Ama-Storks (lat. Bonke abamele lolu hlobo lohlobo, ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nokubekwa okuhleliwe kwesayensi, bangabaka-oda le-Ankle noma i-Stork, kanye nomndeni we-Stork.
Incazelo kanogolantethe
Abamele uhlobo lwe-Storks babonakala ngokuba khona kwemilenze emide futhi engenalutho embozwe ngesikhumba sohlobo lwe-mesh... Le nyoni inomlomo omude, oqondile nophansi. Izinzwani ezimfushane zangaphambili zixhunywe kolunye nolwelwesi olubanzi lokubhukuda futhi zinamazipho abomvana. Endaweni yekhanda nentamo, kunezindawo ezingenalutho ngokuphelele zesikhumba.
Ukubukeka
Izici zangaphandle zibangelwa ngokuphelele izici ezithile zonogolantethe:
- Kunogolantethe omnyama, ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba imbozwe izimpaphe ezimnyama ezinombala oluhlaza okotshani nobomvu, kanti uphaphe olumhlophe lutholakala engxenyeni engezansi. Isifuba sithweswe umqhele ngezimpaphe eziwugqinsi futhi ezibukhali, ezicishe zifane nekhola yoboya;
- Unogolantethe onamabhande amhlophe ubonakala ngombala omnyama kakhulu, kanye nezingubo ezimhlophe zangaphansi ezimhlophe namabele. Imilenze kanogolantethe yalolu hlobo ibomvu, kuthi uqhwaku lube mpunga. Isikhumba esizungeze amehlo sinombala obomvu, kepha ngokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana, sithola umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- Unogolantethe onentamo emhlophe unesigqoko esimnyama esimnyama ekhanda lakhe, futhi kusuka esifundeni sentamo (ngemuva kwekhanda) kuye endaweni yangaphakathi yesifuba kukhona izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezimhlophe. Zonke ezinye izimpaphe zimnyama kakhulu ngombala obomvu ozungeze amahlombe. Izimpaphe ezimhlophe zikhona esiswini nasengxenyeni engezansi yomsila, kanti izimpaphe ezimbozayo zibonakala ngombala oluhlaza okotshani;
- Unogolantethe onentamo yoboya waseMalay unezimpaphe ezinkulu ezimnyama nezimhlophe noqhwaku olubomvu. Isikhumba sobuso ngaphandle kwezimpaphe, okusawolintshi ngombala, nemibuthano ephuzi ezungeze amehlo. Izimpaphe zezinyoni ezindala nezisencane ezingaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa zinemibala enesizotha, ne-rustic;
- Unogolantethe waseMelika ubonakala ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe ikakhulu ezimnyama ezinomsila kanye nomsila omnyama oboshiwe. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngomlomo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mpunga onamachashazi asikhumba abomvu okusawolintshi azungeze amehlo kanye nothingo lwenkosazana olumsulwa olumsulwa;
- Onogolantethe abamhlophe banezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinamasu amnyama ezimpikweni, intamo ende, kanye nophondo olubomvu olude noluzacile, imilenze emide nebomvu. Ngenxa yombala wayo omnyama onamaphiko agoqiwe, endaweni yase-Ukraine le nyoni ithole igama elithi "Chernoguz".
Izingwevane Ezingavamile ZaseMpumalanga Zifana nonogolantethe omhlophe ngokubukeka, kodwa zinomlomo omnyama onamandla nemilenze enemibala ebomvu. Cishe emehlweni alolu hlobo kunesikhumba esibomvu, esingenazimpaphe. Amachwane anezimpaphe ezimhlophe noqhwaku olubomvu ngokusawolintshi.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Onogolantethe abamhlophe abavame kakhulu ukuhlala emadlelweni aphansi futhi bavame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, futhi bavame ukukhetha izindawo zokwakha izidleke eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Lapho zifuna ukudla, onogolantethe behamba ngokuzola nangokuzulazula bezungeza indawo, kodwa lapho bebona inyamazane yabo, bagijima ngokushesha bayibambe ngokushesha.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuxhumana ngezwi kuthathelwe indawo ngokuchofoza uqhwaku lwayo, lapho unogolantethe ephonsa khona ikhanda lakhe emuva abuye abuyisele ulimi lwakhe emuva, ngaleyo ndlela akhulise umsindo ngokukhala kahle komlomo.
Ama-storkork aseMpumalanga Ekude nawo ahlala eduze nezidumbu zamanzi nezindawo ezinomswakama, kepha umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwendlela yokuphila yalolu hlobo kanye nonogolantethe omhlophe ukukhetha izidleke zezindawo ezikude kakhulu futhi okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, kude nezindawo zokuhlala.
Mangaki onogolantethe abahlala
Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe sabamele abahlukahlukene bohlobo lweStorks buxhomeke ngqo kuzici zezinhlobo nendawo ezihlala kuyo. Onogolantethe abamhlophe bayakwazi ukuhlala ezimweni zemvelo cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili, kepha uma imithetho yokugcinwa ekuthunjweni igcinwa, le nkomba ivame ukuphakama kakhulu.
Abamele abaningi bezingwazi ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-Far East ekuthunjweni basinda ngisho nangesikhathi seminyaka eyisiqingatha. Ngokusho kokubona, isilinganiso sobude besikhathi sokuphila sonogolantethe abamnyama ekuthunjweni singaba amashumi amathathu eminyaka, kepha ezimweni zemvelo lesi sibalo asivamile ukudlula iminyaka eyishumi nesithupha.
Izinhlobo zikanogolantethe
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningana zabamele uhlobo lweStorks:
- Unogolantethe omnyama (Сiconia nigraIyinyoni enkulu ngokwanele, ehlukaniswa umbala wokuqala wezimpaphe. Ukuphakama akweqi ku-110-112 cm ngesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-3.0 kg namaphiko angu-150-155 cm;
- Unogolantethe onensimbi emhlophe (Сiconia abdimii) - inyoni encane ngokuqhathaniswa, engekho ngaphezu kuka-72-74 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esifinyelela kwikhilogremu elilodwa;
- Unogolantethe onentamo emhlophe (ISconiaonia erisсopus) - omele ngosayizi ophakathi wohlobo lweStorks, nobude bomzimba obungu-80-90 cm;
- Ama-storks anentamo yoboya baseMalay (Сiconia stormi) - uhlobo olungavamile lomndeni we-Stork onobude bomzimba ongekho ngaphezu kuka-75-91 cm;
- Unogolantethe waseMelika (Сiconia maguari) - omele iNingizimu Melika yomndeni weStork, obonakala ngobude bomzimba obungu-90 cm, obunamaphiko angekho ngaphezulu kuka-115-120 cm kanye nesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-3.4-3.5 kg;
- Onogolantethe abamhlophe (Сiconia сiconia) - izinyoni ezinkulu ezihambayo ezinokukhula okuphezulu okungenani okungu-1.0-1.25 m ngamaphiko we-15.5-2.0 m kanye nesisindo somzimba esingu-3.9-4.0 kg.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isithombe sikanogolantethe sithole ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ku-heraldry, futhi ukuba khona kwale nyoni engutsheni yezikhali kukhombisa ubuhlakani nokuqapha.
Isigaba sabameleli abangajwayelekile bohlobo alubandakanyi izingwejeza ezinkulu kakhulu zaseMpumalanga Ekude, ezaziwa nangokuthi onogolantethe abamnyama, noma onogolantethe baseChina.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zohlobo lweStorks zihlala eYurophu: iBlack Stork (C. nigra) neWhite Stork (C. alba). Lezi zinhlobo zisesigabeni sezinyoni ezifudukayo ezivela eYurophu Ephakathi kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMashi. Ensimini yaseNgilandi, abameleli bezinhlobo azitholakali nhlobo.
Onogolantethe abamhlophe bahlala e-Afrika, kusuka e-Ethiopia kuya eNingizimu Afrika, kanti onogolantethe abanezintambo ezimhlophe batholakala kuphela e-Indochina naseNdiya, ePhilippines nasezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, esiqhingini saseJava. Ama-storks anentamo yoboya baseMalay ajwayelekile eSumatra naseBorneo, atholakala eningizimu yeThailand, entshonalanga yeMalaysia, naseBrunei. Le nyoni ithanda ama-biotop wamanzi angenasawoti angathintwanga anezindawo eziseduze namahlathi, futhi ihlala eduze kwemifula noma ezindaweni ezigcwele izikhukhula.
Kuyathakazelisa!Inani labantu litholakala enyakatho yeKorea nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, kanye naseMongolia. Ukuze kube nobusika, uhlobo lokuhlangana lundizela eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina, lapho luhlala ezindaweni ezimanzi ngendlela yemizimba yamanzi engajulile namasimu elayisi.
Onogolantethe baseMelika njengamanje bahlala eNingizimu Melika nasempumalanga yeVenezuela, kuze kuyofika e-Argentina, lapho bethanda ukuhlala khona ezindaweni ezimanzi kakhulu nasemasimini ezolimo. Indawo yokwabiwa kukanogolantethe waseMpumalanga Ekude imelwe kakhulu yizwe lakithi, kufaka phakathi indawo yaseMpumalanga Ekude, lapho iPrimorye nePriamurye, amabheshi omfula i-Amur, Zeya kanye neUsuri ahlukaniswa njengezindawo zokuhlala.
Ukudla kwengulube
Izisulu zikanogolantethe waseMelika imvamisa izinhlanzi namaxoxo, ama-crayfish namagundane amancane, izinyoka nezinambuzane zasemanzini, kanye nezinye ezingenamgogodla. Onogolantethe abamhlophe bayadla:
- ama-vertebrate amancane;
- ama-invertebrate ahlukahlukene;
- amaxoxo namaselesele;
- izinyoka nezinyoka;
- izinkumbi ezinkulu nezintethe;
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- ibhere noMay mabhungane;
- inhlanzi encane efile noma egulayo;
- hhayi izibankwa ezinkulu kakhulu;
- izilwane ezincelisayo ngendlela yamagundane namagundane, izimvukuzane, izinzulwane, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini nezinja zasemaphandleni;
- izinyoni ezincane.
Onogolantethe abamhlophe badla ikakhulu izibungu nezinkumbi, futhi basebenzisa nezinye izinambuzane ezinkulu njengokudla. Onogolantethe abanezintambo ezimhlophe bavame ukutholakala ezindaweni zepaki noma eduze nemizimba yamanzi, lapho beqothula khona ngenkuthalo izinhlanzi, amaxoxo namasele, izinyoka nezibankwa, futhi baphinde bazondle ngokuqinile kwezinye izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ekuqaleni, bonke abameleli be-Ankle-Eared noma i-oda elifana ne-Stork elivela emndenini we-Stork lakhiwe ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni, eduze kwendawo yokuhlala yomuntu, lapho bakha khona isidleke esikhulu kakhulu kusuka emagatsheni, isisindo saso singaba yizikhungo eziningana. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinyoni ezinjalo zaqala ukusebenzisa ngenkuthalo uphahla lwezakhiwo zokuhlala noma ezinye izakhiwo ukwakha isidleke. Kulezi zinsuku, onogolantethe baya ngokuya bakha izidleke ezigxotsheni zezintambo ezinamandla amakhulu namapayipi efektri.... Isidleke esakhiwe ngunogolantethe singasebenza njengesiphephelo esinamaphiko sokuzalela inzalo iminyaka eminingana.
Unogolantethe wesilisa ufika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba abesifazane balolu hlobo bavele lapho. Izinyoni zifika ezweni lethu ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Owesifazane wokuqala ngqa ovela eduze kwesidleke, owesilisa uzobheka okwakhe, kepha imvamisa abesifazane abaningi balwela ilungelo lokuzala. Unogolantethe wesilisa unakekela insikazi ekhethiwe, ikhipha imisindo ekhala njalo futhi enamandla ngomlomo wayo. Imisindo efanayo ikhishwa owesilisa lapho esondela esidlekeni sowesilisa ongamazi, ngemuva kwalokho umnikazi wesidleke usebenzisa uqhwaku lwakhe ukuhlasela nokushaya isitha.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinhlobo, inani lamaqanda abekwayo lingahluka lisuke kwamabili liye kweziyisikhombisa, kepha imvamisa avela kwamabili kuye kwahlanu. Amaqanda kanogolantethe ambozwa ngegobolondo elimhlophe futhi achanyuselwa ngababili ndawonye. Njengomthetho, abesilisa bayafukamela inzalo yabo ngesikhathi sasemini, kuthi abesifazane babe sebusuku kuphela. Ngenkathi kuguqulwa izikhukhukazi zezinyoni, izinyoni zikhipha ngokuchofoza okukhethekile kwemilomo yazo futhi zisebenzisa ukuma kwesiko.
Ukufukamela kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kwenyanga, emva kwalokho sekubona, kepha amatshwele angenakuzisiza aqanduselwa emaqandeni. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, amatshwele onogolantethe achanyuselwe adla kakhulu imisundu, ekhishwa ngentamo emiphinjeni yabazali. Amachwane avuthiwe anekhono lokukwazi ngokuzimela ukuhlwitha ukudla ngqo emlonyeni womzali.
Kuyathakazelisa!Esidala kunazo zonke okwamanje yisidleke sikanogolantethe, esakhiwa izinyoni zalolu hlobo embhoshongweni osempumalanga yeJalimane, futhi sasebenza njengendlu enezimpiko kusukela ngo-1549 kuya ku-1930.
Izinyoni ezindala zilandelela ngokuqapha futhi ziqaphe ukuziphatha nempilo yazo zonke izingane, ngakho-ke amaphuphu abuthakathaka kakhulu noma agulayo aphonswa ngaphandle kwesihawu esidlekeni. Cishe amasonto ayisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokuzalwa, onogolantethe abancane basuka okokuqala ngqá ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabazali babo. Cishe amanye amasonto amabili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho namasonto amathathu, onogolantethe abanjalo bayondliwa futhi bafundiswe ukundiza kahle, bathuthukise amakhono abo okundiza, abazali. Yize kunjalo, onogolantethe bathola ukuzimela okugcwele kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ehlobo, bese kuthi lapho bebalekela ebusika ezindaweni ezifudumele. Onogolantethe abadala bafudukela ebusika cishe ngoSepthemba. Izinyoni zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili lapho zineminyaka emithathu ubudala, kodwa zikhetha ukwakha isidleke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, cishe zineminyaka eyisithupha.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, onogolantethe abanazitha eziningi kakhulu, lokhu kungenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bezinyoni ezinjalo kanye nokuzala kwazo ezihlahleni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zezinyoni zisungula iqiniso lokuthi onogolantethe kwesinye isikhathi bahlela uhlobo lokuzihlanza kwabantu, lapho kubhujiswa izihlobo ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo.
Kodwa-ke, inani eliphelele lezinhlobo eziningi liyancipha ngenxa yokushintsha komhlaba ezindaweni zemvelo, kufaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwamaxhaphozi nokungcoliswa kwemizimba yamanzi. Amachwane kanye nezinyoni ezindala ezingaphansi kohlobo lwe-White Stork zivame ukufa ezintanjeni zikagesi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ondlamzimba abamnyama kade babalwa kuRed Book yamazwe amaningana, kufaka phakathi izwe lethu neBelarus, iBulgaria, iTajikistan ne-Uzbekistan, i-Ukraine neKazakhstan, iVolgograd neSaratov, kanye nesifunda sase-Ivanovo. Namuhla, onogolantethe baseMalay abanentambo yoboya bangabameleli abangajwayelekile bomndeni weStork, futhi inani labo selisongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Akukho bantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu kubantu. I-Far Eastern, noma unogolantethe omnyama, noma owaseChina ubhalwe kuRed Book endaweni yezwe lethu.
Izinganekwane mayelana nonogolantethe, izimpawu
Inganekwane isabalele ukuthi onogolantethe baletha izingane futhi basize ekutholeni isivuno esihle. Ngakho-ke, onogolantethe babehlonishwa izakhamuzi zasemaphandleni, futhi abantu bafaka amasondo ezinqola ophahleni, bavumela izinyoni ukuba zakhe izidleke zazo. Uma indawo enjalo yokwakha izidleke, esophahleni, ishiywe yizinyoni, bekucatshangwa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zamashwa, izinkathazo nokungabi nabantwana kulindele umnikazi wendlu.
