I-lark iyinyoni edlula kancane usayizi kondlunkulu, edume umhlaba wonke ngokuhlabelela kwayo okumangalisayo. Awukho omunye wemisindo ehlukahlukene emhlabeni okungaqhathaniswa nawo.
Incazelo yelark
I-lark iyinyoni encane uma iqhathaniswa... Isisindo somuntu omdala akuvamile ukudlula amagremu angama-70. Okuncane kunazo zonke izinhlobo zingaba nesisindo esingama-gramu angama-26. Ubude bomzimba buqala ngamasentimitha ayi-11-20, kusukela ekhanda kuye emsileni. Imilenze ibonakala imfishane ngokungafani futhi ingajulile maqondana nomzimba, kepha inamandla kakhulu. Inhloko ihlukaniswa nosayizi wayo omkhulu. Umlomo uqobekile futhi mkhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Angamapheshana ashesha kakhulu. Lesi sici sibonakaliswa ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele somzimba wabo. Ngobuncane obujwayelekile bomzimba, amaphiko ayo makhulu futhi ayashanela, futhi umsila mfushane.
Ngesikhathi sengozi esondelayo, i-lark ingandizela phansi njengetshe, izama ukuduka otshanini obukhulu. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane zamaSlavic, ama-lark yizona ezibonisa ukuvuna okusha. Ukwahlulela ngezinkolelo, lezi zinyoni ngokucula kwazo zingadala imvula ngezikhathi zesomiso esikhulu. Abantu babhake izibalo ezakheke ngale ndlela zale nyoni bazinikeza abangani nomakhelwane ukwamukela lolu phawu lwenzalo.
Ukubukeka
Ukubonakala kwe-lark kungabonakali futhi kunesizotha. Umbala wayo wokuvikela owenhlabathi ahlala kuyo. Abesifazane cishe abahlukile kwabesilisa. Abantu abasha kuphela ababukeka bemibalabala kunezihlobo zabo. Umzimba wegxolo umbozwe izimpaphe eziguquguqukayo. Isifuba sikhanya kancane uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izimpaphe, izimpaphe ezikuso zihlangene nombala omnyama. Ngokuvamile, ukubonakala kwenyoni ngayinye kuchazwa yizici ezithile. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-78 ezisabalale cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba omhlophe.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokudlula kwesithwathwa sokugcina, yilezi zinyoni ezincane ezine-trill yazo ejabulisayo, njengokungathi nangokuthokoza, yazisa ngokuza kwentwasahlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucula kwabo kuzwakala kukuhle kakhulu, kuyindiza. Bacula kakhulu kusihlwa nasekuseni. Ukuculwa kwabantu abahlukile kwehlukile ngesimo sezwi nangephimbo. Bangakopisana, ezinye izinyoni ngisho nenkulumo yomuntu, ngokuya ngemfundo ebukhali yaleli khono ngumuntu uqobo.
AmaLarks, ngokuvamile, awazona izinyoni ezihlala ebusika, ziyathutha. Njengoba isibekiwe ngaphezulu ezindaweni ezifudumele, kungabonakala esidlekeni sayo ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi, inqobo nje uma ubusika bufudumele. Ngokushesha nje lapho isimo sezulu singasabekezeleleki kulezi zinyoni, zifuduka njengemihlambi yonke ziye ezifundeni ezifudumele ukuze zibheke imithombo yokudla. Izindawo zabo eziyizintandokazi yizindawo ezihlwanyelwe okusanhlamvu ngotshani obude, ama-steppes, izindawo ezifudumele nezinkundla zezolimo. Zigwema amahlathi futhi zitholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile ezintabeni.
I-lark ingahlala unyaka wonke endaweni efanayo. Isimo esikhulu ukufudumala konyaka nensada yokudla.... Bakhulisa izindawo zabo zokuhlala ngaphansi kwe-asggy aster, amagatsha omhlonyane noma i-bluegrass.
Ngezikhathi ezithile zingatholakala kumquba wehhashi noma ngaphansi kwetshe. Isikhathi sokwakha izidleke sihluke kakhulu kwezinye izinyoni. Baqala ukusebenza, njengokungathi, sekwephuzile. AmaLark aqala ukwakha izidleke zawo lapho utshani sebuvele buphakeme futhi kunethuba lokufihla indawo yokuhlala encane kuwo.
Kuyathakazelisa!AmaLark angabazali abakhathalelayo kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi abamele insimu abavamile eYurophu. Insikazi, ihlezi ku-clutch, ngeke ivuke noma ngabe umuntu uhamba eduzane.
Ngemuva kokufakwa kwesidleke, sekuyisikhathi sokubeka amaqanda. Abesifazane bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi befukamela. Imvamisa "ukucula", kuyaqabukela bakhuphukele phezulu esibhakabhakeni. Yize izingoma zika-lark zingazwakala kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukucula kwalezi zinyoni kuzwakala kunamandla uma zindiza phezulu kakhulu, umthamo uyehla njengoba zisondela phansi.
Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, izinyoni zicula kancane kancane. Ngalesi sikhathi, bamatasa kakhulu ukukhulisa inzalo yabo, emva kwalokho amaqanda abekwa futhi futhi udoti omusha uyaqandusela.
AmaLark ahlala isikhathi esingakanani
Ekuthunjweni, i-lark ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi. Ngokwemvelo, kuncike kuzo zonke izimo ezidingekayo zokuqukethwe. Kubalulekile ukumphatha kahle, ngoba i-lark iyinyoni enamahloni. Abantu abadala bangachitha cishe amahora ayisishiyagalombili becula. Kubalulekile ukuqapha hhayi kuphela umsoco ofanele wenyoni, kodwa futhi nokuhlanzeka kwayo. Ikheji kufanele ligeze nesihlabathi somfula esihlanzekile ukuhlanza izimpaphe. Udinga ukudla okuhlukahlukene, ukutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile kuyadingeka.
Izinhlobo zeLark
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngama-78 zama-lark. Ake sikhulume ngokujwayelekile.
I-Field lark
Le yinyoni enesisindo esingama-gramu angama-40, amamitha ayi-180 ubude. Inomzimba ominyene onomlomo ocijile ekhanda. Naphezu kobunzima besakhiwo sangaphandle, le nyoni ihamba kalula emhlabathini, lapho ithola khona umthombo wokudla. Izimpaphe ezingemuva zingahlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwamachashaza aluhlaza-ophuzi. Isifuba nezinhlangothi kunsundu ngokugqwala. Kukhona izinhlayiya ezikhethekile emilenzeni ngendlela yozipho olubekiwe. Zisabalele ePalaearctic nasenyakatho ye-Afrika.
I-Finch lark
Umbala wale nyoni u-sandy-grey onama-ocher tints ku-peritoneum. Isisindo sayo singama-gram angama-30 kuphela, ukuphakama kwawo kungamamilimitha ayi-175. Bazinza endaweni eyihlane yaseNyakatho Afrika kusuka ezindaweni zase-Algeria kuye oLwandle Olubomvu uqobo. Uthanda izindawo eziwugwadule, ekhetha amathafa anamadwala nobumba ukuze ahlale ezintabeni.
Kuyathakazelisa!Lolu hlobo lungenye yezimbalwa ezingakwazi ukubekezelela ngempumelelo imisebe eshisayo yasehlane laseSahara.
Igxolo lezinkuni
I-lark yehlathi ifana nesihlobo sensimu. Umehluko kuphela ubukhulu, i-lark yehlathi ayikho ngaphezu kwamamilimitha ayi-160 ubude. Zivame ukutholakala zigijima ngokushesha emhlabathini zifuna inzuzo, noma emigodini yezihlahla. Ungahlangana nale nyoni enkabeni nasentshonalanga yeYurophu, kanye nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika. Bahlala phansi kwezihlahla ezinkulu, bezama ukucasha otshanini nasezimpandeni ezivelayo. Ngokwemvelo, i-lark yasehlathini ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-spiny, ngoba iyathanda ukucwila eziqongweni zezihlahla, icule iculo elihambisana ne- "yuli-yuli-yuli".
I-lark encane
ILittleer Lark iyinhle kakhulu futhi incipha kakhulu kohlobo. Ezinhlangothini zale nyoni, lapho uhlolisiswa, ungabona amachashazi amnyama. Ngokuvamile, umbala awukhanyi kangako. Zandile eYurophu nase-Asia.
Ugwadule lwasogwadule
Lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni zinombala ohambisana ngokuphelele nendawo yokuhlala yangaphandle. Lawa ma-lark ahlala emathafeni angenamanzi e-Afrika nase-Arabia. Futhi kutholakala eNtshonalanga India nase-Afghanistan. Le nyoni ingummeleli omkhulu wabantu. Ubude bayo bufinyelela kumamilimitha angama-230. Uneminwe emifushane kakhulu, uqhwaku olugobele phansi. Benza amatshe esihlabathini, benze ukucindezeleka kuwo, bemboze imiphetho nangaphezulu ngamagatsha amancane nezingcanga zotshani.
URazun lark
Le nyoni iyisihlobo esiseduze se-skylark. Ziyafana ngombala wezimpaphe, nemikhuba, nendlela yokuphila. Ngokungafani ne-lark yasensimini, lolu hlobo lwengwengwezi luqala ukucula kwalo - lukhuphukela phezulu ngamandla, bese luyaphela, luwe njengetshe phansi ngomugqa oqondile. I-Field lark yona yehlela phansi, ihamba ivunguza.
I-lark enezimpondo
Ezinhlangothini zomqhele wale nyoni kukhona izimpaphe ezicijile ezibukeka njengezimpondo. Lezi zici zesakhiwo zivezwa ikakhulukazi ngenkathi evuthiwe yenyoni. Zihlukile ngokungafani kombala.
Umhlane ompunga onombala opinki uthathelwa indawo yi-peritoneum emhlophe. "Imaski emnyama" ebizwa ngokuthi "itholakale ngemuva kwesizinda esiphuzi jikelele somzimba nekhanda. Kukhona nokucula, ukugoba, abamnyama nabanye abamele lolu hlobo.
Indawo yokuhlala
AmaLark ajwayelekile cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Iningi lesidleke sezinhlobo e-Eurasia noma isivakashi esivamile emazweni ase-Afrika. Ububanzi be-skylark bukhulu kakhulu; kufaka iningi laseYurophu ne-Asia, kanye nezintaba zaseNyakatho Afrika.
Ukudla kukaLark
Ukudla kwe-lark kuhluke kakhulu... Udla noma yini angayithola emhlabeni. Izibungu ezincane nezinye izibungu yizibiliboco azithandayo. Kepha, uma ingekho, i-lark ngeke idelele imbewu yanyakenye etholakala emasimini.
Kuyathakazelisa!I-lark igwinya amatshe amancane, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukugaya.
Ukolweni nama-oats kuyintandokazi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. Futhi, lezi zinyoni azikuphikisi ukuzingela. Izinambuzane ezincane zingaba yisisulu. Njengama-leaf beetle, izintuthwane, amacimbi, izinkumbi nezinye izimbungulu, okuwumusa emapulazini.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngemuva kobusika obubandayo, abesilisa bangabokuqala ukubuyela ezidlekeni zabo. Baqala ukwenza ngcono izidleke, ngemuva kwalokho izinsikazi ziyabuya. Izidleke zikaLark zihlangana nemvelo ezungezile ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze zingaqhamuki ngokumelene nesizinda esijwayelekile. Bazi okuningi ngozungu. Ngisho namaqanda abekwa esidlekeni anombala onamabala, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuwabona. Imibhangqwana eyakhiwe kamuva ihlanganyela ekubekeni amaqanda.
Isidleke esifukanyelwa insikazi siqukethe, njengomthetho, amaqanda amane kuya kwayisithupha. Ama-brood amabili azalwa ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokumitha sihlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-15, ngemuva kwalokho amachwane amancane aqandusela. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa, ziyizimpumputhe, futhi umzimba umbozwe inani eliphansi le-fluff, eligcina liphenduke izimpaphe ezinkulu.
Ngempela, ngemuva kwenyanga kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, i-lark encane ayiyona neze engaphansi komuntu omdala, futhi iqala ukuhlala futhi ifune ukudla yedwa. Bobabili abazali babambe iqhaza ekondleni izingane ezingakavuthwa. Esikhathini esiningi, okusanhlamvu okuncane kulethwa amachwane. Phakathi kwazo kukhona amabele, i-oats, ifilakisi nokolweni. Ezinganeni, zenza nesengezo sedwala, sincane kakhulu. Bagingqa izinhlamvu zesihlabathi zibe izigaxa, bazilethele izingane zabo.
Izitha zemvelo
AmaLark yizinyoni ezincane, cishe azikwazi ukuzivikela futhi anokuthile okufanele akwesabe... Ziba yizisulu kalula zamagundane nezinyoni ezidla inyama. Izitha zabo zemvelo ngama-ermine, ama-ferrets nama-weasel. Futhi amagundane asensimini, izigaxa, izinyoka, oklebe namagwababa. Futhi lokhu kuyingxenye yalabo abafisa ukuzitika ngabaculi abanezimpaphe. Ukhozi omncane wokuzilibazisa uyisitha esikhulu se-lark, ngoba uvame ukuwuhlasela endaweni ephakeme, lapho ukhangwa ngokucula okukhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngokuvamile, lezi zinyoni zizuzisa ezolimo ngokubhubhisa izinambuzane ezincane. Futhi, ukucula kwabo okuhle kungumthombo wokuthula kwengqondo, ukuphumula okuphelele nokwakha.
Ngalesi sikhathi, inyoni engakwazi ukuzivikela isengozini enkulu futhi ezimweni ezingavamile kuphela lapho kungenzeka khona ukubalekela kumzingeli ohlose kahle, iwele njengetshe phansi emhlabathini icashe otshanini obukhulu. Ngenkathi "umzingeli womoya" ebuka isibhakabhaka, izidleke ze-lark zingacekelwa phansi yizilwane ezidla phansi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Izinhlobo ezingama-50 zama-lark zifakiwe kuLuhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN, okuyizinhlobo eziyi-7 ezisengozini noma ezisengozini.
