni komgogodla luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama noma ocishe ube mnyama ngaphandle kokumakwa noma amachashazi. Amanye amaphiko ngokuvamile anombala onsundu ngokugqamile ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama. Kukhona amathoni we-silvery ezansi kwempiko yesibili neyokuqala ye-anal.
Umzimba wezinhlanzi umbozwe izikali ezondile nezinde. Umkhonto uqinile futhi mude ngokwedlulele, kanti imihlathi namathambo e-palatine abamele isigaba sezinhlanzi ezenzelwe iRay kukhonjiswa ngokuba khona kwamazinyo amancane, afana nefayela.
Kuyathakazelisa! AmaMarlins akwazi ukushintsha umbala wawo ngokushesha futhi athole umbala ogqamile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Ukushintsha kombala okunjalo kungenxa yokuba khona kwama-iridophores, aqukethe izingulube, kanye namaseli akhethekile abonisa ukukhanya.
Umugqa oseceleni wenhlanzi uqukethe ama-neuromasts, atholakala emseleni. Ngisho nokunyakaza okubuthakathaka emanzini kanye nazo zonke izinguquko ezibonakalayo kwingcindezi kubanjwa yilawa maseli. Ukuvulwa kwe-anal kutholakala ngqo ngemuva kwesiphetho sokuqala se-anal. I-marlin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye namanye amalungu omndeni we-marlin, anama-vertebrae angamashumi amabili nane.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zemarlin zikhetha ukuhlala kude nolwandle, zisebenzisa izingqimba zamanzi ukunyakaza kwazo... Ngenkathi yokuhamba, izinhlanzi zalo mndeni ziyakwazi ukukhulisa isivinini esikhulu futhi ziphume ngenkani emanzini ziye ekuphakameni kwamamitha ambalwa. Isibonelo, izikebhe zikwazi ukusheshisa kalula futhi ngokushesha zisheshise ngesivinini samakhilomitha ayi-100-110 ngehora, ngenxa yokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinhlanzi ezisheshayo emhlabeni.
Izinhlanzi ezidla kakhulu zihola kakhulu indlela yokuphila yama-hermitic, zibhukuda cishe ngama-60-70 km emini. Abamele umndeni babonakala ngokufuduka kwesizini okuhlanganisa amabanga angafika kumamayela ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezifundo eziningi kanye nokubukwa, indlela ama-marlins ahamba ngayo kukholamu lamanzi ifana kakhulu nesitayela sokubhukuda sikashaka ojwayelekile.
Mangaki ama-marlins ahlala
Abesilisa be-blue marlin bangaphila cishe iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili, futhi abesifazane balo mndeni bangaphila kuze kube ikota yekhulu leminyaka noma ngaphezulu. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphakathi kwezikebhe zesikebhe asidluli eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu.
Izinhlobo zemarlin
Zonke izinhlobo zemarlin zinokuma komzimba okulingene, kanye nesimpumulo esimise okomkhonto nesiphetho esinde, esiqinile sangemuva:
- Izikebhe zasolwandle ze-Indo-pacific (Istiorhorus platyrterus) kusukela kuhlobo lweSailboats (Istiorkhorus). Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa isikebhe sesikebhe yisiphetho sangemuva sokuqala esisezingeni eliphakeme neside, esikhumbuza useyili, oqala ngemuva kwekhanda futhi ucishe uqhamuke nayo yonke inhlanzi emuva. Ingemuva limnyama ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti izinhlangothi zinsundu ngokugqamile okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Indawo yesisu imhlophe okwesiliva. Ezinhlangothini kunesibalo esikhulu sezindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka hhayi ezinkulu kakhulu. Ubude bonyaka owodwa ngamamitha ambalwa, kanti inhlanzi endala ingamamitha amathathu ubude ngamakhilogremu ayikhulu;
- Umnyama omnyama (Istiomax indisovela ohlotsheni Istiomax kungokwalabo esigabeni izinhlanzi kwezohwebo, kodwa ivolumu ukudotshwa emhlabeni - hhayi ngaphezu kwamathani ayizinkulungwane eziningana. Into edumile yokudoba ezemidlalo inomzimba ovulekile, kodwa hhayi ominyene ngokweqile, ombozwe ngezikali ezinde futhi ezijiyile. Amaphiko emhlane ahlukaniswa ngegebe elincane, kanti umphetho we-caudal umise okwenyanga. Ingemuva iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama, kanti izinhlangothi nesisu kusamhlophe qwa. Abantu abadala abanayo imigqa noma amabala emizimbeni yabo. Ubude bezinhlanzi ezindala bungu-460-465 cm ngesisindo somzimba esifinyelela ku-740-750 kg;
- I-atlantic yaseNtshonalanga noma umkhonto omncane (UTetrarturus pfluеgen) kusuka kuhlobo lwe-Spearmen (Tetrarturus). Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zihlukaniswa ngumzimba onamandla, ohlangene, obhebhethwe ngokuqinile kusuka ezinhlangothini, futhi unomphetho omude futhi omncane, omise umkhonto, oyindilinga esigabeni esiphambanweni. Amaphiko ezinyawo zesisu athambile impela, alingana noma made kancane kunamaphiko e-pectoral, ahlehliselwe emgodini ojulile esiswini. Ingemuva kwayo inombala omnyama onombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti izinhlangothi zimhlophe-nsimbi futhi zinamabala ansundu ashubile. Ubude obukhulu bomuntu omdala bungu-250-254 cm, futhi isisindo somzimba singeqi ku-56-58 kg.
Ngokuya ngokwezigaba, kunezinhlobo ezaziwayo ezimelwe ngumkhonto onentambo emfishane, noma i-marlin enentamo emifushane, noma umkhonto omfishane (Tetrarturus angustirostris), ophethe umkhonto waseMedithera, noma iMedlin marlin (iTetrarturus bélonе), iSouth European gullet North, noma iCopenurus
I-Atlantic white spearman, noma i-Atlantic white marlin (Kajikia albidus), i-striped spearman, noma i-marlin emthende (Kajikia audax), kanye ne-Indo-Pacific blue marlin (Makaira mazara), i-Atlantic blue marlin, noma i-blue marlin (Ama-albino ase-Istiorkhorus).
Indawo yokuhlala
Umndeni wasemarlin umelwe yizinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko nezinhlobo eziyishumi ezihlukile, ezihlukile endaweni yazo yokusabalalisa kanye nasezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Isibonelo, i-Sailfish fish (Istiorkhorus platyrterus) itholakala kaningi emanzini oLwandle Olubomvu, iMedithera kanye nolwandle Olumnyama. Ngamanzi eSuez Canal, izikebhe ezindala ezingena olwandle iMedithera, lapho zibhukuda kalula zingene oLwandle Olumnyama.
I-marlin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka itholakala emanzini asezingeni elishisayo nasolwandle olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean, futhi itholakala kakhulu engxenyeni esentshonalanga. Uhla lweBlack Marlin (Makaira indis) lumelwa kakhulu ngamanzi asogwini oLwandlekazi iPacific kanye nolwandle lwaseNdiya, ikakhulukazi amanzi aseMpumalanga China naseCoral Seas.
I-Spearmen, okuyizinhlanzi zasolwandle ze-pelagic oceanodromous, zivame ukutholakala zodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziyakwazi ukwakha amaqembu amancane ezinhlanzi ezilinganayo. Lezi zinhlobo zihlala emanzini avulekile, zikhetha ukujula okungamamitha angamakhulu amabili, kepha ngaphezu kwendawo yesigaxa esishisayo.... Okuncamelayo kunikezwa ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa amanzi angama-26 ° C.
Ukudla kukaMarlin
Wonke ama-marlin ayizakhamuzi zasolwandle ezidla ezinye. Isibonelo, ama-marlins amnyama adla kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-pelagic, futhi azingela ama-squid nama-crustaceans. Emanzini aseMalaysia, isisekelo sokudla kwalolu hlobo simelelwa ngama-anchovies, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-horse mackerel, izinhlanzi ezindizayo kanye ne-squid.
Izikebhe ezisolwandle zidla izinhlanzi ezincane ezitholakala ezingxenyeni zamanzi aphezulu, kufaka phakathi ama-sardine, ama-anchovies, ama-mackerel nama-mackerel. Futhi, ukudla kwalolu hlobo kufaka ama-crustaceans nama-cephalopods. Isigaba sesibungu se-Atlantic blue marlin, noma i-marlin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, sondla nge-zooplankton, kufaka phakathi amaqanda e-plankton nezibungu zezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Abantu abadala bazingela izinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi i-mackerel, kanye ne-squid. Eduze kwamakhorali neziqhingi zasolwandle, i-marlin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka izondla ngezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene ezisogwini.
Imikhonto emincane noma eNtshonalanga ye-Atlantic idla ama-squid nezinhlanzi ezingxenyeni zamanzi aphezulu, kepha ukwakheka kokudla kwalolu hlobo kuhluke kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yoLwandle lweCaribbean, imikhonto engaphansi idla i-Ommastrephidae, i-herring ne-tarsier yaseMedithera. E-Atlantic esentshonalanga, izinto eziyinhloko zokudla yi-Atlantic seabream, i-snake mackerel, nama-cephalopods, kufaka phakathi i-Ornithoteuthis antillarum, iHyaloteuthis pisa, neTremostorus violaceus.
Abakwa-Spearmen abahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nezindawo ezishisayo zase-Atlantic Ocean bathanda izinhlanzi nama-cephalopods. Kokuqukethwe esiswini kwalawo ma-marlins, kwatholakala izinhlanzi ezingaphansi kwemindeni eyishumi nambili, kubandakanya i-gempilidae (Gempylidae), izinhlanzi ezindizayo (i-Exocetidae), ne-mackerel fish (i-Scombridae, kanye ne-sea bream (i-Bramidae).
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho naseningizimu, imikhonto emincane ivuthwa futhi iqala ukuzala ngezinsuku ezifanayo zekhalenda, okukhombisa ngokusobala ukuhlangana kwabantu bonke bale nhlobo. Abesifazane bemikhonto emincane bazalela kanye kuphela ngonyaka.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- IBeluga
- I-Sturgeon
- I-Tuna
- Moray
Ama-marlin amnyama avela emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-27-28 ° C, futhi isikhathi sokuzala singahluka ngokuya ngezici zesifunda. Isibonelo, emanzini oLwandle lwaseNingizimu China, izinhlanzi ziqala ukuzala ngoMeyi nangoJuni, nasendaweni esogwini lwaseTaiwan, lolu hlobo luzala kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba. Esifundeni esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yoLwandle iCoral, inkathi yokuzala ingu-Okthoba-Disemba, nasogwini lwaseQueensland, ngo-Agasti-Novemba. Ukuzalela kuhlukaniswe, ngokuzala komuntu oyedwa kuze kufike emaqanda ayizigidi ezingamashumi amane.
Izikebhe ezisolwandle zivela ngo-Agasti kuya maphakathi no-Septhemba, emanzini afudumele asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni eseduze nenkabazwe. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngamaqanda aphakathi nendawo futhi angenamathele, ama-pelagic, kepha amadala awazinakekeli izingane zawo. Zonke izikebhe zasemanzini nezinhlobo ezihlobene zomndeni, ezihola impilo efanayo, zibonakala ngokuzala okuphezulu, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esisodwa sokuzala, owesifazane ubeka izingxenye eziningana cishe amaqanda ayizigidi ezinhlanu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isigaba se-marval marlins sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi isilinganiso esimaphakathi sezinqubo zokukhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu zangaphandle cishe ngamamilimitha ayishumi nanhlanu ngosuku.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye ebalulekile yenzalo ivame ukubhubha emazingeni okuqala okukhula kwayo. Amaqanda amakiwe, isigaba sesibungu kanye nefry asetshenziswa njengokudla yizilwane eziningi ezidla emanzini.
Izitha zemvelo
Kuma-marlins aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ama-marlins aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oshaka abamhlophe kuphela (i-Carcharodon carcharias) nama-mako shark (Isurus ohyrhinchhus) ayingozi kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo zeminyaka eminingi yocwaningo, kungenzeka ukuthi i-marlin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlushwa izinhlobo ezingaphansi kweshumi nantathu zama-parasites, ezingamelwa ngama-monogenes, ama-cestode nama-nematode, ama-copepods, ama-aspidogastras nama-side-scrapers, kanye ne-trematode ne-barnacles. Emzimbeni wezilwane ezinkulu kangaka zasemanzini kuvame ukubonwa ukutholakala kwezinhlanzi ezinamathelayo, ezisebenza kakhulu ekuxazululeni izembozo zegill.
Ama-marlins aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nawo angazingela izinhlanzi ezinkulu njengolwandle olumhlophe i-Atlantic. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, umonakalo omkhulu kunawo wonke kubantu base-marlin ubangelwa abantu kuphela. Izikebhe zokuhamba ngomkhumbi zithandwa kakhulu ekudobeni kakhulu. Indlela eyinhloko yokudoba ukudoba okude, lapho le nhlanzi ebiza kakhulu ibanjwa kanye ne-tuna ne-swordfish.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngasogwini lwaseCuba naseFlorida, eCalifornia naseTahiti, eHawaii nasePeru, kanye nase-Australia naseNew Zealand, abadobi bavame ukubamba izikebhe ezinamasondo aziphothayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ukudoba izinhlobo eziningi zemarlin okwamanje kwenziwa ikakhulukazi emanzini oLwandlekazi i-Indian. Ukudotshwa komhlaba kukhulu kakhulu, futhi amazwe aphambili angabadobi abasebenza ngokuhweba yiJapan ne-Indonesia. Kusetshenziselwa ukudoba, amathuluzi akade kanye namathuluzi akhethekile okudoba. IMarlin ilitshe lokuzingela elihlonishwa kakhulu futhi lithandwa ngendlela emangalisayo ngabadobi bezemidlalo.
Kuze kube manje, ingxenye enkulu yemikhumbi ebanjwe ngabadobi ikhishwa ngokushesha endle. Inyama yasolwandle emnandi, efakwe kwimenyu yezindawo zokudlela ezibiza kakhulu nezihloniphekile, inikele ekubambeni nasekunciphiseni inani labantu, ngakho-ke isilwane sasemanzini safakwa eRed Book njengezilwane ezisengozini.
